hrú(y)a

adjective. evil, wicked

Cognates

• S. rhû “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Derivations

• √SRUG “*evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Element in

• Q. hru- “evil-” ✧ PE17/170

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√S-RŪGU > hrúa	[srūga] > [r̥ūɣa] > [r̥ūga] > [r̥ūa]	✧ PE17/170

Variations

• hrúa ✧ PE17/170
• hrúya ✧ PE17/170

úra

evil, nasty

úra (1) adj. "evil, nasty" (VT43:24, VT48:32)

úro

evil

úro noun "evil" (VT43:24); Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v.

úmëa

evil

úmëa (2) adj. "evil" (UGU/UMU). Obsoleted by #1 above? Possibly connected to úmëai in Narqelion, if that is a "Qenya" plural form.

ulca

evil, bad, wicked, wrong

ulca adj. "evil, bad, wicked, wrong" (QL:97, VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14; compounded in henulca "evileyed", SD:68); variant olca, q.v. Compare noun ulco. The adj. ulca may also itself be used as a noun "evil", as in the ablative form ulcallo "from evil" (VT43:8, 10) and the sentence cé mo quetë ulca *"if one speaks evil" (VT49:19).

ulco

evil

ulco (stem #ulcu-) noun "evil", pl. *ulqui (VT43:23-24; the stem-form is attested in the ablative case: ulcullo "from evil", VT43:12)

ulco

noun. evil

Derivations

• √UK “nasty”

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24; VT43/23
• ᴺQ. ulculóra “without evil”

hlón

sound

hlón noun "sound", "a noise" (VT48:29). Also hlóna. The stem of hlón is apparently hlon- if hloni "sounds" in WJ:394 is its plural form.

lamma

sound

lamma noun "sound" (LAM)

láma

noun. sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo

Cognates

• ᴺS. law “sound”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound” ✧ VT39/20

Element in

• Q. Lámaquenta “Account of Sounds” ✧ PE18/082
• Q. Lámasampanë “Combination of Sounds” ✧ PE18/090
• Q. lámatyávë “*sound-taste”
• Q. ólama “consonant”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√lam > láma	[lāma]	✧ VT39/20

Variations

• Láma ✧ PE18/082; PE18/090

láma#

noun. sound

sound

róma

loud sound, trumpet-sound

róma (2) noun "loud sound, trumpet-sound" (ROM). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, róma was also the name of tengwa #30, which letter Tolkien would later call silmë nuquerna instead.

naxa

adjective. evil

naxa

noun/adjective. evil

Element in

• Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154

Variations

• naxa ✧ PE22/154

olca

evil, bad, wicked

olca adj. "evil, bad, wicked" (VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14, PE17:149). The root meaning implies "wickedness as well as badness or lack of worth" (PE17:170). Variant of ulca.

rhû

matter

n. matter. rhû << rhū. >> rhond, rhonn

rhû

noun. matter

The status of this word is uncertain. This word’s cognate Q. hrón was revised to orma (MR/218) (later >> erma). Its root may also have changed, SRON >> SRAW.

Changes

• hrū → rhû ✧ PE17/183

Cognates

• Q. hrón “matter, substance, flesh; body” ✧ PE17/183

Derivations

• √SRON “flesh, substance, matter, substance, matter, flesh” ✧ PE17/183
  • √RON “solid, tangible, firm” ✧ PE17/183

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRON > srōn > rhû	[srōn] > [r̥ōn] > [r̥ō] > [r̥ū]	✧ PE17/183

Variations

• rhû ✧ PE17/183
• hrū ✧ PE17/183 (hrū)

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

rhû

noun/adjective. evil, wicked

Cognates

• Q. hruo “*wickedness” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. hrú(y)a “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Derivations

• √SRUG “*evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/115; PE17/170

Element in

• S. rhu- “evil-” ✧ PE17/170
• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√srugu > rhû	[srugu] > [r̥ugu] > [r̥uɣu] > [r̥ū]	✧ PE17/115

Variations

• rhû ✧ PE17/115; PE17/115; PE17/170

rû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

romru

noun. sound of horns

ogol

evil

1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

rû

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

lhûn

making sound

lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb

romru

sound of horns

pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth).

um

evil

(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

law

noun. sound

Cognates

• Q. láma “sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound”

ummas

noun. evil

Derivations

• ᴹ√UMU “negative stems”
  • ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ

nellad

sound of bells

(pl. nellaid);

lammad

sound of voices

pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

rhû

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

Cognates

• ᴹQ. róma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivations

• On. rūma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM
  • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Element in

• N. rhomru “sound of horns” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rūma > rhû	[rūma] > [rūm] > [r̥ūm] > [r̥ūv] > [r̥ū]	✧ Ety/ROM

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)