hi
adverb. now
hithlû
place name. Hithlum
The proper Sindarin name of NS. Hithlum (itself North Sindarin), since in Western Sindarin phonology a primitive [[s|final [m] became a nasalized [v]]], which was then absorbed by the preceding [u] (PE17/133).
Conceptual Development: A form N. Cílu appearing linguistic notes from the 1930s might be an early “true Noldorin” name for Hithlum (PE21/32).
hirgon
masculine name. Hirgon
hirluin
masculine name. Hirluin
Lord of Pinnath Gelin (LotR/771), his name is perhaps a combination of hîr “lord” and luin “blue” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/352).
hirwen
feminine name. Hirwen
hithaeglir
name. hithaeglir, the misty mountains
Misty mountains; hîth (“mist, fog”) + aeg (S aegas “mountain peak”) + lîr (“range, row”)
hiril
feminine name. Hiril
hin
hin
hithlum
place name. Hithlum
Hithlû
pure Sindarin form of Hilthlum
topon. pure Sindarin form of Hilthlum.
himlad
place name. Cool Plain; (lit.) ?Ever-plain
A region in north-eastern Beleriand, translated “Cool Plain” (WJ/332). This translation is difficult to explain. The final element is clearly lad “plain”, implying that its first element means “cool”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (SA/him). This name shares the same initial element as Himring “Ever-cold”, but that name seems to be a compound of him “ever” (Ety/KHIM, EtyAC/KHIM) and ring “cold” (Ety/RINGI).
It is possible that Tolkien coined Himlad after Himring, deciding in that moment that the initial element meant “cold” rather than the final one. However, the root meaning of √RINGI “cold” is well attested in other names: S. Ringló “Chillflood”, S. Ringnen “Chillwater”, Q. Ringarë “December”. This change of him to “cool” may have been temporary, leaving Himlad an aberration.
himring
place name. Ever-cold
A hill where Maedhros built his stronghold, translated “Ever-cold” (S/123). This name appears to be a compound of him “ever” (Ety/KHIM, EtyAC/KHIM) and ring “cold” (Ety/RINGI).
Conceptual Development: This name first appeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s as ᴱN. Himling of unclear meaning (LB/263) and the form N. Himling also appeared in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/108, LR/145) before being revised to N. Himring, at which point it was translated “Ever-cold” for the first time (LR/265).
hithaeglir
place name. Misty Mountains, (lit.) Line of Misty Peaks
Sindarin name of the Misty Mountains, more literally “Line of Misty Peaks” (RC/11), a combination of hîth “mist” (SA/hîth) and aeglir “range of mountain peaks”.
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Eredhithui, with Hithdilias written above it (TI/124). In drafts maps from the 1940s Tolkien sometimes wrote Hithaiglin, and that was form of the word in the map in the 1st and 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings (TMME/379, 383). Tolkien also wrote Hithaeglin in a 1954 letter to Naomi Mitchison (Let/180). However, according to Christopher Tolkien the inclusion of this form of the name in the published version of The Lord of the Rings was an error (SI/Hithaeglir), and it was corrected to Hithaeglir in later editions starting in the 1980s.
hithlain
noun. mist thread, grey elvish rope
The name of the grey elvish rope from The Lord of the Rings (LotR/371). Starting with the second edition index of LotR Tolkien said it meant “mist thread” (LotRI), and in notes from the late 1960s he gave its Quenya equivalent as hísilanya, indicating the elements of hithlain were hîth “mist” and lain “thread, warp, ‽twine” (PE17/60).
hithui
adjective. misty
An adjectival form of hîth “mist”, constructed via the common adjective suffix -ui. It is translated in the early name N. Eredhithui “Misty Mountains” (TI/124), a precursor of S. Hithaeglir. It is attested in later writings as S. Hithui, the Sindarin name for November (lit. “✱Misty-one”).
Himlad
noun. cool plain
him (“cool”) + lad (“plain, valley”)
Hithlum
a name in a dialect of the North
topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Hilthlû.
hithren
adjective. grey
_ adj. _grey. >> thind
Hithliniath
noun. misty pools
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lîn (“pool”) + ath (collective plural suffix)
Hithlum
noun. misty shade
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lum (“shade”)
hithlain
noun. mist-thread
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lain (“thread”)
hithlain
'mist thread'
n. 'mist thread', wrap. Q. hísilanya.
hí
adverb. now
him
adjective. cool
hithui
noun. November, *Misty-one
him
adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding
hiril
noun. lady, lady; [G.] princess, †queen
him
adjective. cool
hin
adverb. now
hithlain
noun. mist-thread (a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes)
hithren
adjective. grey
hithu
noun. fog
hithui
noun/adjective. foggy, misty
hithui
noun/adjective. the month of november
amon ethir
place name. Hill of Spies
An artificial hill near Nargothrond from which the Elves could observe the surrounding country. It was translated “Hill of Spies” (S/217, WJ/149), a combination of amon “hill” and ethir “spy”.
terchil
collective name. High-men
A hypothetical Sindarin equivalent of Q. Tarcil(di) (PE17/101). This term was not used, but is what the Sindarin word would have been if it had developed from the primitive plural ✶tarkhildī.
Conceptual Development: A similar term N. Torfir appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s, probably a combination of taur “high” and feir “mortal man” (EtyAC/TĀ). Torfir also appeared in an earlier version of Glorfindel’s greeting to Aragorn in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/61), where it was a precursor to S. Dúnadan. It seems that in Tolkien’s later conception, Tolkien only used the term Dúnedain to refer to the High Men of the West in Sindarin.
Amon Ethir
noun. hill spy
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), [His.] ed (“out”) + tirn (“watcher”)
terchil
noun. 'high-Men'
pl1. n. 'high-Men', ancient name of the Edain. A S. form not used. Q. tarcildi, prob. Orkish tark. >> Adan
echil
collective name. Followers
thin
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey
_ adj. _grey. Obsolete except in names as Thingol. >> hithren
thinn
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey, grey, [N.] pale
if from þindā, why no a-affection? @@@
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
thind
adjective. grey, pale
thinn
adjective. grey
_adj. _grey. Q. sinde.
thinn
adjective. grey
hil-
verb. to follow
hir-
verb. to find, *light on, chance on
A Sindarin neologism inspired by the Quenya verb hir- of the same meaning, which been around long enough that I don’t know where it originated.
Hithlum
Mist-shadow
him
abiding
(adj.) him (steadfast), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
steadfast
1) him (abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
continually
(adverb) him, lenited chim. Not that homophones include the adjectives ”cool” and also ”steadfast, abiding”.
him
cool
him (lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.
hithlain
mist-thread
hithlain, name of a fiber made in Lórien.
hithui
november
Hithui
hithui
foggy
1) hithui (misty), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form. 2) *hethu (obscure, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH).
Hiro hyn hîdh ab 'wanath
May they find peace after death.
This is a phrase that Legolas, Aragorn, And Gimli think that the hobbits are dead.
him
abiding
(steadfast), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
steadfast
(abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
continually
lenited chim. Not that homophones include the adjectives ”cool” and also ”steadfast, abiding”.
him
cool
(lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.
hiril
lady
(i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath.
hithu
fog
(i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
hithui
foggy
(misty), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
hithui
misty
(foggy), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
hilvias
noun. inheritance, heritage
hinia-
verb. to stick to, adhere, cleave to, abide by
hithu
noun. fog
hich-
verb. to vomit
hir-
verb. find
hithlain
mist-thread
name of a fiber made in Lórien.
hithui
november
amon hen
place name. Hill of Sight, (lit.) Hill of the Eye
A hill on the shore of Nen Hithoel, companion to Amon Lhaw. This name was usually translated “Hill of Sight” (LotR/393), but more literally meant “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400, PE17/77). It is a combination of amon “hill” and hen “eye”.
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts, this hill was first named ᴹQ. Tirmindon “✱Watch Tower” (TI/364), but was soon changed to N. Amon Hen(n) (TI/364, WR/128).
amon
noun. hill, mountain with steep sides; lump, clump, mass, hill, (isolated) mountain; lump, clump, mass; [G.] steep slope
The basis Sindarin word for “hill”. In one set of notes from around 1967, Tolkien said it could be applied also to any “lump, clump, mass” (PE17/93). In this same note Tolkien said it was “often applied to (especially isolated) mountains”, the most notable example being S. Amon Amarth “Mount Doom”. Its plural form emyn “hills” also appears in many names.
Conceptual Development: This word had a long history in Tolkien’s Elvish languages. It first appeared as G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), where it was probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)”. ᴱN. amon “hill” also appears in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s again connected to am- “up” (PE13/137, 159), and was given as N. amon “hill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√AM “up” (Ety/AM²).
Its Quenya cognate Q. ambo was given as derivative of √AM “go up” in notes from 1967, but in other 1967 notes on the comparative, Tolkien coined some different roots as the basis for this S. amon “hill”, first √MAB “lump, mass” (PE17/90) and then √MBON, the latter being the basis for the alternate meanings “lump, clump, mass” mentioned above (PE17/90-93). Tolkien’s motivation for this change was that he wanted √AMA to have a new meaning “addition, increase, plus” to serve as the basis for the intensive.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume S. amon was derived from √AM “up”, since I prefer Q. an- for intensives, but it may have been influenced by √MBON and this was the reason for its alternate meanings “lump, clump, mass”.
amon anwar
place name. Hill of Awe
The Gondorian name for Roh. Halifirien, translated “Hill of Awe” (UT/301). It is a combination of amon “hill” and anwar “awe”, sometimes referred to simply as Anwar, as in the “Woods of Anwar” and the “wardens of Anwar” (UT/306).
amon uilos
place name. Hill of Ever-snow
The Sindarin name of the mountain Q. Oiolossë (S/37). The first element is amon “hill” and the second element Uilos “Ever-snow” is the cognate of its Quenya name.
Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this name was N. Amon Uilas with an a corresponding to earlier ᴹQ. Ialasse (SM/81), but it was revised to N. Amon Uilos in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/210). This form of the name also appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/OY).
dol guldur
place name. Hill of Sorcery
Fortress of the Necromancer in Mirkwood (LotR/250). This name is a combination of dol(l) “head, hill” and guldur “sorcery” (SA/dol, gûl, dûr; PE17/32).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as (Ilk.?) Dol Dúghol (TI/178), with several variations in the second element as Tolkien worked through the drafts (sometimes u instead of o, sometimes gh instead of g). The form Dol Guldur did not appear until very late in Tolkien’s writing (WR/122).
emyn arnen
place name. Hills of Arnen
Some hills in South Ithilien (LotR/750). This name is translated “Hills of Arnen”, a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the regional name Arnen (VT42/17).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Haramon (WR/359), later revised to N. Emyn Arnen (WR/363 note #3).
garthúrian
place name. Hidden Realm
A region between the rivers Aros and Celon, so labeled in the Silmarillion map from the 1950s but not in the published Silmarillion (WJ/183). A late isolated note translates it as “Hidden Realm” and indicates that it is the Sindarin form from which Arthúrien is derived (WJ/189). Most likely it is a combination of gardh “realm”, thurin “hidden” and the suffix -ian(d) “land”.
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, G. Gar Thurion “Secret Place” was given as a name for Doriath (LT2/158), revised from earlier Gar Furion (LT2/202). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Ilk. Garthurian is given as an Ilkorin name of Doriath, translated “Fenced Realm” or “Hidden Realm” (Ety/GAT(H), ƷAR, THUR). The name N. Arthurien is said to be a “half translation” of the Ilkorin name, matching the later modification of Sindarin Garthúrian into Arthúrien.
gondolin
place name. Hidden Rock, (originally) Singing Stone
The hidden city of the Noldor in Beleriand, translated “Hidden Rock”, an adaptation of its Quenya name Ondolindë “Rock of the Music of Water” (S/125). Tolkien stated that the name Gondolin was properly “neither Sindarin or Noldorin [Quenya]” (PE17/29), but the Sindarized name was reinterpretated as a combination of gond “stone” and dolen “hidden” (WJ/201).
Conceptual Development: The name G. Gondolin appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, but at this stage it was translated “Stone of Song” (LT2/158). This was the same meaning as its early Qenya name Ondolinda, with the second element being G. dólin “song” (GL/29, 41; LT1A/Gondolin). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien revised the meaning of N. Gondolin to “heart of hidden rock” (Ety/DUL), setting the stage for the later derivation described above.
haudh-en-ndengin
place name. Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain
Mound of the Elves and Men slain during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, translated “Hill of Slain” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and the plural of dangen “slain”.
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Cûm a Thegranaithos “Mound of the First Sorrow”, revised to Cûm a Gumlaith of similar meaning (LT1/149). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” (SM/312, LR/147), then to Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain” (LR/314) and finally Haudh-na-Dengin (LR/312). In The Etymologies, the middle preposition was replaced with the definite article i, Haudh i Ndengin (Ety/KHAG, NDAK) and in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s it changed to the combined article-preposition ina (WJ/79), then finally to en in Haudh-en-Ndengin (WJ/169).
nevrast
place name. Hither Shore
A region on the coast of Beleriand translated “Hither Shore” (S/119), named in opposition to the shores of Aman called Haerast “Far Shore” (PE17/27). This name is a combination of nef “on this side of” and ras(t) “shore” (PE17/27).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was Ilk. Nivrost “West Vale” (LR/259), designated as Ilkorin in The Etymologies (Ety/NIB, ROS²). In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, it changed to Nevrast with its new translation (WJ/179, 197), though in one place Tolkien wrote Nevrost (WJ/318).
rodwen
feminine name. High Virgin Noble
-deid
suffix. his
-deith
suffix. his
-dyn
suffix. his
Amon Anwar
noun. hill of awe
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), anwar (“awe”)
Amon Carab
noun. hill of the hat
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), carab (“hat”)
Amon Hen
noun. hill of the eye
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), hend (“eye”) #The ending -nd is usually preserved at the end of fully accented monosyllables, but here might be dropped because hend is preceded by another fully accented polysyllable, which made it lose some stress.
Amon Lhaw
noun. hill of hearing
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), lhaw (pl. “ears”)
Amon Obel
noun. hill-village
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”) + obel (“walled house or village”) #The second element is found in Obel Halad (possibly “town of chieftain”) .
