Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

am

root. mother

Derivatives

  • Ilk. aman “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
  • ᴹ✶amī̆l “mother”
    • ᴹQ. amil “mother”
    • N. emil “mother”
  • ᴹQ. amil “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
  • ᴹQ. amme “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
  • N. emil “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. up

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶amba- ✧ Ety/AM²
    • ᴹQ. amba “up(wards)” ✧ Ety/AM²
    • ᴹQ. ambon “upward slope, hill-side” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • ᴹQ. am- “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • ᴹQ. amba “up(wards)” ✧ Ety/UNU
  • ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • N. am “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • N. amon “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ampende “upward slope” ✧ Ety/PEN
  • N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/PEN
  • N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Variations

  • AM ✧ Ety/NDŪ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM²; Ety/NDŪ; Ety/PEN; Ety/UNU] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

root. intensive prefix

An “intensive” root addition described by Tolkien in The Etymologies from the 1930s (EtyAC/A). It was one of two basic intensive mechanisms, along with the (syllabic) prefixed N- (EtyAC/N). The prefixed vowel a- seems to have been used originally in Primitive Elvish when the base vowel was a, and similarly with E and I (EtyAC/E; Ety/I²); whether this was also true of the vowels o, u is unclear, as Tolkien didn’t mention them. These various vocalic intensifications were frequently accompanied by dynamic lengthening (doubling), with the example given by Tolkien being: ᴹ✶parkā “dry” → ᴹ✶apparkā “very dry, arid” (> N. afarch).

In the case of e- and i-, the examples were dero, dise → ᴹ✶Endero, ᴹ✶Indise “groom, bride”; these examples indicate that other kinds of consonant fortifications were possible, in this case nasalization of stops, which often replaced consonant-doubling for voiced stops in Primitive Elvish.

Specifically in the case of a-, however, it seems it could be used as a general intensive that “was distinct in origin, though similar in function, to the prefixed basic vowel”. Why this was true of a- alone is not clear, but there seems to have been some complex interplay between the vocalic intensives and the intensives derived from syllabic initial ṇ-, with the net result that the intensive prefix in Q. became an-, am-, añ-, depending on the initial consonant.

See the entry on the Quenya comparative for a more detailed discussion of the conceptual development of intensives in Eldarin.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶a- “complete” ✧ EtyAC/TALÁT
  • ᴹ✶a- ✧ EtyAC/N
    • N. a- “intensive prefix” ✧ EtyAC/N
  • ᴹQ. an- “intensive prefix” ✧ EtyAC/A

Element in

  • ᴹ✶angosse “horror” ✧ EtyAC/GOS
  • ᴹ✶oññol- “strong smell” ✧ EtyAC/A
  • ᴹ✶parkā “dry” ✧ EtyAC/A

Variations

  • a ✧ EtyAC/GOS
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/A; EtyAC/GOS; EtyAC/N; EtyAC/TALÁT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amī̆l

noun. mother

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AM “mother”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. amil “mother”
  • N. emil “mother”
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amƀus

noun. breast

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ambor “breast, breast, *chest” ✧ PE21/33

Variations

  • amƀus- ✧ PE21/33
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e

root. intensive prefix

Element in

  • ᴹ✶Endero “(?virile) young bridegroom” ✧ EtyAC/E
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/E] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eʒ-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “be”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ea- “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122

Variations

  • eʒe ✧ PE22/122
  • eñe ✧ PE22/122
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/122] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

root. intensive prefix

Element in

  • ᴹ✶Indise “bride” ✧ Ety/I²
  • ᴹ✶Ithil “moon” ✧ Ety/I²

Variations

  • I ✧ Ety/I²; EtyAC/I²
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/I²; EtyAC/I²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root. to be

Changes

  • YEĒ “to be” ✧ PE22/122

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ye- “to be” ✧ PE22/123
  • ᴹQ. -ie “stative suffix” ✧ EtyAC/YĒ

Variations

  • Ī ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
  • I ✧ PE18/060
  • YE ✧ PE18/084 (YE); PE22/123 (YE)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/YĒ; PE18/060; PE18/084; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ē

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by