hall

adjective. exalted, high

hall

adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady

hall

adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” derived from the primitive ᴹ✶skalnā > ON. skhalla under the root ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide (from light), overshadow” (Ety/SKAL¹).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. halda “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹

Derivations

• On. skhalla “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
  • ᴹ✶skalnā “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
  • ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide (from light), overshadow” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹; EtyAC/SKAL³

Element in

• N. Haldir “Hidden Hero” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• S. Haldir

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. skhalla > hall	[sxalla] > [xalla] > [xall] > [hall]	✧ Ety/SKAL¹

Variations

• hall ✧ Ety/SKAL¹

hall

adjective. exalted, high

Derivations

• On. khalla “noble, exalted” ✧ Ety/KHAL²
  • ᴹ✶khalnā “noble, exalted” ✧ Ety/KHAL²
  • ᴹ√KHAL “uplift, erect, lift from ground, (make) stand up” ✧ Ety/KHAL²

Element in

• S. Halbarad
• ᴺS. hallas “height”
• S. orchal “tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty”
• N. orchal “superior, eminent, lofty”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. khalla > hall	[xalla] > [xall] > [hall]	✧ Ety/KHAL²

Variations

• hall ✧ Ety/KHAL²

tham

noun. hall

tham

noun. hall

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sambe “room, chamber” ✧ Ety/STAB

Derivations

• ᴹ✶stambē “room, chamber” ✧ Ety/STAB
  • ᴹ√STAB “*wood” ✧ Ety/STAB

Element in

• N. thamas “great hall” ✧ Ety/STAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶stambē > thamb > tham	[stambē] > [stambe] > [sθambe] > [θambe] > [θamb] > [θamb] > [θamm] > [θam]	✧ Ety/STAB

thamb

noun. hall

hell

adjective. naked

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

Changes

• hall → hell “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

• ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• ᴹQ. halla “naked” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivations

• On. skhella “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ✶skelnā “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. skhella > hell	[sxella] > [xella] > [xell] > [hell]	✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalla > hall	[sxalla] > [xalla] > [xall] > [hall]	✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

• hell ✧ Ety/SKEL
• hall ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (hall)

thamas

noun. great hall

thambas

noun. great hall

lhumren

adjective. shady

lhumren

noun. shady

A word appearing as N. lhumren “shady” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an adjective form of N. lhum “shade” (Ety/LUM).

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was G. lómin “shady, shadowy, gloomy; gloom(iness)” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the adjective form of G. lôm “gloom, shade” (GL/54). A similar word G. lumbrin or lumba “overcast” was an adjective based on G. lum “a cloud” (GL/55).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the root √LUM “shadow, darkness” survived in later writings (PE17/168), I think N. lhumren “shady” can be salvaged, though if adapted to Neo-Sindarin it would need to become ᴺS. lumren as suggested in HSD (HSD). Given the later use of Q. lumbo for “(dark) cloud”, I think the sense “overcast” from Gnomish lumbrin can be salvaged as well.

car

noun. house, building

car(dh)

noun. house, house, *construction, structure

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kar “building, house” ✧ Ety/KAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KAR > carð	[karda] > [kard] > [karð]	✧ Ety/KAR

Variations

• car ✧ Ety/KAR
• carð ✧ Ety/KAR

cardh

noun. house, building

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town