poss. art. of the.
Sindarin
en
article. of the (genitival article)
en
?. ?
en
preposition. of the
en
pronoun. 1st sg pronoun
en
of the
ennorath
place name. (All) the Middle-lands
en-
verb. *to name
ennas
adverb. there
eneth
noun. name
ennas
adverb. there, in that place
Haudh-en-Ellet
noun. Haudh-en-Ellet
rest of the Elf maiden ; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + el (S eledh “elf”) + eth (traditional ending for women’s names)
Haudh-en-Ndengin
noun. Haudh-en-Ndengin
mound of the slaying; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + (n-)dengin (pl. of dangen “slain, slaying”) #We would rather expect it to be Hauth-e-Ndengin, so perhaps it's a dialectal variation of the name; the Etym. gives it as Haudh i Ndengin, which looks more like LR-style S with the second element Ndengin in plural.
remmen
adjective. meshed, netted, woven, (en)tangled
An adjectival element in (plural) galadhremmin “tree-tangled, tree-meshed” from the prayer A Elbereth Gilthoniel (LotR/1115; RGEO/64; PE17/20-21). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien gave the singular form as remmen < ✶rembinā and translated it as “meshed, netted, woven” (PE17/26). In notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, remmen was glossed “entangled” as an adjectival form of rem(m) “net (for catching)”, all based on the root √REB or √REM “entangle, snare, trap” (VT42/12).
In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien spelled remen with a single m, a representation of the sound change whereby [[s|[mm] shortened]] in Sindarin (PE23/140). Elsewhere the spelling remmen is more common, but the pronunciation is still [remen] in those cases as well (LotR/1115). The m-sound is still treated as a consonant cluster for purposes of stress, however, so that the stress patten for galadhremmen is [gàlaðrémen] and not [galáðremen].
Haudh en ellas
Haudh en ellas
{ð} topon. >> Haudh nan ellas
haudh-en-ellas
place name. Haudh-en-Ellas
Methed-en-Glad
noun. end of wood
methed (“end”) + en (sing. gen. article) + glad (“wood”)
methed-en-glad
place name. End of the Wood
i·veleglind i eithro en estar i·chîn húrin
*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin
bar-en-danwedh
place name. House of Ransom
cabed-en-aras
place name. Deer’s Leap
The original name of Cabed Naeramarth before Nienor leapt to her death (S/224), translated “Deer’s Leap” (UT/150). It is a combination of cabed “leap”, en “of the” and aras “deer”.
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name was first written Mengas Dûr, quickly revised Cabad-en-Aras with an a in the last syllable of the first word, and finally changed to Cabed-en-Aras with an e (WJ/156).
cirith forn en andrath
place name. High-Climbing Pass of the North
haudh-en-arwen
place name. Ladybarrow
haudh-en-elleth
place name. Mound of the Elf-maid
Grave of Finduilas translated “Mound of the Elf-maid” (S/216), a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and Elleth “Elf-maid”.
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name appeared as Haudh-en-Ellas (WJ/92). This variant also appeared in notes from around 1966-7 (PE17/97).
haudh-en-ndengin
place name. Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain
Mound of the Elves and Men slain during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, translated “Hill of Slain” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and the plural of dangen “slain”.
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Cûm a Thegranaithos “Mound of the First Sorrow”, revised to Cûm a Gumlaith of similar meaning (LT1/149). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” (SM/312, LR/147), then to Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain” (LR/314) and finally Haudh-na-Dengin (LR/312). In The Etymologies, the middle preposition was replaced with the definite article i, Haudh i Ndengin (Ety/KHAG, NDAK) and in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s it changed to the combined article-preposition ina (WJ/79), then finally to en in Haudh-en-Ndengin (WJ/169).
haudh-en-nirnaeth
place name. Mound of Tears
Another name for Haudh-en-Ndengin, translated “Hill of Tears” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and nirnaeth “lamentation, tears”.
taur-en-faroth
place name. *Forest of the Hunting
Highlands near Nargothrond, described as the “Hills of the Hunters” in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (SA/faroth, LB/214). This earlier description does not seem to be a proper translation, since the initial element of this name is clearly taur “forest”, followed by en “of the” and faroth. The last word is untranslated, but it probably has something to do with hunting, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (SA/faroth).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the first Elvish name for this region was N. Duil Rewinion (SM/225), later revised to N. Taur-na-Faroth (LR/262). A similar form Taur-na-Faras appeared in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue”, where faras is glossed “hunting” (Ety/SPAR). This is the best evidence for the meaning of Faroth.
leben
cardinal. five
The Sindarin word for “five” based on the root √LEPEN of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT48/6).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. elf(in) “five” derived from the early root ᴱ√lef [LEǶE] (GL/32, 53). Rough notes associated with the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s had the deleted forms ᴱN. leme and limel near ᴱN. eneg “✱six”, so these were probably words for “five” (PE13/128 note #78). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. lheben “five” under the root ᴹ√LEPEN of the same meaning (Ety/LEPEN), with the 1930s sound change of initial *l* to *lh* which did not occur in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
Bar-en-Danwedh
noun. house of ransom
bar (“house”) + en (gen. article) + #dan (“back”) +#gwedh (“bond”) #We would expect it to be Bar-e-Ndanwedh, but this could be a dialectal variant of the name
Cabed-en-Aras
noun. the deer’s leap
cabed (ger. of cab- “leap”) + en (gen. article) + aras (“deer”)
Cirith Forn en Andrat
noun. nothern high-climbing pass
cirith (“pass, cleft”), forn (“north”), en (gen. article), and (“long”) + rath (#“climbing passage”)
Haudh-en-Arwen
noun. the Ladybarrow
haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + ar(a) (“high, noble, royal”) + gwend (“maiden, woman”)
Haudh-en-Nirnaeth
noun. mound of (bitter) tears
haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + nîr (“tear”) + naeth (“woe”)
Taur-en-Faroth
noun. forest of a hunter, hunters
taur (“great wood, forest”) + en (pl. gen. article) + faroth (hunter, hunters ? [His.]) #The last element in Faroth could be suffix (-h)oth also found in Lossoth, Esgaroth and Lammoth.
bar-en-nibin-noeg
place name. House of the Petty Dwarves
dor-en-ernil
place name. Land of the Prince
The Gondorian province ruled by the Prince of Dol Amroth, translated “Land of the Prince” (UT/245), a combination dôr “land”, en “of the” and ernil “prince”.
-ien
suffix. used in patronimics
i·mair en Nengin
place name. 'the houses of the Slain'
topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mbair en Nengin
i·mbair en Ndengin
place name. 'the houses of the Slain'
topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mair en Nengin, i·mbair en Nengin
i·mbair en Nengin
place name. 'the houses of the Slain'
topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mair en Nengin
tafnen
adjective. closed, blocked, stopped
Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui
-en
suffix. my
-en
suffix. used in patronimics
uidafnen
adjective. ever-closed
Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui
-en
suffix. adjective suffix
-en
suffix. my, 1st sg. poss. suffix
alae! ered en echoriath, ered e·mbar nín
[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!
daur a berhael, conin en annûn
Frodo and Sam, princes of the west
i mbair en ndengin
the houses of the Slain
o galadhremmin ennorath
from tree-tangled middle-lands
sen
pronoun. this
sí il chem en i naugrim en ir ellath thor den ammen
*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us
-ren
suffix. adjective suffix
@@@ perhaps a later, S-only, innovation
hollen
noun. closed
en
adverb. then, [G.] that past, that by you, that already mentioned (by you)
en
of the
en-, e- (sg. genitival article): interjection
en
of the
en-, e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
en
of the
e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
en
of the
e- (sg. genitival article)
eneph
cardinal. sixteen
enem
cardinal. sixteen
eneth
name
(noun) eneth (pl. enith)
eneth
name
(pl. enith)
ennas
there
ennas (SD:128-31)
ennas
there
(SD:128-31)
glornan
place name. Valley of Gold(en Light)
nan laur
place name. Valley of Gold(en Light)
Dor-en-Ernil
Dor-en-Ernil
Dor-en-Ernil consists of the Sindarin words dor "land" + en "of" + ernil "prince".
Haudh-en-Arwen
Haudh-en-Arwen
The Sindarin term Haudh-en-Arwen can roughly be translated as "Ladybarrow". The actual translation would be "Mound of the Noble Maiden". The element Arwen had no direct connection with Arwen Evenstar, who lived millennia after Haleth's time, but it does give an insight into the origin of her name. Sindarin arwen means literally "high maiden", and is translated here as the "lady" in 'Ladybarrow'. Tûr Haretha is the Mannish name of "The Ladybarrow".
