haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

haudh

noun. heap

Dor. heap, piled mound

haudh

noun. funeral mound

funeral mound

haudh

mound in sward

{ð} n. mound in sward.

haudh

noun. (funeral) mound, grave; heap, piled mound, (funeral) mound, grave, [N.] tomb; [orig.] †heap, piled mound

A word appearing in numerous names, usually translated “mound” or “funeral mound”. In revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) made around 1959, Tolkien described its origin as follows:

> √KHAB- “heap up, pile up”: khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”: S haudh, funeral mound ... The sense “funeral mound, especially one in which weapons and other valuables were also buried” shows probably that haudh is also derived from the (perhaps ultimately related) √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store”; with extension ✱KHAWAD “store, hoard” (PE19/91).

Here the ancient combination of stops in ✶khabdā developed as usual in Sindarin: abd became auð, and indeed it was the main example of this development.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word N. hauð “mound, grave, tomb” was derived from ᴹ✶khagda “pile, mound” under the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG); in that document the sense “grave” was likewise due to the influence of ᴹ√KHAW, though in The Etymologies this root was glossed “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW). This word also appeared in the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ✶khagdā, but there its form was haeð (PE19/45), reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the phonetic developments of agd and whether it became auð or aið > aeð.

In the Outline of Phonology (OP2) as first composed in the early 1950s, Tolkien initially retained the derivation from ✶khagdā as in The Etymologies (PE19/91-92 note #110). But he eventually decided that agd > aið > aeð, at which point he needed a new etymology for haudh “funeral mound”, so he changed √KHAG “pile up” to √KHAB.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the circa-1959 derivation from √KHAB given above, with the caveat that I’d limit the sense “lay in store” to the extended root √KHAWAD, to allow the retention of various useful words derived from 1930s ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”. I’d limit haudh to mounds associated with death (as well as tombs in general); for “mound” in the ordinary sense I would used [ᴺS.] tund.

Changes

• haeð → hauð ✧ PE19/092

Cognates

• Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap” ✧ PE19/092

Derivations

• ✶khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound” ✧ PE19/091
  • √KHAB “heap up, pile up” ✧ PE19/091
• √KHAWAD “store, hoard, store, hoard; *lay in store” ✧ PE19/091
• ✶khagdā “piled mound, heap” ✧ PE19/092
  • √KHAG “pile up” ✧ PE19/092
• √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store, [ᴹ√] rest, lie at ease; [√] cover up, hide away, lay in store” ✧ PE19/092

Element in

• S. Haudh-en-Arwen “Ladybarrow” ✧ SA/haudh
• S. Haudh-en-Elleth “Mound of the Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; S/216; SA/haudh
• S. Haudh-en-Ellas ✧ PE17/097
• S. Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain”
• S. Haudh-en-Nirnaeth “Mound of Tears” ✧ S/197
• S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khabdā > haudh	[kʰabdā] > [kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/091
√KHAWAD > haudh	[kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/091
√KHAW > hauð	[kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/092

Variations

• Haudh ✧ LotR/1054; S/197; S/216
• hauð ✧ PE17/097; PE17/116; PE17/141; PE19/092 (hauð); PE19/092 (hauð)
• haeð ✧ PE19/092 (haeð)

gorthad

noun. barrow

sarch

noun. grave

sarch

noun. grave

A word for “grave” in the phrase Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” (UT/140). Its etymology isn’t clear, but it might be related to sarn “stone” as in [N.] sarnas “cairn” (LR/406).

Element in

• S. Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” ✧ UT/140

Variations

• Sarch ✧ UT/140

torn

burial mound

pl1. tyrn n. burial mound. >> Tyrn Gorthad

torn

noun. burial mound

A word appearing in its plural form in Tyrn Gorthad “Barrow-downs” in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1040). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien translated torn as “burial mound” and the second element gorthad as “wraith, spirit of Dead” (PE17/116).

In notes on Sindarin genitives from around 1967 Tolkien had a nasal-mutated form Thor in the phrase i·m(b)air en Thor “the houses of the Dead” with unmutated Tor or Taur in the margin, but Tolkien revised this to i·m(b)air en N(d)engin “the houses of the Slain” (PE17/116). Christopher Gilson pointed out that this Tor/Taur might be connected to torn “burial mound”. It may be that Tolkien was uncertain which element of Tyrn Gorthad referred to the mounds, and which referred to the dead inside the mounds. He may also have felt constrained by the fact that tyrn was likely plural but gorthad was clearly singular.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, it is probably easiest to assume torn means “burial mound” and gorthad means “wraith”.

Element in

• S. Tyrn Gorthad “Barrow-downs” ✧ PE17/116

Variations

• Torn ✧ PE17/116

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

haudh

grave

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

tomb

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, grave), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

tomb

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, grave), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

barrow

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

haudh

The word haudh derives from Common Eldarin khabdā ("pile, (artificial) mound"), itself deriving from root KHAB ("heap up, pile up"). Since haudh also carried a connotation of a funeral mound "in which weapons and other valuables were also buried", the word shows an apparent influence from root KHAW ("cover up, hide away, lay in store").

haudh

burial mound

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

burial mound

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

gorthad

barrow

1) gorthad (i ngorthad = i ñorthad, o n**gorthad = o ñgorthad), pl. gerthaid (in gerthaid = i ñgerthaid). The literal meaning may be ”place of the dead”: gorth ”dead” + sâd, -had ”place”. Archaic pl. ”goerthaid” = görthaid (PM:194), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath**

gorthad

barrow

(i ngorthad = i ñorthad, o n’gorthad = o ñgorthad), pl. gerthaid (in gerthaid = i ñgerthaid). The literal meaning may be ”place of the dead”: gorth ”dead” + sâd, -had ”place”. Archaic pl. ”goerthaid” = görthaid (PM:194)

cûm

heap

1) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim). 2) ovras (crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

cûm

heap

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim).

ovras

heap

(crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

coron

mound

1) coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn), 2) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

coron

mound

(i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

cûm

mound

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

sarch

grave

(noun) 1) sarch (i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

sarch

grave

(i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch)