ach

noun. neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). 'geographical' form achad. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fachad

ach

noun. neck, neck, *(upper) spine

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive aks based on the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92), where the ks became ch (IPA [x]). Tolkien specified that it was “referring properly only to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat)”, so a more accurate translation might be “✱(upper) spine”. A more ordinary word for “neck” as a passage from mouth to the stomach and lungs would be lang.

Cognates

• Q. axë “neck (vertebrae), rock ridge, neck [vertebrae], *(upper) spine; rock ridge” ✧ PE17/092

Derivations

• √AKAS “neck, ridge” ✧ PE17/092

Element in

• S. achad “rock ridge, neck (geographically)” ✧ PE17/092
• S. Anach “?Long Neck”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√AKAS > aks > ach	[akse] > [axxe] > [axx] > [ax]	✧ PE17/092

Variations

• ach ✧ PE17/092

ach

conjunction. *but

Element in

• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/15

Variations

• ach ✧ VT50/15

achad

noun. neck (properly referring only to the bony vertebral part not including the throat)

achad

neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). This is a 'geographical' form, S. ach. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fach, AchadTarlang

lanthir

noun. waterfall

lanthir

noun. waterfall

A word for “waterfall” in the name S. Lanthir Lamath “Waterfall of Echoing Voices” (S/235; PM/349). It is probably a combination of the variant root √LAT “fall” (more typically √DAT) and S. sîr “river”, hence “✱falling river”.

Cognates

• ᴺQ. lantasírë “waterfall, (lit.) falling river”

Element in

• S. Lanthir Lamath “Waterfall of Echoing Voices” ✧ PM/349

Elements

Word	Gloss
LAT	“fall (to the ground)”
sîr	“river, stream”

Variations

• Lanthir ✧ PM/349

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

ach

noun. bone

Cognates

• Q. axo “bone”

lanc

neck

(throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

iaeth

neck

1) iaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) lanc (throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

iaeth

neck

; no distinct pl. form.

lanthir

waterfall

lanthir (no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lanthir

waterfall

lanthir (no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.