Haudh-en-Elleth
Haudh-en-Elleth
Haudh-en-Elleth is a Sindarin name glossed as "Mound of the Elf-maid" or "mound (grave) of the Noldorin maid".
paeneg
cardinal. sixteen
A neologism for “sixteen” proposed by Elaran posted to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2018-01-16; see also ᴺS. paenel “thirteen”. He proposed an alternate form eneph and Fiona Jallings proposed enem, both more direct cognates to Q. enenquë. I prefer paeneder since I feel it is easier to recognize.
hollen
closed
(passive participle) hollen; see CLOSE.
tafnen
closed
(adj.) #tafnen (stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin (WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography);
tafnen
closed
(stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin *(WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography)*;
uidafnen
ever-closed
(WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin****
parth
noun. field, lawn, sward, garden, enclosed grassland
An element in the names S. Parth Celebrant “Field of Celebrant” and S. Parth Galen “Green Sward”, variously translated “field, enclosed grassland” (UT/260), “sward” = “✱field of short grass” (RC/349), “small enclosed field, lawn” (PE23/139), or “garden” (PE23/141). Its etymology is unclear: it might be a derivative of √PAR “arrange”. It may also be a later iteration of N. pathw “level place, sward” < ᴹ√PATH, and is perhaps derived from ✱path-re with metathesis to parth(e).
-ian(d)
suffix. -land, country
A suffix meaning “-land” or “country” appearing often in the names of regions and countries along with its plural variant -ien(d) “-lands”, mentioned in a number of places in Tolkien’s later writings (Let/383; UT/318). In notes from the late 1950s Tolkien derived it from primitive ✶yandē “a wide region or country” from the root √YAN “wide”, which replaced another root √YON of similar meaning (PE17/42-43). In notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s, Tolkien connected it instead to an apparent adjective S. iand “wide”, still derived from √YAN (PE17/115).
Conceptual Development: This suffix seems to have first appeared in ᴱN. Broseliand in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s, precursor to the name S. Beleriand and almost certainly inspired by the legendary medieval French forest Brocéliande. Tolkien used this suffix widely in names starting with Lord of the Rings drafts, but it seems he did not develop a clear etymology for the suffix until quite late. Tolkien himself mentioned the connection between this suffix and the French name Brocéliande in a 1967 letter (Let/383). It is thus an interesting case study in how Tolkien would gradually integrate elements inspired by real-world languages into his Elvish corpus.
neldor
noun. beech
A Sindarin word for “beech” appearing in the names Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” (LotR/469; RC/384) and Neldoreth, the name of a forest with beeches (S/55; PE17/81).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Ilk. neldor was an Ilkorin word based on ᴹ√NÉL-ED “three”, which Tolkien said was “properly name of Hirilorn the great beech of Thingol with three trunks = neld-orn ? [question mark from Tolkien]” (Ety/NEL). In the 1910s and 20s, ᴱQ. neldor “beech” was an Early Qenya word (PE16/139; QL/65), and its cognates in this period were G. deldron “beech” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), G. deil(i)an or delwen “beech” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {de(i)lian >>} deilian “beech-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/142).
Possible Etymology: The Ilkorin derivation from √NELED is no longer suitable in Sindarin, since we would expect [[s|[d] > [ð]]] as in S. neledh “three”. It is possible Tolkien simply never reexamined the etymology of this word after it became Sindarin. Alternately, it could be nel- “tri-” + taur “forest” or -dor “-lord” or something similar.
-ion
suffix. used in patronimics
tass
1,D adverb. then, there
A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.
i
article. the
@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath
êl Archaic
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
conin
prince
(i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
alae
interjection. ?
nín
pronoun. my
fêr
beech
†fêr (stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
fêr
beech
(stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
i
the
: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
i
the
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see
neldor
beech tree
(pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).
o
from
(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
-eb
suffix. adjective suffix
-i
suffix. adjectival suffix
-iel
suffix. adjective suffix
ess
noun. name
-in
suffix. adjective suffix
brethil
noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch
esta-
verb. to name
i
definite article. the
i
definite article. who
i
the
pl1. in _ art. _the.
ingildon
place name. ?
nan
preposition. of
uin
preposition. of the
an
to the, for the
(for) + i (the).
esta
name
(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)
esta
name
(call) (i esta, in estar)
n
that
added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
paur
tightly closed hand
(i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (fist), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath.
uin
from the, of the
.
@@@ In VT50/13 Carl Hostetter suggested this might be an indicative passive voice marker en, vs. subjunctive passive voice marker aen, maybe a plural form e “he”.