Amon Sû
noun. hill of the wind
amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), sûl (“wind”)
Aredhel
noun. high, noble elf
ar(a) (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + edhel (“elf”)
Dol Guldur
noun. hill of dark magic
(n-)dol (“hill”), (n-)gûl (“magic”) + dûr (“dark”)
Emyn Arnen
noun. hills beside the water [see [His.], entry arnen]
emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), ar (#from Dor. ar - “outside, beside”) + nen (“water”)
Emyn Beraid
noun. hills-towers
emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), beraid (pl. of barad “tower”) #Another possible interpretation of the name is “hills of towers”.
Nevrast
noun. hither shore
#nev (#“hither,close”) + #rast (#“shore”) The later form of Nivrost.
Ras Arphain
noun. high snow peak
ras (“horn, mountain peak”), ar(a) (here: “high”) + phain (“white”) #The second element is an alternative spelling of fain.
Tol Brandir
noun. high island
toll (“island”), brand (“lofty, noble, fine”) + dîr (traditional suffix for proper names [Etym. DER- ]) The double consonant in toll might be shortened because of the construct state of the word [HKF] #The second element seems to be a noun (high, noble man?) in an adjectival position, and that could explain the lack of mutation.
Uldor
noun. hideous king
ul (stem “hideous, horrible”) + #taur (“king”)
Ulfang
noun. hideous beard
ul (stem “hideous, horrible”) + fang (“beard”)
Ulfast
noun. hideous hair
ul (stem “hideous, horrible”) + #fast (“shaggy hair”)
Ulwarth
noun. hideous betrayer
ul (stem “hideous, horrible”) + gwarth (“betrayer”)
amon
hill
pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth
amon tirith
place name. Hill of Guard
The hill where Minas Tirith was built, translated “Hill of Guard” (RC/772). It is a combination of amon “hill” and tirith “watch, guard”.
arthórien
place name. Hidden Realm
A region between the rivers Aros and Celon, so labeled in the Silmarillion map from the 1950s but not in the published Silmarillion (WJ/183). It is also mentioned in Tolkien’s unfinished expansion of the Tale of the Children of Húrin (UT/77). A late isolated note indicates that Arthúrien (with a ú) was a name used by the Noldor, which was derived from the proper Sindarin form Garthúrian (WJ/189). The name is clearly not Quenya, so perhaps it is Noldorized Sindarin, dropping the initial g.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, N. Arthoren is said to be a translation of Ilk. Garthurian, beside the “half translation” Arthurien (Ety/GAT(H), ƷAR, THUR), matching the later modification of Sindarin Garthúrian into Arthúrien/Arthórien.
cirith forn en andrath
place name. High-Climbing Pass of the North
emyn eglain
place name. Hills of Eglamar
Hills in Falas named on a map of Beleriand from the 1950s, but not on the map in the published Silmarillion, translated “Hills of Eglamar” (WJ/184, 189). This name is a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the plural of Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” used to refer to the people of Círdan who lived in that region.
emyn uial
place name. Hills of Evendim
gobennas
noun. history
go (prefix “together, with”) + pent (“story”) + as (#abstract collective suffix) #This suffix probably denotes “a complete set of different items of one kind”.
penedh
historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general
{ð} n. historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.
súl
hill; lump
{ū} n. hill; lump, clump, mass.
thuringud
masculine name. Hidden Foe
A name that Túrin assumed in Nargothrond translated “Hidden Foe” (WJ/256), a combination of thurin “secret, hidden” and the lenited form of cûd “foe”, the latter element suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT49/25).
torn
hidden
adj. hidden, secret. >> terech
dolen
adjective. hidden, hidden, [N.] secret
orchorod
place name. High Mountain Circle
torn
adjective. hidden, secret
tîn
pronoun. his
Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).
în
pronoun. his, *reflexive possessive = his own
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Haldir
noun. hidden hero
hal (from haltha- “screen”) + dîr (“man, adult male”)
amloth
noun. high flower
am (prefix “up”) + loth (“flower”)
amon
noun. hill, steep-sided mount
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
dol
noun. hill or mountain
rodwen
noun. high virgin noble
tîn
adjective. his
în
adjective. his (referring to the subject)
ethir
of a river
(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".
thind
grey
(pale); no distinct pl. form.
hîl
noun. heir
amrod
masculine name. *High and Lofty
Twin brother of Amras and youngest(?) of the sons of Fëanor (it is unclear which of the twins was born first). The name is a compound of am “up” and the suffixal form -rod of raud “lofty, noble” (PM/353, VT41/10), an adaption of his Quenya name Q. Ambarto (PM/353).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this character was first named G. Damrod (LT2/251), and the name remained N. Damrod in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/223). It appeared in The Etymologies with the gloss “hammerer of copper”, a combination of N. dam “hammer” and the lenited form of N. rhaud “metal” (Ety/NDAM, RAUTĀ).
The name was changed to S. Amrod in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/197). Elsewhere Tolkien said that Amrod would also have been the proper Sindarin adaption for the name of Ambarto’s cousin Q. Ambaráto, but that Noldorin Elf chose the Sindarin name Aegnor instead (PM/347).
arahadhw
noun. throne, (lit.) high seat
A word for “throne” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, equivalent to Q. tarhanwa, with various Sindarin forms arahand, arahaðm, arahaðw and archaf (PE22/148). The initial element is ar(a)-, which was elsewhere glossed “noble, royal, high”. The second element is derived from √KHAD “sit” (PE18/95). The variant with -hand seems based on (unattested) primitive ✱✶hand(ǝ); compare this to deleted {N. hand} “seat” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/KHAM). The variants with -haðm and -haðw are clearly based on primitive ✶khadmā “seat” appearing on the same page in LVS (PE22/148), with -haðm being the more ancient form.
The fourth form with -chaf may also be a variant derivation of the ✶khadmā, since lower on the page Tolkien proposed dm > v as a Sindarin phonetic development. This development is inconsistent with Tolkien ideas elsewhere (generally dm > ðw > -dhu when final) and I think it was a transient idea.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would combine the final element of the third form with the initial element of the fourth form to get ᴺS. archadhu “throne, (lit.) high seat” as the most phonologically plausible form.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. doros “throne” as an elaboration of G. dorn “seat” (GL/30). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. {aicod >>} turhod “throne”, a combination of ᴱN. tûr “power” and ᴱN. haud “seat” (PE13/154-155).
dol(l)
noun. head, hill
This is the normal Sindarin word for “head” (PE17/32, 173; RC/268), which also “often applied to hills or mountains that had not a sharp apex” (PE17/36). Based on the epithet Glórindol “Goldenhead” for Hador (S/147, WJ/234), the word also applied to the head of people (and presumably also animals). In compounds and names it took the form dol, -dol or (mutated) -dhol, as in Dol Guldur, Nardol, or Fanuidhol. Tolkien also represented this word as doll, which is likely its form as an independent word (PE17/32, 36).
Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor to this word was G. nôl “head” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61), cognate of ᴱQ. nóla “head, hill” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√NOHO “extended” (QL/67). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. {naul >>} nod “head” (PE13/150-151), while in The Etymologies of the 1930s he had N. dôl “head” under the root ᴹ√NDOL (Ety/NDOL).
The last of these indicates the noun began with the ancient cluster nd-, which is important because it would affect mutated forms. However, later Sindarin Fanuidhol “Cloudy Head” requires derivation from unstrengthened ✱dol (RGEO/66). In the 1940s, the plural of this word was duil (SM/225; TI/268) which is consistent with a noun ending in a single l (dôl), but Tolkien later represented it as ending in two ll (PE17/32, 36).
Neo-Sindarin: In keeping with Fanuidhol, I think it is best to assume the ancient form of the word began with unstrengthened d-, so that its independent mutated form would be dholl as in ✱i dholl “the head”. As for its plural, it is possible that the cluster ll would resist i-intrusion so that the plural form would ✱dyll “heads”; compare gyrth plural of gorth. However, I prefer to assume that final ss, nn, ll clusters were especially weak and still allowed for i-intrusion: compare lais plural of lass and periain plural of perian, versus class-plural periannath. Hence, I would use its 1940s plural form duil, which gives doll “a head”, i dholl “the head”, duil “heads” and i nuil “the heads”.
dol amroth
place name. *Hill of Amroth
Capital of the province of Belfalas in Gondor (LotR/750), a combination of dol(l) “head, hill” and the name Amroth, hence: “✱Hill of Amroth”.
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name was briefly changed to N. Barad Amroth “Castle Amroth” (WR/423), but mostly appeared as N. Dol Amroth (WR/395, TI/310).
duinen
noun. flood, high tide
emyn gwahaedir
place name. *Hills of the Palantír
Earlier rejected name for Emyn Beraid (PM/186), apparently a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and Gwahaedir, probably a Sindarin word of a palantír, hence: “✱Hills of the Palantír”.
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322).
In the Quendi and Eldar (Q&E) essay of 1959-60, Tolkien said “S has hên, pl. hîn, mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics”, meaning this word was often used to mean “child of” in reference to one’s parents, for example Túrin hen Húrin or Túrin hen Morwen.
thurin
adjective. secret, hidden
An adjective meaning “secret” or “hidden” appearing in a number of names (UT/157, WJ/256). It is most likely derived from the root ᴹ√THUR (Ety/THUR). It’s unclear why the short u did not become y before i as was usual in Sindarin. Perhaps the u was originally long, as suggested by David Salo (GS/291).
Conceptual Development: Both this word and its Ilkorin precursor thúren seems to be elements of the name Garthurian “Hidden Realm”. As such, the earliest form of S. thurin might be Gnomish furion “secret, concealed” (GL/36) from the earliest versions of that name from the 1910s: G. Gar Furion or Gar Thurion “Secret Place”.
In the 1930s, Tolkien reconceived of these names as Ilk. Garthurian, clearly related to Ilk. thúren “guarded, hidden” as both were derived from the root ᴹ√THUR (Ety/THUR). The long ú in this Ilkorin word is another hint that the Sindarin development might have been similar, although it can’t be identical, because the Sindarin word shows no sign of the a-affection appearing in the Ilkorin form.
sen
adjective. this
This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
Nevrast
'Hither Shore'
aran
'high or noble person'
pl1. erain n. 'high or noble person', king, chief.
emyn hen dúnadan
place name. *Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan
Earlier rejected name for Emyn Beraid (PM/186), apparently a combination of the plural of amon “hill”, hen “eye” and Dúnadan “Man of the West”, hence: “✱Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan”.
glaer nia chîn húrin
Tale of the Children of Húrin
An earlier Sindarin name for “Tale of the Children of Húrin”, revised to Narn i Chîn Húrin (WJ/160). It uses glaer “long lay, narrative poem” instead of narn “tale”, and the definite plural form nia of the preposition na(n) “of”, the latter also seen in Sarch nia Chîn Húrin.
hen
pronoun. this
pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.
orfalch echor
place name. *High Cleft of the Outer Circle
A ravine in the Echoriath leading to Gondolin (S/239). This name seems to be a combination of [N.] or “above”, falch “cleft” and echor “outer circle”, perhaps meaning “✱High Cleft of the Outer Circle”.
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, a similar ravine was named G. Glorfalc “Golden Cleft” (LT2/150), whose the final element G. falc “cleft” resembles the element in the later name, possibly of the same meaning.
sen
pronoun. this
pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.
hîl
noun. heir
ar(a)-
prefix. noble, royal, high
narn i chîn húrin
Tale of the Children of Húrin
rodel
noun. lady, high lady
sen
pronoun. this
taer
adjective. lofty, lofty, *high
Menel
noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars
archaf
noun. throne, (lit.) high seat
atheg
noun. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
duinen
noun. flood, high tide
esgal
noun. veil, screen, cover that hides
fân
noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)
gwinig
noun. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
lhoss
noun. whisper or rustling sound
mîr
noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure
rhoss
noun. whisper or rustling sound
amon
hill
1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
dolen
hidden
1) dolen (secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen. 2) hall (veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”, 3) thoren (guarded, fenced), pl. thorin, 4) thurin (secret); no distinct pl. form_.
gondrath
highway
(raised stone highway) gondrath (i **ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith**, without umlaut of the first element.
nev
hither
(adj. pref.) nev- (near, on this side). Also used as a preposition nef ”on this side of”.
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
tín
his
*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.
ín
his (own)
ín (pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. *i venn sunc i haw ín* ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to i venn sunc i haw dín** ”the man drank his [= anothers] juice”)
Amon Gwareth
Hill of Watching
Amon Gwareth is Sindarin. It has meant "Hill of Watching", from amon "hill" and gwareth "watching", since its first conception. Christopher Tolkien wrote that his father later changed the name to Amon Gwared but this change did not make it in the published Silmarillion.
Emyn Eglain
place name. Hills of the Forsaken (Elves)
dôl
hill
(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).
hall
hidden
(veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”
nev
hither
(near, on this side). Also used as a preposition nef ”on this side of”.
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
taen
high mountain
(i daen, o thaen) (height), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaen). Note: a homophone means ”long (and thin)”.
tín
his
(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.
ín
his
(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)
Andrath
high pass
andrath (literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
duinen
high tide
duinen (i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
gobenathren
historical
gobenathren (lenited obenathren; pl. gebenethrin, for archaic *göbennethrin)
gobennas
history
1) gobennas (i **obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath**. (Archaic pl. *göbennais.) 2) pennas (i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath
tele
hindmost part
tele (i dele) (rear, end), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).
tele
hindmost part
tele (i dele) (rear, end), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).
telu
high roof
telu (i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
uanui
hideous
uanui (monstrous); no distinct pl. form. Also prefix ul- (ugly) (only found as initial element of names, like Ulwarth).
amon
hill
(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
dolen
hidden
(secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen.
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
gobenathren
historical
(lenited ’obenathren; pl. gebenethrin, for archaic ✱göbennethrin)
gobennas
history
(i ’obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath. (Archaic pl. ✱göbennais.)
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
níwost
noun. hive
pennas
history
(i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath
tele
hindmost part
(i dele) (rear, end), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
thoren
hidden
(guarded, fenced), pl. thorin
thurin
hidden
(secret); no distinct pl. form
tund
hill
(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
uanui
hideous
(monstrous); no distinct pl. form. Also prefix ul- (ugly) *(only found as initial element of names, like Ulwarth)*.
hîl
heir
1) #hîl (i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350). 2) rêd (construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.
hîl
heir
(i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350).
tobla-
verb. to hide
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
sen
this
*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).
Amon Obel
Fortified Hill
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
sen
this
lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).
cîl
pass between hills
(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.
rêd
heir
(construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.
celef
noun. deer, hind
A neologism coined by Gábor Lőrinczi appearing on the VQP (VQP) based on primitive ✶kel(e)bē of the same meaning.
se
pronoun. this
lhoss
whisper
(noun) (also = ”rustling sound”) *lhoss (?i thloss or ?i loss [the lenition product of lh is uncertain],_ _construct lhos), pl. lhyss (?i lyss). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloss, floss.
main
chief
(adj.) main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
rhoss
whisper
(noun) *rhoss (?i thross or ?i ross_ _ the lenition product of rh- is uncertain; construct rhos) (rustling sound), pl. rhyss (?idh ryss). Suggested S form of ”N” thross.
archadhu
noun. throne, (lit.) high seat
eruchen
children of the one
)
escal
cover that hides
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
golovir
glittering white
(= ”Noldo-jewel”) (i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir), 3) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
lhoss
whisper
(?i thloss or ?i loss [the lenition product of lh is uncertain], construct lhos), pl. lhyss (?i lyss). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloss, floss.
main
chief
(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
mith
white fog
(i vith) (wet mist), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
rhoss
whisper
(?i thross or ?i ross* – the lenition product of **rh***- is uncertain; construct rhos) (rustling sound), pl. rhyss (?idh ryss). – Suggested S form of ”N” thross**.
ulunn
deformed and hideous creature
(monster), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*
aphad-
verb. to follow
A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 glossed “follow”, derived from primitive ✶ap-pata “walk behind, on a track or path” (WJ/387), with primitive pp aspirating and then becoming voiceless spirants, with ph pronounced as a long [ff].
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had similarly formed G. obra- “follow; succeed” based on G. ob “after” (GL/62), precursor to S. ab “after”.
galadh
noun. tree
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
haldir
masculine name. Haldir
Silvan Elf of Lórien (LotR/343). The meaning of this name is unclear, but it might be a combination of [N.] hall “hidden” and dîr “man”.
Conceptual Development: This name is also shared by a man of the Edain from the First Age, Ed. Haldir, as well as a (rejected) son of Orodreth N. Haldir; the derivation above comes for that of the son of Orodreth (Ety/DER, SKAL¹). As applied to this Silvan Elf, this name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Hathaldir, revised to Halldir and finally Haldir (TI/262).
hen(d)
noun. eye
The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.
hírilorn
place name. Tree of the Lady
A great beech-tree in Doriath (S/172), translated by Christopher Tolkien as “Tree of the Lady” (SI/Hírilorn). This name is a combination of híril “lady” and orn “tree” (SA/heru, orn).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, the tree was first named G. Golosbrindi “Queen of the Forest” (LT2/51), revised to G. Hirilorn “Queen of Trees” (LT2/18). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, the name was translated “Beechen Queen” (LB/202). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Ilk. Hirilorn was given as a Doriathrin name, most likely with the same meaning as above (Ety/NEL).
hîth
noun. mist
The Sindarin word for “mist”, an element in many names, derived from the root √KHITH of the same meaning (SA/hîth; PE17/73).
Conceptual Development: N. hîth “mist” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/KHIS), though when Tolkien first defined the word, he first wrote (and then deleted) the gloss “fog” (EtyAC/KHIS). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien wrote hith (LR/364), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne confirmed that the actual form was hîth in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/22).
ion(n)
noun. son, son, *boy
The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.
lanc
adjective. naked
A word for “naked” in the name Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” (UT/280).
mâb
noun. hand, hand, [N.] grasp
The typical Sindarin word for “hand” (VT47/7, 20), usable in almost any context. It is most notable as an element in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (VT47/8). See below for a discussion of its etymology.
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. mab “hand” appeared as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (GL/55). Tolkien then revised the gloss to “hands”, saying instead it was an irregular dual of G. mô “hand”. The word reverted to singular ᴱN. mab “hand” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). These early versions of the word were already an element of Mablung “Heavy Hand(ed)” (LT2/38; LB/311), but also of Ermabwed “One-handed” (LT2/34; LB/119).
In the 1930s it seems Tolkien decided Ilk. mâb “hand” was primarily an Ilkorin word, and the usual word for “hand” in Noldorin was N. cam. Compare Ilkorin Ermabuin “One-handed” and Mablosgen “Empty-handed” with Noldorin Erchamion and Camlost of the same meaning. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. mab “grasp” under the root ᴹ√MAPA “seize”, but the version of the entry with that word was overwritten (EtyAC/MAP), leaving only the Ilkorin form mâb. In this period, Mablung may also have been an Ilkorin name.
After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin in the 1950s, he kept S. Erchamion and Camlost based on cam, but also kept Mablung “Heavy Hand” which must have become Sindarin. In his later writings Tolkien again revisited the etymology of S. mâb “hand”. In a note from Jan-Feb 1968, he wrote:
> It [Q. má = “hand”] did not survive in Telerin and Sindarin as an independent word, but was replaced by the similar-sounding but unconnected C.E. makwā, Q. maqua, T. mapa, S. mab, of uncertain origin, but probably originally an adjectival formation from MAK “strike” ... (VT47/19).
This sentence was struck through, however. In drafts of notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals written in or after 1968, Tolkien again derived mâb from √MAP (VT47/20 note #13), but in the final version of these notes he made the remarkable decision to discard this root despite it being a stable part of Elvish for nearly 50 years, declaring it was used only in Telerin and not Quenya or Sindarin (VT47/7). He coined a new etymology for S. mâb “hand” based on ✶makwā “handful” = ✶mā + ✶kwā (VT47/6-7), a variation on the above etymology from √MAK.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to ignore Tolkien’s 1968 removal of √MAP “seize”, and so would continue to derive S. mâb “hand” from that root. However, its ancient meaning may have been “✱grasp”, and its eventual use as “hand” might have been influenced by ancient ✶makwā “handful”.
sîr
noun. river, stream
A common Sindarin word for “river” or “stream”, a relatively small river compared to S. duin. It is a derivative of √SIR “flow” (SA/sîr; Ety/SIR).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where G. sîr “river” appeared (GL/67), a derivative of the early root ᴱ√SIŘI (or a variant of it) as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sirion). ᴱN. sír “stream” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, though in that instance it was changed to ᴱN. hír “lord” (PE13/147). N. sîr “river” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√SIR “flow” (Ety/SIR). It appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed “river” (RC/384) or “stream” (PE17/37; RC/269), as well as being an element in many Sindarin and Noldorin river names.
thurin
masculine name. Secret
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
-dhol
head
_ suff. _head (often applied to hills or mountains that had _not _a sharp apex). >> Fanuidhol
Emyn Eglain
noun. mountains of forsaken elves
emyn (pl. of amon “hill”) + eglain (pl. of eglan “a forsaken”)
aras
noun. deer, deer, hart, *stag
A word in the name Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” (S/224; UT/150). Its primitive form ✶aras(sō) was translated “hart” (PE21/82), so this word probably refers to a male deer.
