Quenya 

enda

heart

enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)

inya

small

inya (2) adj. "small" (LT1:256; this "Qenya" word may be obsoleted by # 1 above)

empanya-

plant

*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)

ferna

mast, beechnuts

ferna noun "mast, beechnuts" (PHER/PHÉREN)

nitya

small

#nitya adj. "small" (VT48:15, PM:365)

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

enwina

old

enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)

enwina

adjective. old

Element in

pinilya

small

pinilya adj. "small" (MC:220; this is "Qenya")

linyenwa

old, having many years

linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

firin

dead

firin adj. "dead" (by natural cause) (PHIR).This may obsolete the earlier "Qenya" word firin "ray of the sun" (LT2:341)

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

qualin

dead

qualin ("q")adj. "dead" (KWAL, LT1:264)

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

cinta

small

cinta adj. "small" (PE17:157)

cinta

adjective. small

Cognates

  • S. cidinn “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/157

Derivations

  • KIT “*small” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KIT > cinta[kinta]✧ PE17/157

elwen

heart

elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)

hessa

dead, withered

hessa adj. "dead, withered" (LT1:255)

hón

heart

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

luina

pale

[luina] adj. "pale" (VT45:30)

lóna

dark

?lóna (4) adj. "dark" (DO3/DŌ). If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript.

lóna

island, remote land difficult to reach

lóna (2) noun "island, remote land difficult to reach" (LONO (AWA) ). Obsoleted by #1 above?

lúna

dark

lúna adj. *"dark" in Lúnaturco and Taras Lúna, Quenya names of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). (PE17:22). In the Etymologies, lúnë "blue" was changed by Tolkien from lúna (VT45:29).

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

marya

pale, fallow, fawn

marya adj. "pale, fallow, fawn" (MAD)

melwa

lovely

melwa adj. "lovely" (LT1:262); compare melda in Tolkiens later Quenya.

morna

dark, black

morna adj. "dark, black" (Letters:282, LT1:261; also used of black hair, PE17:154), or "gloomy, sombre" (MOR). Used as noun in the phrase mi…morna of someone clad "in…black" (PE17:71). In tumbalemorna (Letters:282), q.v. Pl. mornë in Markirya**(the first version of this poem had "green rocks", MC:215, changed to ondolisse mornë** "upon dark rocks" in the final version; see MC:220, note 8).

nulla

dark, dusky, obscure

nulla adj. "dark, dusky, obscure" (NDUL), "secret" (DUL). See also VT45:11.

néca

pale, vague, faint, dim to see

néca ("k") adj "pale, vague, faint, dim to see", pl. nécë ("k") in Markirya

níca

small

níca ("k")adj. "small". The word is said to mean "small" with "good senses"; contrast nípa, *nimpë. (VT47:26, VT48:18)

núla

dark, occult, mysterious

núla ("ñ")adj. "dark, occult, mysterious" (PE17:125)

usque

noun. dusk

dusk

Quenya [PE 18:50 PE 18:100] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

usque

noun. dusk, twilight

Quenya [PE 22:51] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

vilya

air, sky

vilya noun "air, sky", also name of tengwa #24. Older wilya. (Appendix E). Early "Qenya" has Vilya (changed from Vilna) "lower air" (LT1:273); also vilya "air" (MC:215)

wingil

nymph

wingil (wingild-, as in pl. Wingildi) noun "nymph" (WIG, LT1:273, PE16:19); "Qenya" pl. wingildin "foam-fays, foam-maidens" (MC:216)

yerna

old, worn

yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)

órë

heart

órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).

comya-

gather, assemble

comya- ("k")vb. "gather, assemble" (transitive)(PE17:158)

hísen

of mist

hísen noun in pre-classical genitive? "of mist" (þ) (MC:221; this is "Qenya", but it connects with hísë #1.)

lúrëa

dark, overcast

lúrëa adj. "dark, overcast" (LT1:259)

mírya

beautiful

mírya adj. "beautiful" (of work of art only) (PE17:165)

núta-

set, sink

núta- vb. "set, sink" (of Sun or Moon) (NDŪ). In early "Qenya", the word was glossed "stoop, sink" (LT1:263)

quellë

fading

quellë noun "fading", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition, for the latter part of autumn and the beginning of winter (Appendix D)

quetil

tongue, language

quetil ("q")noun "tongue, language" (KWET)

tyulma

mast

tyulma noun "mast" _(TYUL, SD:419). "_Qenya" pl. tyulmin "masts" in MC:216; read *tyulmar in LotR-style Quenya.

tyulma

noun. mast

Cognates

  • ᴺS. tolf “mast”

Derivations

  • kyulmā “mast”
    • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall”

Element in

  • Q. cirya tyulma “a ship-mast, ship’s mast, mast of an unspecified ship or any ship” ✧ PE21/80
  • Q. i tyulma ciryava “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80
  • Q. tyulma ciryo “the mast from some ship, of some ship” ✧ PE21/80
  • Q. tyulma i ciryo “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80

muilë

secrecy

muilë noun "secrecy" (MUY)

linganer

hummed like a harp-string

linganer vb. in past tense? "hummed like a harp-string" (MC:216; this is "Qenya")

as

with

as prep. "with" (together with), also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with thee" (VT47:31, VT43:29). The conjunction ar "and" may also appear in assimilated form as before s; see ar #1.

as

with

o (2) prep. "with" (MC:216; this is "Qenya"; WJ:367 states that no independent preposition o was used in Quenya. Writers may rather use as.) See ó- below.

as

preposition. with

Derivations

  • AS “beside”

Element in

calwa

beautiful

calwa ("k") adj. "beautiful" (LT1:254)

mairëa

beautiful

mairëa adj. "beautiful" (of things made by art) (PE17:163). An alternative (and peculiar) form "mairia" is also implied in the source.

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

no

under

no prep. "under" (NŪ; all other sources give nu instead. In early "Qenya", no meant "upon"; MC:214)

nu

under

nu prep. "under" _(LR:56, Markirya, Nam, RGEO:66, MC:214; the _Etymologies alone gives no [q.v.] instead). In Mar-nu-Falmar, nuhuinenna, q.v. Prefix - in nútil, q.v.

sa

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:119] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/ "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

vanima

adjective. beautiful

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

fólë

secrecy, a secret

fólë noun "secrecy, a secret" (LT2:340; "Qenya" spelling fôlë)

fangë

long beard

fangë noun "long beard" (GL:34); this is "Qenya" for later fanga.

cainë

lay

cainë "lay", pa.t. of caita- "lie", q.v.

cairë

lay

cairë _("k")_vb. "lay" (pa.t. of "lie") (MC:221; this is "Qenya" - in LotR-style Quenya cainë pa.t. of caita?) An word cairë with no clear definition appears in PE17:101; see cëa, cairë.

caita-

lie

caita- vb. "lie" (= lie down, not "tell something untrue"), aorist tense "lies" in the sentences sindanóriello caita mornië "out of a grey land darkness lies" (Nam, RGEO:67), caitas lá/palla i sír "it is [lit. lies] (far) beyond the river" (PE17:65); the latter example demonstrates that caita can also be used of a geographical feature that "lies" in a certain place. According to PE17:72 and VT48:12-13, the pa.t. is cainë or cëantë rather than **caitanë. The "Qenya" form kakainen, translated "were lying", may seem to be related (VT27:7, 21)

fuine

noun. deep shadow

PQ. deep shadow, night shade

Quenya [PE 19:31] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

fuinë

deep shadow

fuinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY; cf. "Qenya" fuin "night" in MC:221). According to VT41:8, fuinë is not a Quenya form at all, but Telerin for Quenya huinë (but unquestionably, fuinë is quoted as a Quenya form in certain earlier sources; cf. also Fuinur below - perhaps we may assume that fuinë was borrowed into Quenya from Telerin and thus came to co-exist with huinë?

furu

lie

furu noun "a lie" _(LT2:340, GL:36) _Read perhaps *huru in a LotR-compatible form of Quenya, since Tolkien decided that fu- tended to become hu-.

huinë

deep shadow

huinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY), "gloom" (VT41:8), "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" = Sauron (LR:56). Possessive (adjectival) form huinéva in the name Taurë Huinéva, q.v. In earlier sources, huinë is quoted as a variant of fuinë, but according to VT41:8, huinë is the proper Quenya form and fuinë is Telerin.With prefix nu- "under" and allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47).

indo

heart, mood

indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.

with

(2) prep. "with" (PE17:95)

preposition. with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)

Cognates

  • S. di “with” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • “with” ✧ PE17/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> > [dē] > [lē]✧ PE17/095

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/095 ()

tindon

lay

tindon pa.t. vb? "lay" (???) (MC:220; this is "Qenya")

aira

old

aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

ala-

plant, grow

ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).

cala

light

cala ("k")noun "light" (KAL). Concerning the "Qenya" verb cala-, see #cal- above.

cala

noun. light, light; [ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours

This is the most common Quenya word for “light”, derived from the root √KAL of similar meaning (RGEO/62; PE17/84). It appears in numerous compounds, either in its full form or in a reduced form cal-.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. kala appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daytime (sunlight), 12 hours” and derived from the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), but it had the sense “light” in the phrase ᴱQ. i·kal’antúlien “Light hath returned” (LT1/184), and it was given as the cognate of G. gala “light, daylight” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/37).

ᴹQ. kala “light” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/KAL). Somewhat curiously in that document its primitive form was given as ᴹ✶k’lā́ (EtyAC/KAL), a form that also appeared in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ1) from the 1930s (PE18/38). Tolkien may have used this variant form to explain N. glaw “radiance” (< ᴹ✶g’lā́), but in later writings S. glaw “sunshine” was derived from √LAW.

