Quenya 

cainen

cardinal. ten

[cainen] ("k") cardinal "ten" (KAYAN/KAYAR). According to VT48:12, Tolkien eventually rejected this word (cainen would only mean "I lay", sc. the pa.t. cainë with the ending -n "I"). See quain, quëan.

cainen

cardinal. ten

cëa(n)

cardinal. ten

Cognates

  • S. caen “ten” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • KAYAN “ten” ✧ VT48/12

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kayan > kea(n)[kajan] > [kean]✧ VT48/12

Variations

  • këa ✧ PE17/095
  • kainen ✧ PE17/095
  • kea(n) ✧ VT48/12
Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cëa

cardinal. ten

[cëa, cëan ("k") cardinal "ten", forms Tolkien later abandoned in favour of quain or quëan. An adjectival form caina ("k") was also listed, but must likewise be considered obsolete. (VT48:12-13, VT49:54)]

quain

cardinal. ten

quain cardinal "ten" (also quëan); quainëa ordinal "tenth" (VT48:6, 20; VT42:25). Quain or quëan replaced the form cainen in Tolkiens conception.

quain

cardinal. ten

Element in

quëan

cardinal. ten

quëan cardinal "ten", also quain (VT48:6, 12, 20). Quain or quëan replaced the form cainen in Tolkiens conception.

quëan

cardinal. ten

Cognates

  • S. pae “ten” ✧ VT48/06
  • T. pai(n) “ten” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • quean ✧ VT48/06; VT48/20
  • quain ✧ VT48/06; VT48/20
Quenya [VT48/06; VT48/20] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

caen-

cardinal. ten

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caen-

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cainen. >> cae, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caen

cardinal. ten

Cognates

Element in

Variations

  • caen-/cae ✧ PE17/095
Sindarin [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cae

cardinal. ten

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cae

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cea. >> caen-, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

can

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> canad, leben

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

canad

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> can, leben

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

paean

cardinal. ten

pae

cardinal. ten

Sindarin [VT/42:25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pae

cardinal. ten

Cognates

  • Q. quëan “ten” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • pae(an) ✧ VT48/21
Sindarin [VT42/25; VT48/06; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eneg

card

_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

er

card

_ card. _one. Q. er. >> min, tad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

leben

card

_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

min

card

_ card. _one. Q. min. >> er, tad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

neder

card

_ card. _nine. Q. nerte. >> cae, caen-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nel

card

_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

odog

card

_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tad

card

_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tad

card

card. two. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:14] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tolod

card

_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

paenui

tenth

.

pae

cardinal. ten

pae (the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).

pae

ten

(the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).

Telerin 

pai(n)

cardinal. ten

Changes

  • paya(n)pai(n) ✧ VT48/21

Cognates

  • Q. quëan “ten” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

Variations

  • paya(n) ✧ VT48/21 (paya(n))
Telerin [VT48/06; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kayan

root. ten

Derivatives

Element in

Variations

  • kayan ✧ VT48/12
Primitive elvish [VT48/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kway

root. ten

A root Tolkien introduced in the late 1960s as the basis for his latest Elvish word for “ten”: Q. quëan/quain, S. pae, T. pai(n) (VT42/24; VT48/6). It was an extension of √KWA “complete” as in “a complete set of (10) fingers”. Prior this late change, the usual word for “ten” was ᴹQ. kainen (along with other variants beginning with kai- or kea-) from the root ᴹ√KAYAN or ᴹ√KAYAR as it appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAYAN). This basis for “ten” dates back to the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/49, PE14/82). Tolkien was still considering √KAYAN for “10” in the late 1960s before replacing it with √KWAY(AM) (VT48/12).

Derivatives

Variations

  • kwaya ✧ VT42/24; VT42/24
Primitive elvish [VT42/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

caer

cardinal. ten

Noldorin [Ety/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caer

cardinal. ten

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kainen “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAYAN “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAYAR > caer[kajra] > [kaira] > [kair] > [kaer]✧ Ety/KAYAN

Variations

  • caer ✧ Ety/KAYAN; EtyAC/KAYAN
Noldorin [Ety/KAYAN; EtyAC/KAYAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

kainen

cardinal. ten

Cognates

  • N. caer “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAYAN “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAYAN > kainen[kainen]✧ Ety/KAYAN

Middle Primitive Elvish

kayan

root. ten

Changes

  • KĀYANKAYAN ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kainen “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN
  • N. caer “ten” ✧ Ety/KAYAN

Variations

  • KAYAR ✧ Ety/KAYAN
  • KĀYAN ✧ EtyAC/KAYAN (KĀYAN)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAYAN; EtyAC/KAYAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

sath

cardinal. ten

Element in

Early Quenya

kainen

cardinal. ten

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/050; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kea

cardinal. ten

Element in

  • Eq. kankea “fourteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. en(ek)kea “sixteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kea kulu “ten pieces of gold” ✧ PE14/084
  • Eq. kea tuksa “one hundred ten” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. keën Eldalin “the ten Elves (accusative pl.)” ✧ PE14/084
  • Eq. keë neri “*ten men” ✧ PE14/050
  • Eq. kekainen “hundred (when not multiplied)” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. lenkea “fifteen” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/049
  • Eq. nelkea “thirteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. húkea “nineteen” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/049 (huokea)
  • Eq. okkea “seventeen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. keanya “tenth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kesto “one tenth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082
  • Eq. keallume “*ten times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. tolkea “eighteen” ✧ PE14/049
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/050; PE14/082; PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lempe

cardinal. ten

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEǶE “half; *five” ✧ QL/052

Element in

Variations

  • Lempe ✧ LT1/246
  • lempe ✧ QL/052
Early Quenya [LT1/246; QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by