cae
noun. earth
This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies
dol
head
doll
head
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
esgal
a cast shadow
_n. _a cast shadow. Q. hala, poet. ixal. . This gloss was rejected.
fain
dim
adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form).
fanha-
verb. to veil
v. to veil, cloak. Q. fanta-. Naturally mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or were brighter and more vivid.
galadh
tree
_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
tree
{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
hî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> thî****
iôn
masculine name. Son
lebethron
noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor
In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
maw
noun. hand
The Sindarin equivalent of Q. má, likewise derived from the root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield” (PE17/162; VT47/6). However, in Sindarin this word was archaic, used only in poetry, having been replaced in ordinary speech by other words like S. mâb and (less often) cam. Other remnants of this word can be seen in compounds like molif “wrist, (orig.) hand link” and directional words like forvo and harvo for left and right hand side.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. mô from the early root ᴱ√MAHA was the normal word for “hand”, replacing mab “hand” (< ᴱ√MAHA) which in this document Tolkien decided was instead an irregular dual form of mô (GL/55). It had also had an irregular plural mabin based on this dual, replacing an older plural †maith. In the Gnomish Grammar, its archaic form was †mâ, with the usual Gnomish sound change of ā to ō (GG/14), as opposed to later Sindarin/Noldorin ā to au, spelt -aw when final. Tolkien seems to have abandoned mô as a non-archaic word for “hand” early on, preferring ᴱN. mab “hand” by the 1920s and introducing N. cam “hand” in the 1930s.
methed
noun. end
This word is attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” (of the Misty Mountains). The latter name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Methen Amon and Methendol (TI/404), making it likely that methed is a revision from the earlier adjective N. methen (Ety/MET).
This new form likely changed from an adjective to a noun, since -ed/-ad is usually a gerundal suffix in Sindarin (forming nouns from verbs). This word is clearly a noun in the name Methed-en-Glad, and could also be a noun in Methedras (= “Peak of the End?”).
mîr
noun. jewel
_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
raud
tall
rodel
lady
1a _n._lady, high lady. >> Nimrodel
thî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> hî****
Hírilorn
noun. lady-tree
híril (“lady”) + orn (“tree”)
si
now
si (lenited hi)
si
now
(lenited hi)
edhellen
adjective. elvish
hîm
noun. beer
adlanna
slope
(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.
ar
noble
(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
arn
noble
(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
arphen
noble
(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.
arth
lofty
1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
beleg
mighty
1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
daedhelos
great fear
daedhelos (i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndae<u>d</u>elos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for GREAT FEAR is goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe).
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
misty
1) doll (dark, dusky, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in Sindarin. 2) hithui (foggy), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
dôl
head
dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (hill), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained).
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
escal
veil
(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
escal
screen
(noun) escal (veil, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
cover
(a cover that hides) escal (screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
hall
veiled
hall (hidden, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”.
hall
exalted
hall (high); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
helf
coat
(fur coat) helf (i chelf, o chelf), pl. hilf (i chilf), coll. pl. helvath
hell
naked
1) hell (lenited chell; pl. hill), 2) lanc (pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
hend
eye
hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
herdir
master
(noun) 1) herdir (i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or *”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath. 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22)._ Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred. 3) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)_ 4) (also used = ”mastery”) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
herth
troop
1) _(troop under a hîr = ”lord”)_ herth (i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth). 2)
herth
household
herth (i cherth, o cherth) (troop under a hîr = lord), pl. hirth (i chirth)
heryn
lady
1) heryn (i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn), 2) hiril (i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath. 3) brennil (i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath. 4) bassoneth (bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth. 5) dî (i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
hest
captain
hest (i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)
hethu
obscure
_(adjective) _1) *hethu (foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîr
lord
1) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9); 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (master), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath (VT45:22)._ _Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord” may be preferred. 3) brannon (i vrannon), pl. brennyn (i mrennyn), coll. pl. brannonnath; 4) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, victor), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
hîth
fog
1) hîth (i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth), 2) *hithu (i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
lîn
pool
lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
lake
1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **
megil
sword
1) megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
meth
end
(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.
methen
end
(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)
mithren
grey
1) *mithren (lenited vithren, pl. mithrin). 2) thind (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) (pale grey) mith (lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mîr
jewel
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
narn
tale
1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).
or
above
(adj. pref.) or- (over, high)
pent
story
pent (i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.
pind
slope
(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).
sîr
river
1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).
taur
vast
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
telu
dome
telu (i delu, o thelu) (high roof), pl. tely (i thely)
thoren
guarded
thoren (fenced, hidden), pl. thorin
thurin
secret
(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
uanui
monstrous
uanui (hideous); no distinct pl. form
Amon Anwar
Amon Anwar
Amon Anwar means "Hill of Awe" in Sindarin. Halifirien means "Holy Mountain" in the language of Rohan. Tolkien derived the name from Old English.
Amon Gwareth
Amon Gwareth
Amon Gwareth is Sindarin. It has meant "Hill of Watching", from amon "hill" and gwareth "watching", since its first conception. Christopher Tolkien wrote that his father later changed the name to Amon Gwared but this change did not make it into the published Silmarillion.
Aredhel
Aredhel
Haldir
Haldir
Mount Doom
Mount Doom
Mount Doom is the Common Speech translation of Amon Amarth in Gondor. The name was given because the volcano was linked in ancient and little-understood prophecies with the final end of the Third Age, when the One Ring was found again.
adlanna
slope
(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.
aphadon
follower
(pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath
ar
noble
(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
arphen
noble
pl. erphin
brand
lofty
(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
noble
(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
daedhelos
great fear/dread
(i** naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i** ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.
dolen
secret
(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
misty
(dark, dusky, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in Sindarin.
dôl
head
(i dhôl, construct dol) (hill), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained).****
escal
veil
(screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
screen
(veil, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
gwêdh
chain
(i ’wêdh, construct gwedh), pl. gwîdh (in gwîdh), 3) (ditto) nûd (construct nud, pl. nuid). 4) (the ”bond” of friendship) gwend (i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
hall
veiled
(hidden, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”.
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hall
exalted
(high); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hathel
broadsword blade
(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch)
helf
fur, fur coat
(i chelf, o chelf), pl. hilf (i chilf), coll. pl. helvath
helf
coat
(i chelf, o chelf), pl. hilf (i chilf), coll. pl. helvath
hell
naked
(lenited chell; pl. hill)
hend
eye
(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
herth
troop
(i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth).
herth
household
(i cherth, o cherth) (troop under a hîr = lord), pl. hirth (i chirth)
hest
captain
(i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)
hethu
obscure
(foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hethu
foggy
(obscure, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH).
