Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

hen

noun. eye

Cognates

  • Eq. hen “eye” ✧ GL/48

Derivations

Element in

  • G. hent “eyesight” ✧ GL/48
  • G. glonthen “dandelion, (lit.) eye of the day” ✧ GL/40
Gnomish [GG/10; GL/40; GL/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porogwil

noun. hen

The word G. porogwil appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a combination of G. porog “fowl (domestic)” and G. uil “hen” (GL/64, 74).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. porochuil for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, updating the second element to the neologism ᴺS. huil “hen”. The longer form is better distinguished from ᴺS. huil “bitch, female dog”.

Variations

  • porog-wil ✧ GL/74
Gnomish [GL/64; GL/74] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uil

noun. hen

The word G. uil “hen” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/74), almost certainly a cognate of ᴱQ. oi “bird, hen” which Tolkien considered deriving from ᴱ√OHO “cry” (QL/69). In Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, Tolkien had the primitive word ✶kholjē “hen” derived from the root √KHOL “crow, cry aloud” (PE21/82), which may be a later iteration of this Gnomish uil “hen” word.

Neo-Sindarin: Based on the above, Gábor Lőrinczi proposed a neologism ᴺS. hŷl “hen” as recorded in the VQP (VQP). However, my analysis of Sindarin phonology indicates that ᴺS. huil is the more likely result ✶kholjē: compare thuil and thuin plurals of thôn and thôl, and possibly also ruin < ✱runyā and fuir < ✱forya. For further details see the entry on how [[s|final [i] intruded into preceding syllable]] in Sindarin.

In any case, I recommend ᴺS. huil for “hen” in Neo-Sindarin, or its more elaborate form ᴺS. porochuil.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OHO “*egg”

Element in

sitha

adjective. this

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” ✧ GL/68

aigli

noun. bird

Cognates

  • Eq. aiwe “bird” ✧ GL/17

Derivations

  • ᴱ√AYA ✧ GL/17
Gnomish [GL/17; GL/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bil

noun. bird

A word for “bird” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing next to G. bilinc “sparrow”, but this word was deleted and the gloss for bilinc was expanded to “a small bird, especially sparrow” (GL/22-23). The form bil appeared in a couple other places in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/23, 31), but seems to represent a “root” rather than a word. Tolkien indicated bil was derived from ᴱ✶du̯il (GL/31), but the exact mechanism whereby du̯- became b- isn’t clear, but a similar change is seen in 1920s ᴱ✶du̯ag- > ᴱT. baga- “beat” and ᴱ✶tu̯ak- > ᴱQ. pak- “apply, attach” (PE14/66).

Changes

  • bilbilin “bird” ✧ GL/22

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air” ✧ GL/22
  • ᴱ✶du(w)il “*bird” ✧ GL/31

Element in

  • G. bilin(c) “small bird, sparrow”
  • G. glindwil “swallow” ✧ GL/39
  • G. biltha- “to flutter, flit” ✧ GL/23

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√bīl- > bil[βil] > [bil]✧ GL/22
ᴱ✶du̯il > bil[dwil] > [bil]✧ GL/31
Gnomish [GL/23; GL/31; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by