pl1. in _ art. _the.
Sindarin
i
definite article. the
i
article. the
Cognates
- Q. i “the” ✧ PE17/066
Element in
- S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
- S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings”
- S. anglennatha i Varanduiniant erin dolothen Ethuil “will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring” ✧ SD/129
- S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/24
- S. Annon-in-Gelydh “Gate of the Noldor” ✧ S/238
- S. aran Gondor ar Arnor ar Hîr i Mbair Annui “king of Gondor and Arnor and Lord of the Westlands” ✧ SD/129
- S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/24
- S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
- S. Athrad i-Negyth “Ford of the Dwarves” ✧ WJ/338
- S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” ✧ WJ/379
- S. Bar-in-Gwael ✧ WJ/418
- S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
- S. caro den i innas lin “thy will be done” ✧ VT44/24
- S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
- S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164
- S. cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102
- S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106
- S. Dor i Thuin
- S. Dúnad in Gyrth “Descent of the Dead” ✧ NM/364
- S. Echad i Sedryn “Camp of the Faithful” ✧ UT/153
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ SD/129; SD/129
- S. Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807
- S. Gwaith-i-Mírdain “People of the Jewel Smiths”
- S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054
- S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
- S. i chîn Húrin “*the children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/18
- S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/12; VT50/15
- S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
- S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/12
- S. Men-i-Naugrim “Dwarf Road, (lit.) Way of the Dwarves” ✧ NM/372; UT/280
- S. Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ MR/373; S/198; UT/057
- S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/039
- S. Nern in Adanath “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
- S. Nern in Edenedair “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
- S. Nîn-in-Eilph “Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans” ✧ NM/378
- S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
- S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061
- S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18
- S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/edhel
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
- S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
- S. Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” ✧ UT/319
- S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ UT/054
- S. tolo i arnad lín “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT44/24
Variations
- i ✧ Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; NM/164; NM/372; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/066; S/198; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; UT/280; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/18; VT50/18; VT50/23; WJ/338
- i- ✧ LotR/1061; LotR/1114
- in ✧ NM/364
- i· ✧ PE17/147
- ir ✧ VT50/23
i
the
i
pronoun. who, that, who, that, [G.] indefinite indeclinable relative particle
Cognates
- Q. i “who, what, which, that”
Element in
- S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
- S. Dor Firn-i-Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ S/188
- S. Dor Gyrth i Chuinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ Let/417
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ SD/129
- S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12
- S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18
- S. sui mín i gohenam di ai gerir úgerth ammen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT44/29
Variations
- i ✧ S/188; SD/129; VT44/22; VT44/29; VT50/12; VT50/18
i
definite article. who
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
ai
pronoun. for those who
im
pronoun. I, I myself; reflexive, self(same)
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- S. im Elrond echanthel ✧ VT47/37
- ᴺS. imeneth “namesake, (lit.) same name”
- S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/041; VT47/37
- S. inn dha v’im “I have a good mind (to do so), (lit.) there is an ‘inn’ in me” ✧ PE22/165
- S. le linnon im Tinúviel “*to thee I sing, I, Tinúviel” ✧ LB/354
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶immā > im [immā] > [imma] > [imm] > [imm] > [im] ✧ VT47/14 ✶immō > im [immō] > [immo] > [imm] > [imm] > [im] ✧ VT47/14 Variations
- im ✧ LB/354; PE17/041; PE17/046; PE22/165; VT47/14; VT47/14; VT47/37
- Im ✧ LotR/0305
nin
pronoun. me
Derivations
- ✶ni “I, me”
Element in
- S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; PE17/095; RGEO/64
Variations
- niu ✧ Let/279
nin
pronoun. me
_ pron. _me.
nin
pronoun. me
anim
pronoun. for myself
bess
noun. wife
enni
pronoun. to me
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
Cognates
- Q. an- “intensive prefix”
Element in
- S. Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” ✧ SA/faug
- S. einior “elder”
im narvi hain echant
I, Narvi, made them
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss im “I, I myself; reflexive, self(same)” Narvi san “that” echad- “to form, make, shape, cut out; (lit.) to shape out, to form, make, shape, cut out, [N.] fashion; [S.] (lit.) to shape out” Variations
- Im Narvi hain echant ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/040
le linnon im tinúviel
*to thee I sing, I, Tinúviel
The fifth phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:
Patrick Wynne: “✱to thee I sing, I, the Nightingale” (NTTLS/11)
David Salo: “✱I sing to you, I, Nightingale” (GS/211)
Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱to thee I sing, Tinúviel myself” (GTLC)
The first word is the 2nd-person-polite pronoun le “thee”, with its use as the indirect object “to thee” implied by its position before the verb, as suggested by Wynne and Salo (NTTLS/10, GS/213). The second word linnon “I sing” is the present 1st-person-singular form of the verb linna- “to sing”. The third word is the first person or reflexive pronoun im “I, myself”. The last word Tinúviel is the other name of the speaker, Lúthien, usually translated “Nightingale”.
Element in
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
arwen
noun. noble woman
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
cae
cardinal. ten
caen
cardinal. ten
Cognates
- Q. cëa(n) “ten” ✧ PE17/095
Element in
- S. nelchaenen “*thirtieth”
- S.
caenui“tenth”Variations
- caen-/cae ✧ PE17/095
caen-
cardinal. ten
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
he
she
he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
mad
eat
mad- (i vâd, i medir). HONEY-EATER, see BEAR
na
be
: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.
na-
verb. to be
Changes
dôd→ dád ✧ VT44/22dád→ hae ✧ VT44/22hae→ no ✧ VT44/24Cognates
- Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”
Derivations
- √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”
Element in
- S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
- ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
- ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23
Variations
- dôd ✧ VT44/22 (
dôd)- dád ✧ VT44/22 (
dád)- hae ✧ VT44/22 (
hae)
na-
verb. to be
no
verb. be!
pae
cardinal. ten
pae (the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).
pae
cardinal. ten
Cognates
- Q. quëan “ten” ✧ VT48/06
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺS. caphaen “forty”
- ᴺS. enephaen “sixty”
- ᴺS. lephaen “fifty”
- ᴺS. nederphaen “ninety”
- ᴺS. nelphaen “thirty”
- ᴺS. odophaen “seventy”
- ᴺS. odobaen “seventy”
- ᴺS. paedolodh “eighteen”
- ᴺS. paegan “fourteen”
- ᴺS. paeleben “fifteen”
- ᴺS. paeneder “nineteen”
- ᴺS. paeneg “sixteen”
- ᴺS. paenel “thirteen”
- ᴺS. paenodog “seventeen”
- S. paenui “tenth” ✧ VT42/25
- ᴺS. taphaen “twenty”
- ᴺS. tolophaen “eighty”
Variations
- pae(an) ✧ VT48/21
pae
cardinal. ten
paean
cardinal. ten
sa
pronoun. that
Derivations
- ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”
san
pronoun. that
Derivations
- ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042
Element in
- S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
pronoun. that
Derivations
- √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
i
the
: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
i
wed
the verb is cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i, ”gwedi”, but this would seem to be an error for *gwedhi.
ni
pronoun. I
Cognates
- Q. ni “me, I”
Derivations
- ✶ni “I, me”
nin
me
(object form of ”I”) nin; as indirect object anim or enni ”for myself, (to) me”.
@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath