yulma

brand

yulma (2) noun "brand" (YUL). May have been obsoleted by # 1 above.

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

farnë

dwelling

#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)

halda

adjective. high, tall

marda

dwelling

marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

tereva

fine, acute

tereva adj. "fine, acute" (TER/TERES), "piercing"_ (LT1:255; though glossed "fine, acute" in the Etymologies, the stem _TER is defined as "pierce")

tá

high

tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Cognates

• S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

• Q. Alatar
• Q. Annatar “Lord of Gifts” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Arantar “*High King”
• Q. Tar Calimos “*Royal Bright City”
• Q. Hyarantar “?Southern Height”
• Q. Sorontar “King of Eagles”
• Q. Taniquetil “High White Peak”
• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarannon
• Q. Tarcil “High Man, Númenórean”
• Q. Tarciryan
• Q. Tareldar “High-elves”
• Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148
• Q. tári “queen, queen, [ᴱQ.] mistress, lady” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarindor “*High minded one”
• Q. tarma “pillar” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarmenel “High Heaven”
• Q. tarminas “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower”
• ᴺQ. tarolwen “sceptre, (lit.) royal branch”
• Q. Tarondor “?King of Stones”
• Q. Tarostar “?King of the Lands”
• Q. Tarquesta “High Speech, High Language”
• Q. Tarumbar “King of the World”
• S. Tarmund “Noble Bull”

Variations

• tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

brand

towering; tall and massive

1 _ adj. _towering; tall and massive. >> brann

brand

adjective. towering; tall and massive, towering, tall and massive, [N.] high; lofty, noble, fine

Cognates

• Q. varanda “sublime” ✧ PE17/023

Derivations

• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• S. Brandir “*Noble Man”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BARAT > brand	[barándā] > [branda] > [branda] > [brand]	✧ PE17/022

Variations

• brand ✧ PE17/022; PE17/023; PE17/061
• brann ✧ PE17/022; PE17/023; PE17/061

brand

noun. steeple

_n. _steeple. >> brann

brand

noun. steeple

Derivations

• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• S. Tol Brandir “Tindrock, (lit.) Isle of the Great Steeples” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/061

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BARAT > brand	[barántē] > [barándē] > [brandē] > [brande] > [brand]	✧ PE17/022

Variations

• brand ✧ PE17/022; PE17/061

ylf

noun. brand

The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

brann

towering

_ adj. _towering, tall and massive. >> brand

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

bar

noun. dwelling, home

bar

noun. inhabited land

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

arod

adjective. noble

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

• Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
• T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
• √ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

• S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
• S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
• S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
• S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶arātā > arod	[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]	✧ PM/363

lhind

adjective. fine, slender

arphen

noun. a noble

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• S. Targon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tagra > taer	[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ PE17/186

brand

fine

1) brand (high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 2) trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender) , 3) *lhind (slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.

brand

fine

(high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

brand

tall)

_ 1) brand (lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind. 2) hall (exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”. 3) raud (eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

ylf

brand

*ylf (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ylvath). (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” iolf.) A homophone means ”drinking vessel”.

ylf

brand

(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ylvath). (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” iolf.) A homophone means ”drinking vessel”.

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

rond

hall with vaulted roof

(construct ron) (cave, cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

bâr

dwelling

bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

dwelling

(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

lhind

fine

(slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

grôd

underground dwelling

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

rhûd

dwelling underground

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.

rhûd

rockhewn hall

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365);

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

mîn

towering

mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

mîn

towering

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

thamas

great hall

pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath;

lhê

fine thread

(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

tham

hall

tham, pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;

tham

hall

pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;

trîw

fine

(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender)

dôr

dwelling place

(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).

gobel

enclosed dwelling

(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Older ters (VT46:18).

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

• S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• T. aráto “*noble”

Variations

• arāta ✧ PM/363

tāra

adjective. high

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

• ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilte “High White Peak” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tārī “queen, (lit.) she that is high” ✧ PE17/067

Variations

• tār(a) ✧ PE17/186

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. tā “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. dâ “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. dâ/ᴱQ. tá “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > TĀ “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √TĀ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶mā was the basis for “hand” words.

Derivatives

• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tāra “high”
• Q. -tar “honorific”
• Q. tar “honorific, sir, madam”
• Q. tar- “high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
• S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186

Variations

• TAG/Tā- ✧ PE17/186
• TAƷ ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE19/073 (TAƷ)
• TĀ ✧ PE19/073 (TĀ)

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brand

adjective. high (in size)

iolf

noun. brand

The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

iolf

noun. brand

A noun for “brand” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” (Ety/YUL). The form iolv was written next to it, probably indicating pronunciation (EtyAC/YUL). It was marked ON. but should probably be N. as suggested by Hostetter and Wynne (EtyAC/YUL).

Neo-Quenya: This word would become ✱ylf if adapted directly to Neo-Sindarin, but that conflicts with S. ylf “drinking-vessel” (WJ/416). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would adapt the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” as the Neo-Root ᴺ√YOL, which would allow the retention of this Noldorin word unchanged since it could be derived from ✱yolmā instead.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. yulma “brand” ✧ Ety/YUL

Derivations

• ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” ✧ Ety/YUL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YUL > iolf	[julma] > [jolma] > [jolm] > [jolv]	✧ Ety/YUL

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brann

adjective. high (in size)

thlind

adjective. fine, slender

thamas

noun. great hall

thambas

noun. great hall

tham

noun. hall

tham

noun. hall

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sambe “room, chamber” ✧ Ety/STAB

Derivations

• ᴹ✶stambē “room, chamber” ✧ Ety/STAB
  • ᴹ√STAB “*wood” ✧ Ety/STAB

Element in

• N. thamas “great hall” ✧ Ety/STAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶stambē > thamb > tham	[stambē] > [stambe] > [sθambe] > [θambe] > [θamb] > [θamb] > [θamm] > [θam]	✧ Ety/STAB

thamb

noun. hall

thlinn

adjective. fine, slender

trîw

adjective. fine, slender