Quenya 

canta

cardinal. four

canta (1) ("k") cardinal "four" (KÁNAT, VT42:24, VT48:6). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word was cited with a final hyphen (as if it were a verb), but the hyphen does not actually appear in Tolkien's manuscript (VT45:19). Ordinal cantëa ("k") "fourth" (VT42:25) Compare cantil.

canta

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • S. canad “four” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kanatā > kanta[kanatā] > [kantā] > [kanta]✧ VT42/24

Variations

  • can-ta ✧ PE17/095
  • kanta ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06
Quenya [PE17/095; VT42/24; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

can-

cardinal. four

can- (1) (prefix)("k") "four" (KÁNAT)

Sindarin 

canad

cardinal. four

Sindarin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/41

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kanata > canad[kanata] > [kanat] > [kanad]✧ VT42/24
KENET > cened[kenet] > [kened]✧ VT47/41

Variations

  • can(ad ✧ PE17/095
  • cened ✧ VT47/41
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/24; VT42/25; VT47/41; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

canad

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> can, leben

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

can

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> canad, leben

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cae

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cea. >> caen-, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caen-

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cainen. >> cae, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

eneg

card

_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

er

card

_ card. _one. Q. er. >> min, tad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

leben

card

_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

min

card

_ card. _one. Q. min. >> er, tad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

neder

card

_ card. _nine. Q. nerte. >> cae, caen-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nel

card

_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

odog

card

_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tad

card

_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tad

card

card. two. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:14] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

tolod

card

_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cened

ordinal. four

canad

cardinal. four

canad;

canad

four

;

canath

fourth part

(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)

cannui

fourth

. The reading in VT42:25  is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.

Telerin 

canat

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06
  • S. canad “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/41

Derivations

Variations

  • cenet ✧ VT47/41
Telerin [VT42/24; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kanat

root. four

This root was established as the basis for “four” very early, though the earliest known Elvish word for “four” was actually ᴱQ. nelde from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/65), which became “three” later on (PE14/49). In the Gnomish Lexicon written soon after, the Gnomish word for “four” was G. cant (GL/25), and by the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word likewise became ᴱQ. kanta “four” (PE14/49, 82). The Quenya word kept this form thereafter, and the Noldorin form became N. canad in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root ᴹ√KANAT “four” explicitly appeared for the first time (Ety/KÁNAT). The words and root for “four” remained the same thereafter (VT42/24-26; VT47/15-16; VT48/10), with occasional minor (and transient) variations such as √KENET (VT47/41).

Derivatives

Element in

Variations

  • kan-at ✧ VT42/24; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT48/10
  • KAN ✧ VT42/26
  • kanat ✧ VT47/16; VT47/16
  • KENET ✧ VT47/41
Primitive elvish [VT42/24; VT42/26; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kanatā

cardinal. four

Derivations

Derivatives

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ VT42/24
  • S. canad “four” ✧ VT42/24
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24

Element in

Variations

  • kanta ✧ PE21/74
  • kanata ✧ VT42/24
Primitive elvish [PE21/74; VT42/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

canad

cardinal. four

Noldorin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Changes

  • canathcanad ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kanta “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KANAT “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KÁNAT > canad[kanata] > [kanat] > [kanad]✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • canath ✧ EtyAC/NEL (canath)
Noldorin [Ety/KÁNAT; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/NEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

canath

cardinal. four

Noldorin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

tharan Reconstructed

cardinal. four

Element in

Qenya 

kanta

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • N. canad “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KANAT “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KÁNAT > kanta[kanata] > [kanta]✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • kanta ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
  • kanta- ✧ EtyAC/KÁNAT
Qenya [Ety/KÁNAT; EtyAC/KÁNAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

kanat

root. four

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kanta “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
  • N. canad “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • KÁNAT ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KÁNAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

cant

cardinal. four

Cognates

Element in

Early Quenya

kanta

cardinal. four

Cognates

Element in

  • Eq. kantasto “quarter, one fourth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082
  • Eq. kankea “fourteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kankaiya “fourteenth” ✧ PE14/082
  • Eq. kantallume “*four times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kanya “fourth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kan “four times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kan(ta)kainen “forty” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kantóre “quadrillion”
  • Eq. kantóra “*four million” ✧ PE14/049
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082; PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by