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîr
lord
(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)
hîr
master
(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)
lîn
pool
(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
lake
(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).
magol
sword
(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.
megil
sword
(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
methed
end
(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.
methen
end
(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)
mith
wet mist
(i vith) (white fog), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”. ✱
mith
grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mîr
jewel
(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
narn
tale
(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).
or
above
(over, high)
pent
story
(i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.
raud
noble
(eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
roval
great wing
(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail); this is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.
silevril
silmaril
(i Hilevril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Silevril), coll. pl. Silevrillath. See also
sirion
Sirion
Sirion is a Sindarin/Noldorin name which contains the element sîr. Depending on the meaning of the second element, the name could either mean "great river" or "land of waters" (-ion as augmentative suffix or archaic plural genitive suffix). Its name in Khuzdul was Gabilān, with the element Gabil - "Great".
sirion
great river
(i** hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i** siryn).
sîr
river
(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.
sîr
rill
(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.
taur
vast
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
lofty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
mighty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
great wood
(i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.
telu
dome
(i delu, o thelu) (high roof), pl. tely (i thely)
thoren
guarded
(fenced, hidden), pl. thorin
thurin
secret
(hidden); no distinct pl. form
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tirion
great watchtower
(i** dirion, o thirion), pl. tiryn (i** thiryn).
toss
low-growing tree
(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see
uanui
monstrous
(hideous); no distinct pl. form
hîth
mist
hîth (i chîth) (fog), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth).
hîw
sticky
hîw (viscous), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
hîw
viscous
hîw (sticky), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
hîth
mist
(i chîth) (fog), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth).
hîth
fog
(i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth)
hîw
sticky
(viscous), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
hîw
viscous
(sticky), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
arod
adjective. noble
e
pronoun. he
glaer
noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song
gwîn
noun. youth
herdir
noun. master
hîr
noun. lord, master
mithren
adjective. grey
narn
noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga
oel
adjective. cool
orchal
adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty
ui
adverb. ever
nich
noun. frost
lain
noun. thread
adar
father
adar (pl. edair);
ael
pool
1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
aras
deer
aras (pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)
arth
exalted
1) arth (lofty, noble), pl. erth;
baradh
steep
baradh (pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
blab
beat
1) blab- (i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp, 2) dringa- (i dhringa, in dringar).
bronadui
enduring
bronadui (lasting). Lenited vronadui. No distinct pl. form.
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
cam
hand
1) cam (i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath; 2) mâb (i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib). 3) Archaic †maw (i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 4) (fist) dond (i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
caw
top
caw (i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
ceven
earth
1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.
cuil
life
cuil (i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
duin
river
(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
eria
rise
eria- (arise) (i eria, in eriar), pa.t. erias (VT46:7)
galadh
tree
1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
goe
great fear
goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
gwaedh
bond
1) (a ”bond” of loyalty) gwaedh (i **waedh) (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh**), 2) _(apparently referring to physical ”bonds”, cf.
gwathra
veil
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwathra
obscure
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwathra
dim
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (overshadow, veil, obscure)
gwathren
dim
(adj.) gwathren (shadowy), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
haltha
screen
(verb) haltha- (i chaltha, i chalthar);
he
she
he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
iôn
son
iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF
lain
thread
(noun) lain; no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”free, freed”.
le
thou
le (attested as dative ”to thee”; possibly also used as nominative/accusative, though an accusative *len ”thee” may be theorized to exist). Genitive lín ”thy”.
loeg
pool
loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
mîn
towering
mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
noss
family
noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (clan, house), also nost (pl. nyst) (house) (PM:360) or nothrim (house) with no distinct pl. form (PM:360). Also bâr (dwelling, house, home; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). The element appears in the forms -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
or
above
(prep.) or (om), with article erin ”above the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.
orthor
master
(vb.) orthor (i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
pada
walk
(on a track or path) pada- (i bada, i phadar)
pada
walk
(on a track or path) pada- (i bada, i phadar)
pathra
fill
pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
pelin
fading
(noun) 3) *pelin (i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.
pôd
foot
(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).
riel
princess
#riel (garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.
ring
cold
(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),
saer
bitter
saer (lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).
sí
here
sí
thalion
steadfast
thalion (dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
toba
cover
toba- (i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
toll
island
toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
tond
tall
1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.
trenarn
account
trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (tale), pl. trenern (i threnern)
tâl
foot
(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
ui
ever
ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
îdh
rest
_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),
(h)law
noun. flood
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-en
suffix. my
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
-wen
suffix. their
_3rd pl. poss. suff. their.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ent_. >> -ent
Amon Hen
Amon Hen
topon. >> amon
Amon Lhaw
Amon Lhaw
Amroth
noun. Amroth
prop. n.
Dol Guldur
Dol Guldur
Dorlomin
a name in a dialect of the North
topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Dorloven.
Góndolind
a name in a dialect of the North
topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Gonnólen. Maybe acute accent in the two names was only used in order to mark pronunciation.
Haldir
noun. Haldir
prop. n.
Menel
noun. the heavens
_n. _the heavens, the apparent dome of the sky. Probably a Quenya word introduced into Sindarin. It was a 'pictorial' word, as the lore of the Eldar and the Númenoreans know much astronomy.
adar
noun. father
adar
noun. father
The Sindarin word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; VT44/21-22; VT48/19).
Conceptual Development: N. adar “father” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, however, G. †ador “father” was marked as archaic, and it seems {athon >>} G. nathon was the ordinary word for ”father” (GL/17, 59).
adlanna-
verb. to slope, slant
ael
noun. lake, pool, mere
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
aras
noun. deer
arod
adjective. tall
_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.
arod
adjective. noble
arod
noble
1b _adj._noble. >> raud
arod
adjective. noble
adj. #noble.
arod
adjective. noble
d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud
arphen
noun. a noble
arth
adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)
atheg
noun. "litte father"
belaith
adjective. mighty
adj. mighty. Q. melehta.
belaith
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.
brann
towering
_ adj. _towering, tall and massive. >> brand
cam
noun. hand
camm
noun. hand
ceven
noun. Earth
ci
thou
{k} _pron. _thou. Lenited in _gī _as in mae g(ī)' ovannen 'well [art] you met'.
ci
pronoun. thou
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
conath
noun. many voices
conath
noun. lamentation
de
pronoun. you
dol
noun. head
duin
noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
ennorath
noun. central lands, middle-earth
flâd
noun. skin
flâd
noun. skin
A word for “skin” (or possibly “bark”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).
fân
noun. veil
galadh
noun. tree
glim
noun. voice, voice, *utterance
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
gwinig
noun. "litte baby"
gwîn
noun. youth
n. youth. Q. víne. >> gwein
hand
noun. [unglossed]
hen
noun. eye
hend
noun. eye
heneb
adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes
henn
noun. eye
herdir
noun. master
heruin
noun. lady
heruin
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
hethu
adjective. foggy, obscure, vague
hlô
noun. flood
n. flood.
hîr
noun. master, lord
hîth
noun. mist, fog
hûl
noun. secret
A noun for “secret” of unclear derivation, appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136).
ion
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ion
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ionnath
noun. all the sons
iôn
noun. son
lamath
noun. echoing voices
lanc
noun. naked
lhê
noun. fine thread, spider filament
loeg
noun. pool
loeg
noun. pool
lum
noun. shade
lîn
noun. pool
lô
flood
n. flood.
lô
noun. shallow lake, fenland
mab-
noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)
madu
?. [unglossed]
maer
adjective. excellent
malhorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mallorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
malthorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
maud
?. [unglossed]
maw
noun. hand
medui
adjective. end
adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.
megil
noun. sword
megil
noun. sword
_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.
methed
noun. end
mith
adjective. (pale) grey
mith
grey
adj. grey, light grey. >> Mithrandir, mithril
mithren
adjective. grey
moth
noun. dusk
mâb
noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)
mírdan
noun. jewel-smith
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
narn
noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung
nín
pronoun. my
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
orn
noun. (any large) tree
orod
mount
pl1. ered or eryd** ** n. mount, mountain. Q. oro, orto.
oron
noun. tree
n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn
pad-
walk
_ v. _walk, step. Q. pata-. >> Tharbad
pada-
verb. to walk
padra-
walk
_ v. _walk. >> pad-
panna-
verb. to fill
paran
adjective. naked
parch
adjective. naked
_ adj. _naked, of persons. Q. parka.
peleth
noun. fading, withering
pend
slope
penn
slope
pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend
raud
lofty
raud
excellent
_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.
rim
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
ring
adjective. cold
send
noun. (?) rest
senn
noun. (?) rest
sennas
noun. guesthouse
si
adverb. now
sirion
noun. the great river
sîr (“river”) + on (augmentative suffix) #Another possible interpretation: “the land of the waters” where ion is archaic pl. genitive suffix.
sí
adverb. here
sí
adverb. here
adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually 'now').
sí(r)
adverb. now
sî
adverb. here
sîr
noun. river
sîr
adverb. now
taer
lofty
adj. lofty. Q. tāra.
thorn
adjective. steadfast
adj. steadfast. Q. thorna, sorna. >> Arathorn
thorn
adjective. steadfast
thî
adverb. now
tirnen
noun. guarded
tirnen
adjective. guarded
tol
noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river
tûr
noun. master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master
ui-
prefix. ever
îdh
noun. rest, repose
Ēd
noun. Rest
Dor. Rest
ada
father
(pl. edai)
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
adanadar
father of men
normally pl. Edenedair "Fathers of Men", the early Edain.
adar
father
(pl. edair);
aearon
great ocean
also Gaearon (i** ’Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i** Ngaearyn = *i Ñaearyn). Also short form Gaeron (i** ‘Aeron), pl. Gaeryn (i** Ngaeryn = i Ñaeryn*). Coll. pl. Gaearonnath, Gaeronnath.
ael
pool
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
ael
lake
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
amar
earth
(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair
aphada
follow
(i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)
aras
deer
(pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)
ardhon
great province
(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.
arn
noble
(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.
arth
lofty
(noble, exalted), pl. erth
arth
exalted
(lofty, noble), pl. erth
arwen
noble woman
(pl. erwin).****
auth
dim shape
(spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".
baradh
steep
(pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
bassoneth
lady
(bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic ✱bassauneth.
beleg
mighty
(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig
blab
beat
(i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp
both
small pool
(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
brannon
lord
(i** vrannon), pl. brennyn (i** mrennyn), coll. pl. brannonnath
brennil
lady
(i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath.
bronadui
enduring
(lasting). Lenited vronadui. No distinct pl. form.
byr
follower
). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
bâd
beaten track
(pathway) (i vâd, construct bad), pl. baid (i maid)
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
earth
(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
cae
noun. earth
cae
earth
(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also
cam
hand
(i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath
camlann
of the hand
(i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain).
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
caw
top
(i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
celon
river
(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)
ceven
earth
(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)
crûm
left hand
(i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also ✱hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR).
cuil
life
(i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
dond
hand
(i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).
dringa
beat
(i dhringa, in dringar).
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.
dî
lady
(i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
e
he
(SD:128-31)
edhellen
elvish
(of language apparently = ”Sindarin”), pl. edhellin****
ennor
place name. central land, middle-earth
eria
rise
(arise) (i eria, in eriar), pa.t. **erias **(VT46:7)
escal
cover
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
firith
season of fading
(no distinct pl. form).
forgam
right-handed
(pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
fuir
right hand
pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).
fân
veil
(cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
galadh
tree
(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).
galadhon
of or related to trees
(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien). Adj.
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
golovir
noldo-jewel
(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
gond
great stone
(i ’ond, construct gon) (rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gwaedh
bond
(i ’waedh) (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh)
gwaith
troop of able-bodied men
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)
gwathra
veil
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwathra
obscure
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwathra
dim
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (overshadow, veil, obscure)
gwathren
dim
(shadowy), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gwâth
dim light
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261);
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
haltha
screen
(i chaltha, i chalthar);
he
she
hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
hel-
verb. to freeze
hell
9j¸$ noun. frost
heneb
eyed
(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)
herdir
master
(i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or ✱”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath.
heron
lord
(i cheron, o cheron) (master), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath** (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn** ”lady”, other words for ”lord” may be preferred.
heron
master
(i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred.
heryn
lady
(i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn)
hothron
noun. captain
huorn
walking tree of fangorn
(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).
hída-
verb. to (come to) pass, happen
A neologism coined by Elaran and posted on 2018-01-26 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a verb based on the root √SKEY “pass”, where [[os|ancient [ei] became [ī]]].
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
iond
wj
pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath.
iôn
son
(-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373*
lae
great number
(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
lain
thread
; no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”free, freed”.
lanc
naked
(pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
lanc
sudden end
(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.
lang
sword
(cutlass), pl. leng.
le
thou
(attested as dative ”to thee”; possibly also used as nominative/accusative, though an accusative ✱len ”thee” may be theorized to exist). Genitive lín ”thy”.
lebethron
oak tree
.
lind
river
”singer” may also be used of rivers (see
loeg
pool
(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
lô
shallow lake
(fenland), pl. lŷ.
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
manadh
final end
(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).
maw
hand
(i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6)
meth
end
(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.
mirion
great jewel
(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mithren
grey
(lenited vithren, pl. mithrin).
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
mâb
hand
(i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib).
mírdan
jewel-smith
(i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)
míriel
jewel-like
(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)
mîn
towering
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
nara
story
(i nara, in narar).
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
noss
family
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (clan, house), also nost (pl. nyst) (house) (PM:360) or nothrim (house) with no distinct pl. form (PM:360). Also bâr (dwelling, house, home; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). The element appears in the forms -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothlir
family tree
(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
nothlir
family line, family tree
(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nuitha
not allow to continue
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stop short; stunt) (WJ:413)
nên
lake
(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
nîth
youth
(construct nith; no distinct pl. form)
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
orchall
lofty
(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)
orn
tall
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.
orn
tree
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
orthel
screen above
(i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (to roof)
orthor
master
(i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
pathra
fill
(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
pelin
fading
(i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.
pôd
foot
(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
riel
princess
(garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.
rim
cold pool or lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
rim
cold pool/lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
ring
cold
(no distinct pl. form)
saer
bitter
(lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).
sein
adjective. usual
@@@ should perhaps be sain
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
sí
here
tele
end
(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).
telluin
sole of the foot
(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *
thalion
steadfast
(dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thamas
great hall
pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath.
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
toba
cover
(i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
toll
island
(i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
tond
adjective. tall
tond
tall
(lenited dond; pl. tynd)
tovn
adjective. lowlying, deep, low
trenarn
account
(i drenarn, o threnarn) (tale), pl. trenern (i threnern)
tâl
foot
(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
tûr
lord
(i** dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, victor), pl. tuir (i** thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
master
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
master, mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
ui
ever
(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
wen
maiden
in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
îdh
rest
(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
û
noun. voice
ýl-
verb. to drink
_ adv. _now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'.