endë

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core

Changes

• ened → ente ✧ VT41/12

Cognates

• S. enedh “centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core” ✧ VT48/25
• T. ened “middle” ✧ VT48/25

Derivations

• √ENED “centre, middle; three” ✧ VT48/25

Element in

• ᴺQ. axendë “marrow”
• Q. endëa “middle”
• ᴺQ. Endëranda “Middle-Ages”
• Q. enderi “middle-days”
• Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land”
• Q. loëndë “mid-year (Númenórean calendar), *(lit.) year-middle”
• ᴺQ. morendë “midnight”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ened/l > ende	[enede] > [ende]	✧ VT48/25

Variations

• ente ✧ VT41/12
• ened ✧ VT41/12 (ened)
• ende ✧ VT48/25

imi

in

imi prep. "in"; see mi (VT43:30)

imi

preposition. in, in, [ᴱQ.] inside

mi

preposition. in, in, [ᴹQ.] within

Cognates

• S. mi “*in”

Derivations

• ✶mī “in, within” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
  • √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT43/30

Element in

• Q. Aina Wendë mi Wenderon “Holy Virgin of virgins” ✧ VT44/18
• Q. aistana elyë imíca nísi “blessed art thou amongst women” ✧ VT43/30; VT43/30
• Q. alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun “glory [be] to God in the highest” ✧ VT44/34
• Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34
• Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13
• ᴺQ. micol- “to import”
• Q. mina “into, in, into, in, [ᴹQ.] to the inside”
• ᴺQ. minomë “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
• Q. mi oromardi lissë miruvóreva “of the sweet mead in lofty halls” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. lissë miruvóreva mí oromardi “of sweet nectar in the high-halls” ✧ RGEO/58
• Q. mirröanwë “incarnate”
• Q. Mírondina “Incarnate”
• Q. nai tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mi Númen “in the keeping of those who sit upon thrones of the West” ✧ UT/305
• Q. sanomë tarnë Olórin, Aracorno, Eomer, Imrahil, mi mísë, mi telepta yo morna, mi laiqua yo ninquë, mi luinë, ta Gimli mi lossëa “There stood Gandalf, Aragorn, Eomer and Imrahil in grey, in silver and black, in green and white, and in blue, and also Gimli in white” ✧ PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mī > mĭ	[mi]	✧ PE17/092
√mi > imi	[imi]	✧ VT43/30
√mi > mi	[mi]	✧ VT43/30
✶mī > mĭ	[mi]	✧ VT47/30

Variations

• mĭ ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
• mī ✧ RGEO/58; VT49/35
• imi ✧ VT43/30
• mil ✧ VT43/30 (mil)

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

entë

noun. centre

Element in

• Q. entya “central, middle”

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)

mi

in, within

mi prep. "in, within" (MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi); mí "in the" (Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply "in"). Used in PE17:71 (cf. 70) of people clad "in" various colours, e.g. mi mísë "in grey". Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI), also mina (VT43:30). The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" (sg.), millë "in you" (pl.) (VT43:36). A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" (VT44:18); here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class.

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

Element in

• S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129
• ᴺS. neman “when, (lit.) during what”

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

ened

noun. centre

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + ré “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.

Cognates

• Q. endë “centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core” ✧ VT48/25

Derivations

• √HENET “middle” ✧ VT41/16
• √ENED “centre, middle; three” ✧ VT48/25

Element in

• ᴺS. enedhren “central, essential”
• S. Enedwaith “Middle-region, Middle-folk”
• S. lebenedh “middle finger”
• S. Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven” ✧ UT/264

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√HENET > ente > ened	[ɣenet] > [enet] > [ened]	✧ VT41/16
√ened/l > eneð	[ened] > [eneð]	✧ VT48/25

Variations

• Enedh ✧ UT/264
• ened ✧ VT41/16
• eneð ✧ VT48/25

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/10

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

minui

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

dî

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

minya

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Usually placed after the noun in Black Speech, c.f. burzum-ishi (darkness-inside).

imi

root. in

minya

ordinal. first

Derivatives

• S. main “prime, chief, pre-eminent” ✧ VT42/25

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

ne-

prefix. in

Derivations

• ᴹ√NE “*in”

Element in

• N. neledh- “*to go in, enter”
• N. nestag- “to insert, stick in” ✧ Ety/STAK
• ᴺS. nethan- “to inspire, kindle inside”

edhen

adjective. first

Cognates

• ᴹQ. enna “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Derivations

• ᴹ✶edenā “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE
  • ᴹ√EDE(L) “precede, come forward, hence” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶edenā > eðen	[edenā] > [edena] > [eðena] > [eðen]	✧ EtyAC/EDE

Variations

• eðen ✧ EtyAC/EDE (eðen)

di

preposition. in

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DI “in” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Element in

• N. di ngorgoros “*in deadly fear” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDI/DI > di	[ndi] > [di]	✧ EtyAC/NDI

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Changes

• Ereg → Erui “First” ✧ TI/312
• Ereg → Erui ✧ WRI/Erui

ereg

adjective. first

Element in

• N. Ereg “First” ✧ TI/312

Elements

Word	Gloss
er	“one, alone”
-eg	“suffix for ordinal numbers”

Variations

• Ereg ✧ TI/312