Derivations

  • KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ PE17/084

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
CAL > Cala[kala]✧ PE17/084

Variations

  • Cala ✧ PE17/084; RGEO/62
Quenya [PE17/084; PE17/143; RGEO/62; VT39/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

car-

with

#car- (2) prep. "with" (carelyë "with thee"), prepositional element (evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien) (VT43:29)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

i

pronoun. that

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

isca

pale

isca ("k") adj."pale" (LT1:256)

lanta-mindon

fallen-towers

lanta-mindon Qenya pl. noun "fallen-towers"; inflected compound lanta-ránar "in falling-moon" (with pre-classical locative -r) (MC:214; these forms are "Qenya")

morĭ

adjective. dark

PQ. dark

Quenya [PE 19:81] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

móri

dark

móri adj. "dark" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)

nívë

pale

nívë adj."pale" (MC:213; this is "Qenya" Tolkien's later Quenya has néca)

olla

over

olla prep "over" (= beyond, of things passed over, as in "I went over a river" or "they went over the hill") (PE17:65)

or

over

or prep. "over" (CO); in early "Qenya", this preposition was also defined as "on, upon" (LT1:256, MC:216). Prefixed or- is translated "up" in ortil, q.v.

sana

that

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tănā ✧ VT49/11

ulca

adjective. dark

dark, gloomy, sinister

Quenya [PE 18:88] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

night, a night

(1) noun "night, a night" (DO3/DŌ, VT45:28)

Fui

night

Fui noun "Night" (PHUY) - variant Hui, which form is probably to be preferred in light of Tolkien's later insight that the related word fuinë (see below) is actually Telerin, the proper Quenya form being huinë.

Hui

night

Hui noun "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" defined as "evening" _(MC:214) or"fog, dark, murk, night" (LT1:253)._

cálë

light

cálë ("k")noun "light" (Markirya; in early "Qenya", cálë meant "morning", LT1:254)

cálë

noun. light

A noun for “light” appearing in the versions of the Markirya poem from the 1960s (MC/222-223).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kále “morning” was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), and kāle was mentioned again Gnomish Lexicon Slips as a cognate of G. gaul “a light” (PE13/114). The form ᴱQ. kale “day” appeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, but was deleted (PE14/43). It might also be an element in ᴹQ. yúkale “twilight” (= “both lights”) from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAL).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the better attested Q. cala “light”.

Element in

Variations

  • kále ✧ MC/222; MC/223
Quenya [MC/222; MC/223] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cópa

harbour, bay

[cópa] ("k")noun "harbour, bay" (KOP; changed to hópa, KHOP). Early "Qenya" likewise hascópa (also cópas) ("k")"harbour" (LT1:257).

falma

(crested/foaming) wave

falma noun "(crested/foaming) wave" (PHAL/PHÁLAS), "a wave-crest, wave" (VT42:15), "foam wave" (PE17:127), "a breaker" (PE17:62), partitive pl. falmali "many waves" (PE17:73), allative falmalinnar "on the foaming waves" in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); the phrase an i falmalī _(PE17:74) seems to be a paraphrase of this with an independent preposition instead of the allative ending -nna (see an #1). Compounded in Falmari, a name of the Teleri, and Mar-nu-Falmar, "Home/Land under Waves", a name of Númenor after the Downfall. (SA:falas) Falmari "wave-folk", a name of the Teleri (PM:386). In earlier "Qenya", falma was glossed "foam" (LT1:253, cf. MC:213). Compare also the early "Qenya" words falmar "wave as it breaks" (LT1:253), pl. falmari "waves" (MC:216)_

findë

cunning

findë (2) noun? (less likely adj.) "cunning" (LT1:253; this "Qenya" word is possibly obsoleted by # 1 above)

finië

cunning

finië noun? "cunning" (LT1:253)

fána

white

fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.

fána

adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading

Element in

Variations

  • fáne ✧ MC/221; MC/222
Quenya [MC/221; MC/222] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fánë

adjective. white

histë

dusk

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hísë

dusk

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

hísë

blinking

hísë (3) adj.? "blinking" (?) (MC:214) A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

laima

plant

laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.

laima

noun. plant

A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.

Derivations

  • LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ PE17/159

Element in

  • ᴺQ. laimamatta “vegetable food, (lit.) plant food”
  • ᴺQ. laimamatya “herbivorous, vegetarian, (lit.) plant-eating”
  • ᴺQ. nastalaima “thistle, (lit.) spear plant”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
LAY > laima[laima]✧ PE17/159

lamba

tongue

lamba (1) noun "tongue" (physical tongue, while lambë = "language") (WJ:394, LAB; according to VT45:25, Tolkien first wrote lambe, but as noted, this alternative form is rather used for "tongue" in the sense of "language")

lambe

noun. tongue

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lambë

tongue, language

lambë noun "tongue, language" (the usual word for 'language' in non-technical use) (WJ:368, 394, ÑGAL/ÑGALAM), "the language or dialect of a particular country or people...never used for 'language' in general, but only for particular forms of speech" (VT39:15); also name of tengwa #27 (Appendix E). (In early "Qenya", lambë was defined as "tongue" of body, but also of land, or even = "speech" [LT2:339]. In LotR-style Quenya lambë only means "tongue = speech", whereas the word for a physical tongue is lamba.) Lambë Valarinwa "Valarin tongue" (WJ:397), lambë Quendion "the language of the Elves" (PM:395), Lambengolmor pl. noun "Loremasters of Tongues", a school founded by Fëanor (WJ:396); sg. #Lambengolmo. Spelt Lambeñgolmor in VT48:6.

lanco

throat, swallow

lanco ("k")noun "throat, swallow" _(LAK1 , LANK). _Since this was changed by Tolkien from lango with stem *langu- and pl. langwi, it may be that lanco* should similarly have the stem lancu**- and pl. *lanqui.

lango

throat

[lango (3) noun "throat"] (Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi_; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem #angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK)

lantë

falling

lantë (2) adj.? participle? "falling" (MC:214; this is "Qenya" - in Tolkien's later Quenya lantala)

laurë

gold

laurë noun "gold", but of golden light and colour, not of the metal: "golden light" (according to PE17:61 a poetic word). Nai laurë lantuva parmastanna lúmissen tengwiesto "may (a) golden light fall on your book at the times of your reading" (VT49:47). In Etym defined as "light of the golden Tree Laurelin, gold", not properly used of the metal gold (LÁWAR/GLÁWAR, GLAW(-R), VT27:20, 27, PE17:159). In early "Qenya", however, laurë was defined as "(the mystic name of) gold" (LT1:255, 258) or simply "gold" (LT1:248, 268). In Laurelin and Laurefindil, q.v., Laurenandë "Gold-valley" = Lórien (the land, not the Vala) (UT:253) and laurinquë name of a tree, possibly *"Gold-full one" (UT:168). Laurendon "like gold" or "in gold fashion" (but after citing this form, Tolkien decided to abandon the similative ending -ndon, PE17:58).

limpë

(wine), drink of the valar

limpë noun "(wine), drink of the Valar" (LIP), cf. the early "Qenya" gloss"drink of the fairies" (LT1:258)

lindë

air, tune, singing, song

lindë noun "air, tune, singing, song" (SA:gond, (LIN2, [GLIN]); lindelorendor "music-dream-land"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... _(LotR2:III ch. 4, cf. Letters:308). _Also compare lindi- in lindimaitar, q.v. (but the other compounds here cited do not give a lindë a stem-form lindi-).

lómë

dusk, twilight

lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

lúmë

darkness

lúmë (2) noun "darkness" (one wonders if Tolkien confused lúmë "time, hour" and lómë "night") (Markirya)

lúmë

noun. darkness

A noun in the 1960s versions of the Markirya glossed “darkness” (MC/222), perhaps derived from a root √DU as suggested by David Salo in a post to the Elfling mailing list in 2012 (Elfling/362.96).

Neo-Quenya: I’d generally use Q. huinë for “darkness” in Neo-Quenya, but that word is more for total darkness, whereas lúmë might be a less severe form of darkness, a variant of Q. lómë “night, dusk”.

Derivations

  • DU “dark”

Element in

Variations

  • lúme ✧ MC/222

malta

gold

malta noun "gold", also name of tengwa #18 (Appendix E). The Etymologies (entry SMAL) instead has malda, q.v. for discussion, but according to VT46:14, the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Also compare the root MALAT listed in PM:366.

mintë

small

mintë adj. "small" (VT45:35)

mitsa

small

mitsa adj. "small" (VT45:35) Another synonym from the same source, mitra, looks unusual for a Quenya word (because of the medial cluster tr)

mori

night

mori noun "night" (LT1:261, in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)

nincë

small

*nincë (ninci*-) ("k")adj. "small". The form is given as "ninki" with the last vowel marked as short; this is probably the etymological form that would underlie Quenya nincë. The word is said to mean "small" with "good senses"; contrast nípa**, *nimpë. (VT48:18)

olo

night

?olo (reading uncertain), possibly a synonym of #1, hence noun "night" (VT45:28)

tuilë

spring, spring-time

tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.

tuilë

noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green

Cognates

  • S. ethuil “spring, spring [the season]” ✧ LotR/1107
  • S. tuil “spring”
  • Van. twílë “spring” ✧ PE19/107

Derivations

  • TUY “sprout, bud” ✧ VT39/07

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
TUJU > tuile[tuile]✧ VT39/07

Variations

  • tuile ✧ PE19/107; VT39/07
Quenya [LotR/1107; LotR/1111; PE19/107; UT/327; UTI/tuilë; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanima

beautiful, fair

vanima adj. "beautiful, fair" (BAN, VT39:14) (glossed "proper, right, fair" in early "Qenya", LT1:272, though a later source says the word is used "only of living things, especially Elves and Men", PE17:150); nominal pl. vanimar "beautiful ones", partitive pl. genitive vanimálion, translated "of beautiful children", but literally meaning *"of [some] beautiful ones") (LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308). Arwen vanimalda "Beautiful Arwen", literally "Arwen your beauty" (see -lda for reference; changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR; see vanimelda).

vilwa

air, lower air

[vilwa < wilwa] noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL; in one place vilwa was not struck out, VT46:21) According to VT46:21, Tolkien considered vilda < wilda as a replacement form, but rejected it.

wilma

air, lower air

wilma noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL)

calina

light

calina ("k")adj. "light" (KAL), "bright" (VT42:32) "(literally illumined) sunny, light" (PE17:153) but apparently a noun "light" in coacalina, q.v.

eressë

solitude

eressë noun "solitude" (ERE). In early "Qenya", eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, alone" (LT1:269).

eressë

noun. solitude, [ᴹQ.] solitude; [ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once

Cognates

  • ᴺS. ereth “solitude, oneness, loneliness”

Element in

Variations

  • erEssë ✧ LotR/1116 (erEssë)

fairië

freedom

fairië noun "freedom" (LT1:250; since this is an abstract formation based on fairë "free", a meaning only ascribed to this word in early "Qenya" whereas fairë has a string of other meanings in Tolkien's later Quenya, the conceptual validity of fairië "freedom" may be questioned).

histanë

fading

histanë pre-classical participle? "fading" (MC:213; this is "Qenya")

hosta-

gather, collect, assemble

hosta- vb. "gather, collect, assemble" (Markirya), "gather hastily together, pile up" (PE17:39), hostainiéva "will be gathered", future tense of the stative verb *hostainië*, derived from hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not conceptually valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; see -ië**. (FS)

hróva

dark, dark brown

hróva adj. "dark, dark brown", used to refer to hair (PE17:154)

langon

throat

langon noun "throat" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 above but Tolkien changed it to lanco)

mornië

darkness

mornië noun "darkness" (Nam, RGEO:67), "dark, blackness" (PE17:73). Early "Qenya" also has Mornië "Black Grief", "the black ship that plies between Mandos and Erumáni" (LT1:261). This is probably a compound of mor- "black" and nië "tear".

ninquë

white, chill, cold, palid

ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.

rávëa

roaring

rávëa adj. "roaring" (Markirya)

rávëa

adjective. roaring

A word for a “roaring” in the 1960s version of Q. Markirya poem (MC/222), an adjectival form of Q. rávë “roaring noise” (MC/223).

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
rávë“roaring noise”
-a“adjectival suffix”
Quenya [MC/222; MC/223] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanganë

gather

sanganë vb.? "gather" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

írima

lovely, beautiful, desirable

írima adj. "lovely, beautiful, desirable" (ID, FS, PE17:155), in FS also pl. írimar; in the "Qenya" of Fíriel's Song, adjectives in -a form their plurals in -ar instead of -ë as in LotR-style Quenya.

ve tauri lillassië

like leaves of forests

The fifteenth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is ve “like”, followed the plural of taurë “forest” and the plural of the adjective lillassëa “having many leaves”, in agreement with the noun.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ve taur-i lillass-ië = “✱like forest-(plural) manyleaved-(plural)”

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ve“as, like, similar, after the manner [of], as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; [ᴹQ.] with”
taurë“forest, (great) wood”
lillassëa“having many leaves”

ó

with, accompanying

Quenya [PE 22:162] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

falastanë

surging

falastanë participle (?) "surging", falastanéro vb. "was loud with surf" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya" - the participle "surging" is falastala in Tolkien's later Quenya)

fólima

secretive

fólima adj. "secretive" (LT2:340; "Qenya" spelling fôlima)

laustanë

roaring

laustanë adj.? participle? "roaring" (MC:213; this is "Qenya")

lirilla

lay, song

lirilla noun "lay, song" (LT1:258)

pustanë

blowing

pustanë participle? "blowing" (MC:213; this is "Qenya")

Tar-culu

gold

Tar-culu ("k"), name listed in the Etymologies but not elsewhere attested. The second element is apparently culu "gold" (a word Tolkien seems to have abandoned); Hostetter and Wynne suggest that this may be an alternative name of Tar-Calion (= Ar-Pharazôn "the Golden"); see VT45:24.

mor

darkness

mor noun "darkness" (Letters:308; probably just an Elvish "element" rather than a complete word; Namárië has mornië for "darkness")

taurelasselindon

like leaves of forests

taurelasselindon "like leaves of forests" (MC:213, 220; this is a "Qenya" similative form: taure-lasseli-ndon "forest-leaves-like")

Ilúvatar

all-father

Ilúvatar masc. name "All-father", God (SD:401, FS, IL; Ilúv-atar, ATA, Iluvatar with a short u, SD:346). Often in combination with the divine name as Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather", cf. MR:112. "Qenya" genitive Ilúvatáren "of Ilúvatar" in Fíriel's Song, LR:47 and SD:246, the genitive ending is -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. the later genitive Ilúvataro in the phrase Híni Ilúvataro (see "Children of Ilúvatar" in the Silmarillion Index)

númeheru

lord of the west

#númeheru noun "Lord of the West" (númë + heru), attested in these inflected forms: 1) númeheruen "of [the] Lord of the West" (Manwë) (SD:290); this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya; 2) pl. númeheruvi "Lords-of-West" ("West-lords" = Valar) in SD:246.

mori-

dark, black

mori- "dark, black" in a number of compounds (independent form morë, q.v.):Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos (MBAD, VT45:33), morimaitë "black-handed" (LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42). Moriquendi "Dark Elves" (SA:mor, WJ:361, 373), Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho (MR:194). In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto _("k") _as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth (VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo). Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth (FS). Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin (short Quenya name Moryo). (PM:353) In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective (see mórë). (PM:384, 385)

tol

island, isle

tol noun "island, isle" (rising with sheer sides from the sea or from the river, SA:tol, VT47:26). In early "Qenya", the word was defined as "island, any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc" (LT1:269). The stem is toll-; the Etymologies as published in LR gives the pl. "tolle" (TOL2), but this is a misreading for tolli (see VT46:19 and compare LT1:85). The primitive form of tol is variously cited as ¤tolla (VT47:26) and ¤tollo (TOL2).

ócom-

gather, assemble

#ócom- vb. "gather, assemble" (intransitive)(PE17:157, 158). Cited in the form ócomë "gathers, assembles", evidently an endingless aorist. Perfect ócómië given.

culo

gold

[culo, culu ("k")noun "gold" (substance)] (KUL, VT49:47; the word culu_ also occurred in early "Qenya" [LT1:258], but in the Etymologies it was struck out; the regular Quenya word for "gold" is apparently _malta. In another version, culo meant "flame" [VT45:24], but this is apparently also a word Tolkien abandoned.)

húro

storm

húro noun "storm" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

lómi

clouds

lómi noun "clouds" (MC:214; this is "Qenya"; in LotR-style Quenya it would evidently be the pl. of lómë)

ó

preposition. with

Changes

  • ó ✧ PE22/162

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/162 ()
  • ó- ✧ VT43/29
Quenya [PE22/162; VT43/29; VT43/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finië

noun. cunning

Derivations

  • PHIN “clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, [ᴹ√] nimbleness”

lérië

noun. freedom

Elements

WordGloss
léra“free (of persons)”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

Sindarin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na

preposition. to, towards, at

Sindarin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

fern

noun/adjective. dead, dead person; [N.] dead (of mortals)

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dead (of mortals)” under the root ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes”, used as a plural noun in the name Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” (Ety/PHIR). Christopher Tolkien choose to include the name Dor Firn-i-Guinar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/188), and most Sindarin writers accept its ongoing validity.

Derivations

  • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes”

Element in

rhuven

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:96:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

niben

adjective. small, petty

Sindarin [S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

niben

adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Sindarin [S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dail

adjective. lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < _delya_ < DEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

deil

lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < _delya_ < DEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

Sindarin [S/437] sereg+gond. Group: SINDICT. Published by

gorthrim

noun. the dead

Sindarin [[Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526] Group: SINDICT. Published by

silivren

adjective. (white) glittering

Sindarin [LotR/II:I, RGEO/72] silif+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

bain

beautiful

_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:165] < _banya_ < BAN fair, beautiful. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Sindarin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nu

preposition. under

Derivations

  • NŪ/UNU “down, under; go down, sink”

Element in

Sindarin [S/106; UTI/Emyn-nu-Fuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dúath

noun. nightshade

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] < pl1. _hein_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lam

noun. physical tongue

Sindarin [Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lam

tongue

_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

white

_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:19] < T. _nimbi _white. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

white

_adj. _white (usual word). >> nimp, nimras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:168] < _nimbĭ _< _nimpĭ_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

adjective. white

Cognates

  • Q. ninquë “white; chill, cold; pallid” ✧ SA/nim

Derivations

  • At. nimbi “white” ✧ PE17/019
    • ninkwi “white, pale”
    • NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
  • ninkwi “white, pale” ✧ PE17/168
    • NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
  • S. nimp “pale, pallid, white, pale, pallid, white; small and frail, [ᴱN.] wan, sickly” ✧ SA/nim
    • NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
    • nimpĭ “small” ✧ VT48/18
    • NIP “small (usually with connotation of weakness)” ✧ VT48/18

Element in

  • S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Ered Nimrais “White Mountains, (lit.) White-horns Mountains” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Nimbrethil “Silver-birches” ✧ PE17/019; PE17/019; SA/nim
  • S. Nimloth “White Blossom, Pale Blossom” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Nimras “White Horn” ✧ PE17/168
  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
At. nimbi > nim[nimbi] > [nimbe] > [nimb] > [nimm] > [nimm] > [nim]✧ PE17/019
Sindarin [PE17/019; PE17/168; SA/nim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

bain

adjective. beautiful, fair

Sindarin [Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

celu

noun. spring, source

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coru

adjective. cunning, wily

Sindarin [Ety/366, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

adjective. dark

_ adj. _dark, black shadow.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:87] < _du-wath_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dûr

dark

_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:152] < _(n)dūrā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

fain

noun/adjective. white

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fain

noun/adjective. cloud

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

Sindarin [Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

Cognates

  • Q. yára “old, ancient, old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times” ✧ RC/579

Derivations

  • YA “*there, over there; (of time) back, ago, [ᴹ√] there, over there; (of time) back, ago”

Element in

Variations

  • Iaur ✧ RC/523; UT/384; WJ/192
Sindarin [RC/523; RC/579; SA/iaur; UT/384; WJ/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanc

noun. throat

Sindarin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lind

noun. air, tune

Sindarin [Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malt

noun. gold, gold (as metal)

Cognates

  • Q. malta “gold (metal), gold as material” ✧ PE17/050

Derivations

Element in

Sindarin [PE17/050; VT42/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melui

adjective. lovely, sweet

This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

Sindarin [LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18, RC/582] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. small and frail

Sindarin [VT/48:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale

adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:55:168] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nuin

preposition. under the

Sindarin [Ety/378, etc.] nu+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

gerund noun. light

Sindarin [Ety/362, UT/65] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cidinn

adjective. small

_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:157] < KIN, KIT. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cinnog

adjective. small

_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:157] < KIN, KIT. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cova-

verb. gather

weak intr. v. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet. mae-govannen 'well met'. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:157] < KOB, KOM gather, collect, bring to same place/point. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

night

_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:152] < _dōmē _< DOM. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

Sindarin [VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

glân

adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean

Derivations

Element in

gwelu

noun. air (as substance)

Sindarin [Ety/398, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

Sindarin [Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ethuil

noun. spring, spring [the season]

Cognates

  • Q. tuilë “spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green” ✧ LotR/1107

Element in

Variations

  • Ethuil ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
Sindarin [AotM/062; LotR/1107; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

peleth

noun. fading, withering

Sindarin [Narbeleth LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tuil

noun. spring

Cognates

  • Q. tuilë “spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green”

Element in

  • S. Thranduil “Vigorous Spring” ✧ PE17/027
Sindarin [PE17/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430, UT/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gorth

noun. a dead person

Sindarin [[Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526, gyrth Letters/4] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

Sindarin [VT/41:11,15] Group: SINDICT. Published by

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

Sindarin [Ety/373, Letters/382] Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tol

noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river

Sindarin [Ety/394, S/438, VT/47:13, RC/333-334] Group: SINDICT. Published by

di

preposition. with

_ prep. _with. Q. .

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] < _dē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

di

preposition. with

Changes

  • didi “with” ✧ PE17/095

Cognates

  • Q. “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • “with” ✧ PE17/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> di[dē] > [dī] > [di]✧ PE17/095

Variations

  • di ✧ PE17/095 (di)
Sindarin [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

moth

dusk

1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

noun. dusk

Element in

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

na

with

(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

na

with

(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

faen

white

(radiant). No distinct pl. form.

gorth

dead

(adj.) 1) gorth (lenited ngorth; pl. gyrth), also fern, pl. firn. These adjectives may also be used as nouns ”dead person(s)”. According to LR:381 s.v. _

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix - apparently meaning ”heart”..

niben

small

(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 

pelin

fading

(noun) 3) *pelin (i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.

pelin

fading

(i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.

lammen

my tongue

.

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

gwelwen

air

1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)

gwelwen

air

(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)

glaer

long lay

(i ’laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer)

silivren

glittering white

(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb

bain

beautiful

bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

beautiful

(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

nu

under

1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) , unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

nu

under

followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

aew

small bird

. No distinct pl. form.

elu

pale blue

(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).

glîr

lay

glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**;

glîr

lay

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath;

gwelu

air

2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..

gwelu

air

(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..

lam

tongue

(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lam

tongue

(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lind

air

3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)

lind

air

(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

celu

spring

(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

celu

spring

(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

doll

dark

doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

doll

dark

(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

dûr

dark

dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

dûr

dark

(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

fain

white

; no distinct pl. form.

fuin

darkness

(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

fêr

mast

(of a beech, not on a ship)fêr (feren-, pl. ferin) (beech)

fêr

mast

(feren-, pl. ferin) (beech)

gael

pale

(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.

graw

dark

graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

graw

dark

(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

lanc

throat

lanc (neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

throat

(neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lond

harbour

(haven, pass, strait; narrow path), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294)

lorn

harbour

lorn (anchorage, haven, quiet water), pl. lyrn (VT45:29)

lorn

harbour

(anchorage, haven, quiet water), pl. lyrn (VT45:29)

maidh

pale

1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

maidh

pale

(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)

mall

gold

(i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

malt

gold

(i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i ’lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) (VT41:10)

malu

pale

(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

morn

dark

morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

morn

dark

(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

môr

dark

môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also

môr

dark

(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also

nimp

white

(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.

nimp

small

no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)

nimp

pale

(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form

or

over

(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)

or

over

(above, high)

talt

falling

(adj.) talt (lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)

talt

falling

(lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)

thar

over

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)

thar

over

(across, athwart, beyond)

thind

pale

(grey); no distinct pl. form

tinu

small star

(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely  tinwath.

tolf

noun. mast

@@@ Discord 2022-03-27

Cognates

Elements

WordGloss
tyulmā“mast”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

tuia

spring

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

tuia

spring

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

under

unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

night

1) (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

glân

white

1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.

glân

white

(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.

gwaew

storm

1) gwaew (i **waew) (wind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew**), 2)

gwaew

storm

(i ’waew) (wind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)

gwind

pale blue

(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).

malad

gold

(as metal) 1) malad (i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl. 2) malt (i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i **lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10) GOLD (COLOUR?) *mall (i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

malad

gold

(i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl.

mîw

small

1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)

mîw

small

(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form

pêg

small spot

(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

firith

season of fading

(no distinct pl. form).

alagos

storm of wind

(pl. elegys, coll. pl. alagossath)

dannad

noun. falling

Elements

WordGloss
danna-“to fall”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);

eithel

spring

(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

ethuil

spring

(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW

ethuil

spring

(no distinct pl. form).

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glâd

small forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).

lammas

account of tongues

toll

island

toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)

coru

cunning

(adj.) coru (wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

coru

cunning

(wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

graurim

dark people

(VT45:16);

hûb

harbour

1) hûb (i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven, small landlocked bay), pl. huib (i chuib), 2) lond (haven, pass, strait; narrow path), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294); 3)

hûb

harbour

(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven, small landlocked bay), pl. huib (i chuib)

darkness

1) (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

darkness

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

môr

darkness

(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

mith

pale grey

(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.

guldur

dark sorcery

(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)

curu

cunning device

(i guru, o churu) (skill, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24). Similar forms function as adjectives:

hûb

small landlocked bay

(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).

Telerin 

cala

noun. light

nimbi

adjective. white

Derivations

  • At. nimbi “white”
    • ninkwi “white, pale”
    • NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
Telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nimbi

adjective. white

About Nimrodel: "Nim is evidently the Telerin word nimbi 'white'." >> Nimrais >> Nimrodel

Telerin [PE17/49] Published by

Quendya 

huine

noun. deep shadow

deep shadow, night shade

Quendya [PE 19:31 PE 19:71] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

twílë

noun. spring

Cognates

  • Q. tuilë “spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green” ✧ PE19/107

Variations

  • twīle ✧ PE19/107

Nandorin 

lóri

noun. gold

Cognates

  • Q. laurë “gold (light or colour)” ✧ NM/347; PE17/048
  • T. glavarë “golden light”

Element in

  • Nan. Lórinand “Valley of Gold(en Light)” ✧ NM/347; PE17/048

Variations

  • lōri ✧ NM/347
  • lór- ✧ PE17/048
Nandorin [NM/347; PE17/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lygn

adjective. pale

Primitive form given as lugni "blue", sc. the stem LUG1 (LR:370, not defined) with an ending -ni not otherwise attested, though -i is an ending found on many primitive colour-adjectives. The ending _-i _causes umlaut u > y; compare yrc as the plural of urc "Orc". That a short original final -i is capable of causing such an umlaut at the Common Eldarin stage is somewhat surprising, since Primitive Quendian lugni should have become *lugne at this stage, and final e would hardly cause umlaut. Perhaps we are to understand that the change of final i to Common Eldarin e happened relatively late, after the Eldar had crossed the Hihtaeglir and parted with the Nandor?

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:370)] < LUG. Published by

Black Speech

sha

preposition. with

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/079; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

búrz

adjective. dark

Element in

  • Bs. burzum “darkness” ✧ PE17/011; PE17/012
  • Bs. Lugbúrz “Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/079

Variations

  • burz ✧ PE17/012
Black Speech [PE17/011; PE17/012; PE17/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

burzum

noun. darkness

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
búrz“dark”
-um“particularizing suffix”
Black Speech [LotR/0254; PE17/011; PE17/012] Group: Eldamo. Published by

búrz

adjective. dark

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

burzum

noun. darkness

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

Adûnaic

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

Element in

Variations

  • dāira ✧ SD/247

sulum

noun. mast

A noun translated “mast” illustrating the development of Primitive Adûnaic palatals, or c-series (SD/419). This example may also be related to the draft (?Adûnaic) name for the Pillar of Heaven Meneltyūlā, which contains a word much like the cognate of sulum: Q. tyulma.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tyulma “mast” ✧ SD/419

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tyulmā “mast” ✧ SD/419
    • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall” ✧ Ety/TYUL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kyulumā > sulum[culum] > [sulum]✧ SD/419

-mâ

preposition. with

A prepositional suffix translated “with” (SD/247, 429).

Conceptual Development: At an earlier conceptual stage, it was the grammatical inflection -ma used for the draft-instrumental (SD/438).

Element in

Variations

  • -mā ✧ SD/247
  • ✧ SD/429
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/429] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khibil

noun. spring

A noun translated “spring” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

pharaz

noun. gold

A noun meaning “gold”, the only Adûnaic word defined in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1114).

Conceptual Development: This noun also appears in “Lowdham’s Report on the Adunaic Language” from the 1940s (SD/426).

Element in

Adûnaic [LotR/1114; PE17/120; SD/426] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

banya

adjective. beautiful

Derivations

  • BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/165

Derivatives

  • Q. Vanya “Fair Elves, the Fair” ✧ PM/402
    • T. Vania “Vanya” ✧ WJ/383
  • Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/165
  • S. bain “fair, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair-haired, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair, fair-haired” ✧ PE17/165
Primitive elvish [PE17/165; PM/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mornā

adjective. dark

Derivations

  • MOR “black, dark, darkness” ✧ Let/382

Derivatives

  • Q. morna “black, dark; black of hair, black, dark; black of hair; [ᴹQ.] sombre, gloomy” ✧ Let/382
  • S. morn “black, dark; night” ✧ Let/382; WJ/362
Primitive elvish [Let/382; WJ/362] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kyulmā

noun. mast

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall”

Derivatives

Element in

Variations

  • kjulmā ✧ PE21/74
Primitive elvish [PE21/74] Group: Eldamo. Published by

preposition. with

Derivatives

  • Q. “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095
  • S. di “with” ✧ PE17/095
Primitive elvish [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mal

root. gold, yellow, gold

This was the root for Elvish words meaning “yellow” for much of Tolkien’s life, though with some minor variations. It appeared as ᴱ√MALA “yellow” (usually mali-) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. malina “yellow” and ᴱQ. malikon “amber” (QL/58). It also appeared in a list of M-roots at the end of that section (QL/63). It had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. malon “yellow” and G. malthos “butter cup” (GL/56).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems Tolkien first gave this root as ᴹ√MAL (EtyAC/MAL) but rejected this and replaced it with ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). It had derivatives like ᴹQ. malina/N. malen “yellow”, ᴹQ. malta/N. malt “gold (as metal)” and ᴹQ. malo/N. hmâl “pollen, yellow powder” (< ᴹ✶smalu), with some revisions in Noldorin forms as Tolkien vacillated on whether or not primitive sm- resulted in voiceless nasal hm- or a voiced nasal m-.

This √SMAL vs. √MAL variation seems to have continued into Tolkien’s later writings, as seen in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s where ✶malu >> ✶smalu “dust, grit” (PE21/80), probably a later iteration of ᴹ✶smalu “pollen, yellow powder” from The Etymologies. But it seems Tolkien settled on √MAL as evidenced by the extended root √MALAT “gold” from The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/366).

Derivatives

  • malnā “yellow, of golden colour”
    • Q. malina “yellow, of golden colour” ✧ PE17/051
  • malu “dust”
  • smalu “dust, grit, [ᴹ✶] pollen, yellow powder; [✶] dust, grit”
  • S. mallen “golden, golden, [N.] of gold”

Element in

Variations

  • mal- ✧ SA/mal
Primitive elvish [SA/mal] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nik

root. small

One of various roots for “small” Tolkien used in his later writings. The root √NIK “small” first appeared in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s (VT47/26; VT48/18), but was connected to the diminutive suffix ✶-i(n)ki which had a much longer conceptual history. One of the earliest known diminutive suffix was ᴱQ. -íne(a) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s from the root ᴱ√INI “small” (QL/42), which might be a precursor to √NIK; these suffixes reappeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/49, 81). In the Gnomish Grammar of the 1910s, the word G. inc “small” was used as the basis for the “diminutive superlative” -inci (PE11/16).

In the Qenya Lexicon, Tolkien connected ᴱ√INI “small” to the root ᴱ√MINI of similar meaning (QL/42, 61). There are no signs of ᴱ√MINI “small” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, but the word G. migin “little” (GL/57) hints at a (hypothetical) variant root ✱ᴱ√MIKI. Further support for ✱ᴱ√MIKI can be found in other diminutive forms in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s such as prefixal diminutive ᴱQ. mike- along adverbial ᴱQ. mike “little” (QL/48, 81), the latter appearing with the gloss “a bit” in the English-Qenya Dictionary from this period (PE15/70) along with other similar words in both the dictionary and the grammar. This ✱ᴱ√MIKI might be another precursor to √NIK. An early hint at √NIK itself might appear in the word ᴹQ. nikse “minnow, little fish” from the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/27).

In Noldorin and Sindarin, the primary diminutive suffix became -eg, which was connected to the Common Eldarin suffix -iki elsewhere in notes on hands and fingers (VT47/14 note #21). In the notes where √NIK “small” appeared in the late 1960s, Tolkien gave the primitive diminutive as -inkĭ along with variants ikki, -iksi, -si, -ensi, -ki.

One of the main competing roots for “small” was ᴹ√PIK [see the entry for √PI(N)], itself with a lengthy conceptual history. The shift of pitya >> nitya “little” in the father name of Amrod from the late 1960s may represent a replacement of √PIK by √NIK (PM/365), but I think it is likelier the two roots coexisted with slightly different meanings, as was the case for their earlier precursors. In the notes from the late 1960s, √NIK was also contrasted with √NIP “small (usually with connotation of weakness)” (VT48/18), from which the word S. niben “petty” was derived, as in S. Nogoth Niben (WJ/388).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √NIK meant “small” in a neutral sense, √PIK “tiny” (along with variants √ and √PIN) and √NIP “small and weak”. I would use these as the major Eldarin roots for “small” words, along with a number of other more specialized roots.

Derivatives

  • -i(n)ki “diminutive suffix” ✧ VT47/26; VT48/18
    • Q. -incë “diminutive ending”
    • S. -eg “diminutive/singular ending”
  • ninkĭ “small” ✧ VT48/18
  • Q. níca “little, small” ✧ VT47/26; VT48/18
  • ᴺQ. nihta “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
  • ᴺQ. nihta- “to reduce, make small”
  • ᴹQ. nikse “minnow, little fish”
  • Q. nitya “little”
  • S. niged “little finger”
  • ᴺS. nigol “mouse, (lit.) small one”
  • ᴺS. nítha- “to reduce, make small”
  • T. nícë “little finger”

Element in

  • niktil “little [finger]” ✧ VT47/26

Variations

  • nik ✧ VT47/26; VT48/18
Primitive elvish [VT47/26; VT48/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dom

root. dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim

This root was the basis for the main Elvish words for “dusk, night”, which was established as Q. lómë in Quenya for most of Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√LOMO in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, unglossed but with various derivatives having to do with “dusk” and “shadow” (QL/55). One notable derivative was ᴱQ. lóme “dusk, gloom, darkness”, which survived in Tolkien’s later writings as “night” and in the 1910s was the basis for ᴱQ. Hisilóme/G. Hithlum “Shadowy Twilights”. Another notable derivative was G. lómin “shady, shadowy, gloomy; gloom(iness)” (GL/45) used in the name G. Dor Lómin, which in the 1910s was translated as “Land of Shadow” (LT1/112).

The “shadow” meaning of this early root seems to have transferred to ᴹ√LUM from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which served as the new basis for N. Hithlum (Ety/LUM), as opposed contemporaneous N. Dor-lómen which was redefined as “Land of Echoes (< ᴹ√LAM via Ilkorin or in later writings, via North Sindarin). The “dusk” sense was transferred to a new root ᴹ√DOM “faint, dim”, which (along with ᴹ√DOƷ) was the basis for the pair words ᴹQ. lóme/N. “night” (Ety/DOMO).

These two words for “night” survived in Tolkien’s later writing in both Quenya and Sindarin (Let/308; SA/dú). In notes from the 1940s Tolkien clarified that it “has no evil connotations; it is a word of peace and beauty and has none of the associations of fear or groping that, say, ‘dark’ has for us” (SD/306). The Elves were quite comfortable being under the night sky, dating back to the time when the Elves lived under the stars before the rising of the Sun and the Moon. The root √DOM reappeared in etymologies for star-words from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/152). It appeared again in some very late notes from 1969 where it was glossed “dark” and served as the basis for words meaning “blind” as well as “night”, though this paragraph was rejected (PE22/153, note #50).

Derivatives

  • dōmē “night, twilight” ✧ PE17/152
    • Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
    • S. “night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
  • ᴺQ. lomba “blind”
  • Q. lomba “blind” ✧ PE22/153
  • Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE22/153
  • ᴺS. dom “blind”
  • S. dom “blind” ✧ PE22/153
Primitive elvish [PE17/151; PE17/152; PE22/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orlā

preposition. over

Derivatives

  • Q. olla “over [beyond]” ✧ PE17/065

Variations

  • or-lā ✧ PE17/065 (or-lā)
Primitive elvish [PE17/065] Group: Eldamo. Published by

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

  • S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042
Primitive elvish [PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalat

noun. light

Derivatives

Variations

  • kalā́t- ✧ PE18/087
Primitive elvish [PE18/087; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malat

root. gold

Derivatives

  • mal(a)tā “gold (as metal)”
    • Q. malta “gold (metal), gold as material”
  • S. malt “gold, gold (as metal)”

Elements

WordGloss
MAL“gold, yellow, gold”
Primitive elvish [PM/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nimpĭ

adjective. small

Derivations

  • NIP “small (usually with connotation of weakness)” ✧ VT48/18

Derivatives

  • S. nimp “pale, pallid, white, pale, pallid, white; small and frail, [ᴱN.] wan, sickly” ✧ VT48/18
    • S. nim “white” ✧ SA/nim
Primitive elvish [VT48/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninkĭ

adjective. small

Derivations

  • NIK “small” ✧ VT48/18
Primitive elvish [VT48/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tollă

noun. island

Derivations

  • TOL “stick up or out, stand up (out and above neighboring things), raise the head” ✧ VT47/26

Derivatives

  • Q. tollë “island, (steep) isle” ✧ VT47/26
Primitive elvish [VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wagmē

noun. storm

Derivations

  • “blow; noise of wind, echoic representation of sound of wind” ✧ NM/237
  • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/034

Derivatives

  • Q. vangwë “storm; blow, storm, *gale; blow” ✧ NM/237; PE17/034
  • S. gwaew “storm; blow” ✧ NM/237; PE17/034

Variations

  • wagme ✧ PE17/034
Primitive elvish [NM/237; PE17/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us(u)kwē

noun. dusk

Derivations

  • USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Derivatives

  • Q. usquë “dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; [Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Variations

  • uskwē ✧ PE18/100
  • usukwē ✧ PE21/71
Primitive elvish [PE18/100; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

du Reconstructed

root. dark

Derivatives

  • durnu “dark of hue”
    • ᴺQ. nurno “dark, deep (of hue)”
  • Q. lúmë “darkness”
  • Q. lúna “*dark”

Noldorin 

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

Noldorin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na

preposition. to, towards, at

Noldorin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bein

adjective. beautiful, fair

Noldorin [Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. white

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fern

noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fern

noun/adjective. dead person

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhufen

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • N. Gondobar “Stone of the World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > amar[ambar] > [ambar] > [ammar] > [amar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Changes

  • cíwcoe ✧ Ety/KEM

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kemen “soil, earth; Great Lands” ✧ Ety/KEM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
  • ᴹ✶kēm “*earth” ✧ EtyAC/KEM
    • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KEM > coe[kǣm] > [kaim] > [kai] > [koe]✧ Ety/KEM
ᴹ✶kēm > cíw[kēm] > [kīm] > [kīv] > [kīw]✧ EtyAC/KEM

Variations

  • cíw ✧ EtyAC/KEM (cíw)
Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pelin

noun. fading, withering

Noldorin [Lhasbelin Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lamben

place name. Tongue

A transient name for the Naith in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Tongue” (TI/280). It seems to be an elaboration or variant form of N. lham(b) “tongue”.

Elements

WordGloss
lham(b)“tongue”
Noldorin [TI/280; TII/Lamben] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mallen

adjective. of gold, golden

Noldorin [Ety/386, RC/625, VT/46:14, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brassen

adjective. white-hot

Noldorin [Ety/351] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwelwen

noun. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer)

Noldorin [Ety/398] gwelu+men. Group: SINDICT. Published by

malthen

adjective. of gold, golden

Noldorin [Ety/386, RC/625, VT/46:14, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mithren

adjective. small

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. mitsa “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT; EtyAC/MIT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIT “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
  • ᴹ✶mitra “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
    • ᴹ√MIT “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MIT > mint[minte] > [mintʰe] > [minθe] > [minθ] > [mint]✧ EtyAC/MIT
ᴹ✶mitra > mithren[?]✧ EtyAC/MIT

Variations

  • mint ✧ EtyAC/MIT (mint)
Noldorin [EtyAC/MIT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

no

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

no

preposition. under

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nu “under” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no[nu] > [no]✧ Ety/NU

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

noun. nightshade

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúwath

noun. nightshade

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîw

adjective. small, tiny, frail

Noldorin [VT/45:35] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an-

prefix. with, by

Noldorin [Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daw

noun. night-time, gloom

Noldorin [Ety/354] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

côl

noun. gold (metal)

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

celw

noun. spring, source

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

corw

adjective. cunning, wily

Noldorin [Ety/366, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dûr

adjective. dark

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lóna “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DOƷ “night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > dûr[dōr] > [dūr]✧ Ety/DOƷ

Variations

  • Dûr ✧ WR/113
Noldorin [Ety/DOƷ; WR/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

Noldorin [Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gael

adjective. pale, glimmering

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gail

noun. bright light

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gal-

prefix. light

Noldorin [galvorn, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lham

noun. physical tongue

Noldorin [Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malt

noun. gold (as metal)

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nim-

adjective. pale, white

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale, white

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ninqe “white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NIK-W > nimp[niŋkwi] > [niŋkwe] > [nimpe] > [nimpʰe] > [nimɸe] > [nimfe] > [nimf] > [nimp] > [nimp]✧ Ety/NIK-W
Noldorin [Ety/NIK-W] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuin

preposition. under the

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] nu+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

gerund noun. light

Noldorin [Ety/362, UT/65] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

noun. light

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAL > calad[kalata] > [kalat] > [kalad]✧ Ety/KAL
Noldorin [Ety/KAL; Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galad

noun. light

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/GAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GAL > galad[galata] > [galat] > [galad]✧ Ety/GAL
Noldorin [EtyAC/GAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaer

noun. long lay, narrative poem

Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/45:15

Noldorin [Ety/359, VT/45:15] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glaur

noun. gold

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. laure “gold” ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(G)LAWAR “*gold” ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR

Element in

  • N. Glorfindel ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
  • N. gloriel “golden” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
  • N. Inglor “*Heart of Gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
  • N. Maglor “Gold-cleaver” ✧ Ety/MAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GLAW(-R) > glaur[glawre] > [glaure] > [glǭre] > [gloure] > [glaure] > [glaur]✧ Ety/GLAW(-R)
ᴹ√GLÁWAR > glaur[glawre] > [glaure] > [glǭre] > [gloure] > [glaure] > [glaur]✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Variations

  • glor-/lor- ✧ EtyAC/LÁWAR
Noldorin [Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR; Ety/MAK; EtyAC/LÁWAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaur

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/368] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwelw

noun. air (as substance)

Noldorin [Ety/398, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

Noldorin [Ety/364] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400] în+gem "year-sick". Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhamb

noun. physical tongue

Noldorin [Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhanc

noun. throat

Noldorin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhanc

noun. throat

Changes

  • lhanglhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lanko “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹
  • ᴹQ. lango “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹

Element in

  • N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LANK > lhanc[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LANG > lhang[laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ]✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LAK¹ > lhanc[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]✧ EtyAC/LAK¹

Variations

  • lhang ✧ Ety/LANK (lhang)
Noldorin [Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhind

noun. air, tune

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhinn

noun. air, tune

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

maidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

Noldorin [Ety/371, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

meidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

Noldorin [Ety/371, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

alagon

noun. storm

alagos

noun. storm of wind

Noldorin [Ety/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use

Noldorin [Ety/353] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

Noldorin [Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ethuil

noun. spring

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tuile “spring, spring-time” ✧ PM/134

Variations

  • Ethuil ✧ PM/135

lham(b)

noun. tongue

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lamba “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lambe
    • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/ÑGAL
  • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAB > lham(b)[lambe] > [lamb] > [l̥amb] > [l̥amb] > [l̥amm] > [l̥am]✧ Ety/LAB

Variations

  • lham ✧ PE22/035
  • lhamb ✧ PE22/035 (lhamb)
Noldorin [Ety/LAB; PE22/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

curu

noun. cunning

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kurwe “craft” ✧ Ety/KUR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUR “craft” ✧ Ety/KUR

Element in

  • N. crumguru “wiley, sinister, guilty” ✧ EtyAC/KUR
  • N. Curufin “Crafty” ✧ Ety/KUR
  • N. curunir “a man of craft, wizard” ✧ Ety/KUR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUR > curw > curu[kurwe] > [kurwe] > [kurw] > [kuru]✧ Ety/KUR
ᴹ√KUR > cyry[kurwi] > [kyrwi] > [kyrui] > [kyry]✧ Ety/KUR
Noldorin [Ety/KUR; EtyAC/KUR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dúwath

noun. darkness, shadow

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

glor-

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/368] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430, UT/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwilith

noun. air (as a region)

Noldorin [Ety/398] Group: SINDICT. Published by

doll

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/376, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dolt

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/376, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

Noldorin [Ety/373, Letters/382] Group: SINDICT. Published by

toll

noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river

Noldorin [Ety/394, S/438, VT/47:13, RC/333-334] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

zara

adjective. old

Element in

Variations

  • Zāra ✧ PM/051 (Zāra)
Westron [LotR/1138; PM/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient telerin

nimbi

adjective. white

Derivations

  • ninkwi “white, pale”
    • NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168

Derivatives

  • S. nim “white” ✧ PE17/019
  • T. nimbi “white”

Element in

  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” ✧ PE17/049
Ancient telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uso

noun. dusk

Derivations

  • USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE21/71

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
usuk > uso[usuk] > [usu] > [uso]✧ PE21/71
Ancient telerin [PE21/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

miy

root. small

A root glossed “small” that Tolkien wrote in its full-form ✶Ad. √MIYI (SD/427). For consistency this entry has normalized it to the basic form of biconsonantal roots. Although glossed as “small”, all of its attested derivatives have to do with babies.

Derivatives

  • Ad. mîk “*baby boy” ✧ SD/427
  • Ad. miya “infant” ✧ SD/427

Element in

  • Ad. mîth “baby girl, maid-child, little girl” ✧ SD/427

Variations

  • MIYI ✧ SD/427
Primitive adûnaic [SD/427] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Valarin 

šebeth

noun. air

ithīr

noun. light

Qenya 

qalin

adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying

An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).

Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” ✧ Ety/KWAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KWAL > qalin[kwalin]✧ Ety/KWAL

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

  • hun ✧ PE21/19
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luina

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUY > luina[luina]✧ EtyAC/LUY

lóna

adjective. dark

Cognates

  • N. dûr “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DOƷ “night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > lóna[doɣna] > [dōna] > [lōna]✧ Ety/DOƷ

Variations

  • lóna ✧ Ety/DOƷ

ninqe

adjective. white

Cognates

  • N. nimp “pale” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ninkwi “white, pale” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
    • ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Element in

  • ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Ninqendi “White-elves”
  • ᴹQ. ninqeri “*white (female thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
  • ᴹQ. ninqeru “white man, white male swan, white ship, white (male thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
  • ᴹQ. ninqisse “whiteness” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Ninqelóte “Pale Blossom”
  • ᴹQ. ninqita- “to whiten, make white; to shine white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W; Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Taniqetil “High White Horn” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ninkwi > ninqe[niŋkwi] > [niŋkwe]✧ Ety/NIK-W
Qenya [Ety/NIK-W; PE21/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulma

noun. mast

Cognates

  • Ad. sulum “mast” ✧ SD/419

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tyulmā “mast” ✧ Ety/TYUL; SD/419
    • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall” ✧ Ety/TYUL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tyulmā > tyulma[tjulmā] > [tjulma]✧ Ety/TYUL
ᴹ✶kyulumā > tyulma[kjulumā] > [kjulmā] > [tjulmā] > [tjulma]✧ SD/419
Qenya [Ety/TYUL; SD/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

muile

noun. secrecy

Cognates

  • Ilk. muil “twilight, shadow, vagueness” ✧ Ety/MUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MUY “*secret” ✧ Ety/MUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MUY > muile[muile]✧ Ety/MUY
Qenya [Ety/MUY; PE22/019] Group: Eldamo. Published by

in

pronoun. that

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

no

preposition. under

nu

preposition. under

Cognates

  • N. no “under” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no[nu] > [no]✧ Ety/NU

Variations

  • no ✧ Ety/NU
  • nau ✧ EtyAC/NU
Qenya [Ety/NU; EtyAC/NU; LR/047; LR/056; SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sa

pronoun. that

Element in

ve

preposition. with

Element in

fuine

noun. deep shadow

vista

place name. Air

Name for the region of Air in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/236). It is simply vista “air as substance” used as a name.

Elements

WordGloss
vista“air as substance”
Qenya [LRI/Vista; SM/236; SM/240; SM/241; SMI/Vista; SMI/Wilwa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

pronoun. that

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
  • in ✧ PE22/118
Qenya [PE22/118; PE22/124; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kala

noun. light

Cognates

  • N. glaw “radiance” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶k’lā “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL; PE18/038

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶k’lā́ > kala[kala]✧ Ety/KAL

sana

adjective. that

Element in

lamba

noun. tongue

Changes

  • lambelamba ✧ EtyAC/LAB

Cognates

  • N. lham(b) “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAB > lamba[lamba]✧ Ety/LAB

Variations

  • lamba ✧ Ety/LAB; EtyAC/LAB
  • lambe ✧ EtyAC/LAB (lambe)
Qenya [Ety/LAB; EtyAC/LAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lango

noun. throat

Changes

  • langolanko “neck” ✧ Ety/LANK

Cognates

  • N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LANG > lango[laŋgo]✧ Ety/LANK

Variations

  • lango ✧ Ety/LANK (lango); EtyAC/LANK (lango); PE21/08
  • langwi ✧ EtyAC/LANK (✶langwi)
Qenya [Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LANK; PE21/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanko

noun. throat

Cognates

  • N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAK¹ > lanko[laŋko]✧ Ety/LAK¹
ᴹ√LANK > lanko[laŋko]✧ Ety/LANK
Qenya [Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laure

noun. gold

Cognates

  • N. glaur “gold” ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR
  • Ilk. laur “gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
  • Dan. laur “gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(G)LAWAR “*gold” ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R)
  • ᴹ✶laurē “light of the golden tree Laurelin” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
    • ᴹ√(G)LAWAR “*gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Laurelin “Song of Gold” ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R) (Laurelin); Ety/LÁWAR
  • ᴹQ. Makalaure “Gold-cleaver”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GLAW(-R) > laure[glaurē] > [ɣlaurē] > [laurē] > [laure]✧ Ety/GLAW(-R)
ᴹ✶laurē > laure[laurē] > [laure]✧ Ety/LÁWAR
Qenya [Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR; PE19/037; PE22/019; PE22/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mitsa

adjective. small

Cognates

  • N. mithren “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT; EtyAC/MIT

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶mitra “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
    • ᴹ√MIT “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
  • ᴹ√MIT “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶mitra > mitsa[mitra] > [mitsa]✧ EtyAC/MIT
ᴹ√MIT > minte[minte]✧ EtyAC/MIT

Variations

  • minte ✧ EtyAC/MIT (minte)

eresse

noun. solitude

Element in

  • ᴹQ. eressea “lonely” ✧ Ety/ERE

Elements

WordGloss
er“one, alone”
-sse“abstract noun”

kalina

adjective. light

Cognates

  • N. calen “green, (orig.) bright-coloured” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAL > kalina[kalina]✧ Ety/KAL

tol

noun. island

Cognates

  • N. toll “island, isle” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tollo “island” ✧ Ety/TOL²
    • ᴹ√TOL “*stand up” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tollo > tol[tollo] > [toll] > [tol]✧ Ety/TOL²

Variations

  • tolle ✧ EtyAC/TOL²
Qenya [Ety/TOL²; EtyAC/TOL²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

laur

noun. gold

A Doriathrin noun for “gold” developed from primitive ᴹ✶laurē, properly golden light rather than the metal (Ety/LÁWAR).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. laure “gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶laurē “light of the golden tree Laurelin” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
    • ᴹ√(G)LAWAR “*gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶laurē > laur[laurē] > [laure] > [laur]✧ Ety/LÁWAR
Doriathrin [Ety/LÁWAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lûn

adjective. pale

A Doriathrin adjective for “pale” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lugni, a revision of the form luin that appeared in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (Ety/LUG², EtyAC/LUG²). The revision of [ui] >> [ū] probably reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on how primitive [[ilk|[g] vocalized before [m], [n]]] in Ilkorin. The earlier form of this word might an element in the name Draugluin “Werewolf” (LR/134), which in earlier writings was glossed “Werewolf Pale” (LB/205). The early Noldorin word ᴱN. lhui “pale” might be a precursor to it (PE13/149).

Changes

  • luinlūn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUG²

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. luina “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > luin[lugni] > [lugne] > [luine] > [luin]✧ Ety/LUG²
ᴹ✶lugni > lūn[lugni] > [lugne] > [lūne] > [lūn]✧ Ety/LUG²

Variations

  • luin ✧ Ety/LUG² (Dor. luin); EtyAC/LUY (Dor. luin)
  • lūn ✧ EtyAC/LUG² (Dor. lūn)
Doriathrin [Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²; EtyAC/LUY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ungol

noun. darkness

A noun for “darkness” developed from the root ᴹ√UÑG (Ety/UÑG), perhaps from a primitive form ✱✶uñglē̆ [uŋglē̆] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/ungol): after the [[ilk|primitive final [e] was lost]], the resulting [[ilk|final [l] would become syllabic and develop into [-ol]]].

Derivations

  • ᴹ√UÑG “*gloom” ✧ Ety/UÑG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√UÑG > ungol[uŋgle] > [uŋgl] > [uŋgol]✧ Ety/UÑG
Doriathrin [Ety/UÑG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gôl

noun. light

A (rejected?) Doriathrin noun for “light” derived from primitive ᴹ✶gālæ appearing in The Etymologies (Ety/KAL, EtyAC/KAL). According to Christopher Tolkien’s notes, it was part of a rejected etymology for the name Thingol, but it isn’t clear whether this noun was rejected or if it was just the etymology. Its long primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] as was the norm in Ilkorin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶gālæ “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

  • Ilk. ThingolGrey-wise” ✧ Ety/KAL (Thingol*)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶gālæ > gôl[gālæ] > [gāla] > [gōla] > [gōl]✧ Ety/KAL

Variations

  • gôl ✧ Ety/KAL (Dor. gôl); EtyAC/KAL (N. gôl)
Doriathrin [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ossriandric

laur

noun. gold

A noun for “gold” developed from primitive ᴹ✶laurē, and one of the few words explicitly marked as Ossiriandic (Ety/LÁWAR). In this word the long final vowel was lost. Unlike the rules described in the Comparative Tables, this [[dan|[au] did not become [ō]]], so perhaps Tolkien changed his mind on the development of [au] in Ossiriandic.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. laure “gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶laurē “light of the golden tree Laurelin” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
    • ᴹ√(G)LAWAR “*gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶laurē > laur[laurē] > [laur]✧ Ety/LÁWAR
Ossriandric [Ety/LÁWAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lygn

adjective. pale

An adjective for “pale” developed from primitive ᴹ✶lugni (Ety/LUG²). It seems that this word underwent [[dan|i-mutation of [u] to [y]]], as in the plural yrc of Dan. urc. However, it is known that [[mp|short final [i] became [e]]] in Common Eldarin, so that ᴹ✶lugni became ᴹ✶lugne before the divergence of these languages, making the i-mutation difficult to explain (as noted by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Nandorin/lygn). One possible explanation is that the short final [ĕ] either [[dan|reverted to [i] or did not change in the first place]] in the Danian branch of Eldarin.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > lygn[lugni] > [lugne] > [lugni] > [lygni] > [lygn]✧ Ety/LUG²
Ossriandric [Ety/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

pherna

noun. mast

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ferna “mast, beechnuts” ✧ Ety/PHER

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉREN > pherna[pʰerna] > [ɸerna]✧ Ety/PHER
Old Noldorin [Ety/PHER] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

bányā

adjective. beautiful

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BAN “*beauty” ✧ Ety/BAN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. vanya “beautiful, fair” ✧ Ety/BAN
  • N. bein “fair, beautiful” ✧ Ety/BAN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khōn

noun. heart

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHO(N) “heart (physical)”

Variations

  • khō-n ✧ PE21/55
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55; PE21/64; PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulmā

noun. mast

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall” ✧ Ety/TYUL

Derivatives

  • Ad. sulum “mast” ✧ SD/419
  • ᴹQ. tyulma “mast” ✧ Ety/TYUL; SD/419

Element in

  • ᴹ✶kirya kyulma “a ship’s mast” ✧ PE21/65; PE21/68
  • ᴺS. tolf “mast”

Variations

  • kyulma ✧ PE21/65
  • kı̯ulmā ✧ PE21/68
  • kyulumā ✧ SD/419
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TYUL; PE21/65; PE21/68; SD/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kyul(u)mā

noun. mast

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

ta

root. that

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ Ety/TA
    • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
    • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
  • ᴹQ. ta “that, it” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹQ. tana “that (anaphoric)” ✧ Ety/TA
  • On. “thither” ✧ Ety/TA

Element in

  • ᴹ√TAN “*show” ✧ PE18/033; PE18/060
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

k’lā

noun. light

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL; PE18/038

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kala “light” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Kalion “Son of Light, Valinorian Elda” ✧ PE21/37 (kalion)

Variations

  • k’lā́ ✧ Ety/KAL
  • klā́ ✧ PE18/038
  • kalĭ ✧ PE21/37 (kalĭ)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL; PE18/038; PE21/37] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wis

root. air

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. vista “air as substance” ✧ Ety/WIS
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WIS; EtyAC/SWES] Group: Eldamo. Published by

span

root. white

Derivatives

  • Dan. spenna “white fog” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹ✶spāna “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
    • N. faun “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
    • ᴹT. spania “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. fána “cloud; white” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. fanya “sky; white” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • N. fein “white, radiant” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • N. Fannor “Cloud-lord” ✧ Ety/SPAN

Element in

  • ᴹ✶Olosphantur “Lórien” ✧ Ety/ÓLOS
  • ᴹ✶Spanturo “lord of cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. Are Fanturion “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
  • ᴹQ. Nurufantur “Lord of Death-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÑGUR
  • ᴹQ. Olofantur “Lord of Dream-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÓLOS
  • N. Fannor “Cloud-lord” ✧ Ety/TĀ
  • N. Gurfannor “Lord of Death-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÑGUR
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP; Ety/ÑGUR; Ety/ÓLOS; Ety/PHAY; Ety/SPAN; Ety/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gālæ

noun. light

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gôl “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalat

noun. light

Variations

  • kalat- ✧ PE21/56
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mit

root. small

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small” with various Quenya and Noldorin derivatives of similar meaning (Ety/MIT).

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶mitra “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
    • ᴹQ. mitsa “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
    • N. mithren “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
  • ᴹQ. mitsa “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
  • N. mithren “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/MIT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mitra

adjective. small

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIT “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. mitsa “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
  • N. mithren “small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/MIT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khoth

root. gather

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶khotsē “assembly” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
    • N. hoth “host, crowd; group plural” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
  • ᴹQ. hosta “large number” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
  • ᴹQ. hosta- “to collect” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
  • ᴹQ. hosto “crowd, assembly”
  • N. host “gross (144)” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
  • N. hûd “assembly, assembly, *gathering, moot” ✧ Ety/KHOTH

Element in

  • N. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Barbaric Host” ✧ Ety/GLAM
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GLAM; Ety/KHOTH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tollo

noun. island

Changes

  • tollotollo “island (in sea)” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TOL “*stand up” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tol “island” ✧ Ety/TOL²
  • N. toll “island, isle” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Element in

Variations

  • toll- ✧ PE22/126
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TOL²; EtyAC/TOL²; PE22/126] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

elf

noun. heart

Changes

  • elfelf(in) “feeling, heart” ✧ GL/32

Cognates

  • Eq. elwen “heart” ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEFE “*heart”

Element in

  • G. Elfrin(iol) “Littleheart” ✧ GL/32 (Elfriniol); GL/32 (elfrin)
  • G. Elfrith “Littleheart” ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23

Variations

  • elfeg ✧ GL/32 (elfeg)
  • Elf ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23
Gnomish [GL/32; LT2/202; PE15/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

honn

noun. heart

Changes

  • hondhonn ✧ GL/49

Cognates

  • Eq. hon “heart”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HONO “*heart”

Variations

  • hond ✧ GL/49 (hond)

ilf

noun. heart

Cognates

  • Eq. elwen “heart” ✧ LT1A/Ilverin

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEFE “*heart”

Element in

  • G. Ilfrin “Littleheart” ✧ GL/50; LT1A/Ilverin; LT1A/Ilverin
  • G. Ilfrith “Dear Heart” ✧ GL/50; LT1A/Ilverin
Gnomish [GL/49; GL/50; LT1A/Ilverin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hairen

feminine name. Spring

Gnomish [GL/47; LT1A/Tuilérë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faidwen

noun. freedom

Cognates

  • Eq. fairie “freedom” ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen

Element in

  • G. Dor Faidwen “Land of Release” ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen
Gnomish [GL/33; LT1A/Dor Faidwen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwandra

adjective. beautiful

Cognates

  • Eq. vane “fair, lovely” ✧ LT1A/Vána

Element in

Variations

  • gwanin ✧ GL/44
Gnomish [GG/09; GG/15; GG/16; GL/44; LT1A/Vána] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwanin

adjective. beautiful

gwail

noun. air

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWILI “*fly” ✧ GL/45

Element in

  • G. gwailtha- “to air; expose to air” ✧ GL/45

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√gu̯il > gwail[gʷīl] > [gʷail]✧ GL/45

aina

adjective. small

Variations

  • aina ✧ GL/18 (aina)

gaul

noun. light

ineg

adjective. small

inig

adjective. small

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√INI “small”

Element in

Variations

  • inc ✧ GL/18 (inc)
  • ineg ✧ GL/51
Gnomish [GL/18; GL/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

math

noun. dusk

Cognates

  • Eq. maske “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ LT2A/Umboth-muilin

Element in

  • N. Math-Fuin-delos “Deadly Nightshade”
  • G. mathusgi “twilight” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
  • G. mathwen “evening” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
  • G. nuimath “‘second twilight’, first signs of dawn” ✧ GL/61
  • G. obromath “the twilight that follows the night, ‘second twilight’, just before dawn” ✧ GL/62
  • G. mathrin “dusk, dusky” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
Gnomish [GL/56; GL/61; GL/62; LT2A/Mathusdor; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aithl

noun. spring

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ektḷ ✧ GL/18; LT2A/Ecthelion
    • ᴱ√KELE “flow, run; ooze, trickle”

Element in

  • G. aithla- “to spring (from), issue forth, bubble up” ✧ GL/18

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ektḷ > aithl[ektl] > [exθl] > [eiθl] > [aiθl]✧ GL/18

Variations

  • aithel ✧ LT2A/Ecthelion
  • aithyl ✧ PE13/108
Gnomish [GL/18; GL/25; GL/31; LT2A/Ecthelion; PE13/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cwelm

noun. dusk

cwerc

noun. throat

Cognates

  • Eq. qerka “throat” ✧ GL/28

aithyl

noun. spring

cweloth

noun. fading

Element in

mineth

noun. island

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “island” (GL/57), probably connected to the root ᴱ√MINI in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as suggested by Christopher Tolkien, as it was the basis of other words for raised objects like ᴱQ. mindon “turret” (LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MINI “*tower” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Element in

  • G. Minethlos “Argent Isle” ✧ GL/57; LT1A/Minethlos
Gnomish [GL/57; LT1A/Minethlos] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuil

noun. spring

Cognates

  • Eq. tuile “spring, (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green” ✧ LT1A/Tuilérë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TUẎU “*spring, sprout” ✧ LT1A/Tuilérë

Element in

  • G. tuilir “spring(time)” ✧ GL/71; LT1A/Tuilérë

Variations

  • duil ✧ GL/31 (duil); LT2A/Duilin (duil)
  • Tuil ✧ GL/47
Gnomish [GL/31; GL/47; GL/71; LT1A/Tuilérë; LT2A/Duilin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dodri

noun. falling

Element in

mablios

adjective. cunning

Gnomish [GL/55; LT2A/Ermabwed] Group: Eldamo. Published by

morth

noun. darkness

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MORO “*black, dark” ✧ LT1A/Mornië

Element in

Gnomish [GL/58; LT1A/Mornië] Group: Eldamo. Published by

culu

noun. gold

Cognates

  • Eq. kulu “gold” ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KULU “gold” ✧ LT1A/Kulullin

Element in

  • G. Culugorm “disc of gold” ✧ GL/27
  • G. Culugrithnir “ring of gold” ✧ GL/27
  • G. Culuvrad “wain of gold” ✧ GL/27
  • G. culwin “golden” ✧ GL/27
  • G. Glingol “Singing Gold” ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KULU > culu[kulū] > [kulu]✧ LT1A/Kulullin

Variations

  • Culu ✧ GL/27 (Culu); LT2A/Glingol (Culu); PE15/22 (Culu)
  • Culon ✧ LT2A/Glingol (Culon); PE15/22 (Culon)
Gnomish [GG/14; GL/26; GL/27; GL/38; LT1A/Ilsaluntë; LT1A/Kulullin; LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glôr

noun. gold

Cognates

  • Eq. laure “(mystic name of) gold” ✧ GL/40; LT2A/Glorfalc; PE15/25; LT1A/Laurelin; QL/051

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LOURI “*gold” ✧ QL/051

Element in

  • G. Glorund ✧ GL/40; LT2A/Glorfalc
  • G. Glorfindel “Gold-tress, Goldlocks” ✧ GL/40; LT2A/Glorfalc; PE15/25
  • G. glôriol “golden, like gold” ✧ GL/40; LT1A/Laurelin
  • G. glôrin “golden, of gold” ✧ GL/40; LT1A/Laurelin
  • G. glo(r)nethlin “meadowgold, buttercup” ✧ GL/40
  • G. Glorvent “Ship of Gold” ✧ GL/40; LT1A/Glorvent
  • G. Glorfalc “Golden Cleft” ✧ GL/40; LT2A/Glorfalc; PE15/25

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LOU̯RI > glôr[louri] > [lōri] > [lōr] > [glōr]✧ QL/051

Variations

  • Glor- ✧ LT1A/Glorvent
  • Glor ✧ LT2A/Glingol; LT2A/Glorfalc; PE15/22; PE15/25
Gnomish [GG/12; GL/40; LT1A/Glorvent; LT1A/Laurelin; LT2A/Glingol; LT2A/Glorfalc; PE15/22; PE15/25; QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Ilkorin

slíw

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Early Ilkorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

gwardh

adjective. dead

Changes

  • gwarthgwardh ✧ PE13/146

Derivations

Variations

  • gwarth ✧ PE13/146 (gwarth)
Early Noldorin [PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hinar

adjective. dark

An adjective for “dark” from the Nebrachar poem written around 1930 (MC/217). Its etymology is unclear.

Element in

Early Noldorin [MC/217] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhonn

noun. heart

Changes

  • hondlhonn “heart” ✧ PE13/147
  • hondlhonn “heart” ✧ PE13/149

Cognates

  • Eq. hon “heart” ✧ PE13/149; PE13/162

Element in

  • En. urhonn “heartless” ✧ PE13/156

Variations

  • hond ✧ PE13/147 (hond); PE13/149 (hond)
  • honn ✧ PE13/156 (honn)
Early Noldorin [PE13/147; PE13/149; PE13/156; PE13/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ligen

adjective. small

drú

adjective. dark

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gara

noun. throat

The word ᴱN. gara “throat” (archaic †garg) appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists derived from primitive ᴱ✶go, where the long syllable became ar (PE13/144). Compare this to ᴱN. griw “alimentary canal” from primitive ᴱ✶grgu-, where with short syllabic the result was gri-.

Conceptual Development: G. cwerc “throat” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s might be a conceptual precursor (GL/28), perhaps from primitive qṛk-, though elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon, qṛ- &gt; cur-, as in ᴱ√qṛđ > G. curdhu (GL/28).

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶gṝgo “throat” ✧ PE13/144

Element in

  • En. garion “hauberk” ✧ PE13/144

Variations

  • garg ✧ PE13/144 (garg)
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhui

adjective. pale

Changes

  • lhuilhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Cognates

  • Eilk. slíw “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eq. laiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Et. líva ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaiw

noun. light

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden”
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhigin

adjective. small

dol

noun. island

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lham(b)

noun. tongue

Element in

  • En. ballam “with evil malicious tongue”
  • En. lamthanc “snake, *(lit.) forked tongue”
  • En. orlham “dumb”

Variations

  • lhamb ✧ PE13/148
  • lham ✧ PE13/148
Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glôr

noun. gold

Element in

Variations

  • glór ✧ PE13/144
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

sleiwa

adjective. pale

Derivatives

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eilk. slíw “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eq. laiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Et. líva ✧ PE13/149
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ini

root. small

Derivatives

  • Eq. Inwe ✧ LT1A/Inwë
  • Eq. Inwir “Kindred of Inwë” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. Inwilis “Faëry” ✧ LT1A/Inwë
  • Eq. Inwinóre “Fäery” ✧ LT1A/Inwë
  • Eq. inya “tiny” ✧ LT1A/Inwë; QL/042
  • G. inc “little”
  • G. im “fairy”
  • G. inig “small”
  • G. inthi “less”

Variations

  • în ✧ GL/18 (în)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/18; LT1A/Inwë; QL/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqi

root. white

Derivatives

  • Eq. ninqa- “to shine white”
  • Eq. ninqe “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066
  • Eq. nikte- “to whiten, cleanse” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. niqilis “fine snow” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. niqis “snow” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066
  • G. nib “snowflake”
  • G. nigor “rain, rainy weather”
  • G. nimp “pallid”
  • G. nictha- “to rain, hail, snow”

Element in

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maþa

root. dusk

This root was given as ᴱ√MASA¹ “dusk” in its main entry in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but its Gnomish form math- indicates the true root was ᴱ√MAÞA (QL/59). This was clarified in a list of roots at the end of the M-section in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/63) and its representation as maþ- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/59). Its most notable use in the Legendarium was in the name G. Umboth-muilin “Pools (muil-plural) of Twilight (umboth)”, where G. umboth or umbath “nightfall” was derived from a strengthened form of the root, ᴱ√mbaþ- (GL/75). However, in later writings this name was reconceived as Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Veiled (muilin) Pool (umboth)”, with the first element umboth meaning “large pool” (Ety/MBOTH, MUY). The name was ultimately replaced with S. Aelin-uial (S/114), by which point the early root ᴱ√MAÞA was long abandoned.

Derivatives

  • Eq. maska “dusky, misty” ✧ QL/059
  • Eq. maske “dusk” ✧ QL/059
  • G. math “dusk” ✧ LT2A/Umboth-muilin

Element in

  • ᴱ√MBAÞA “*dusk” ✧ GL/75

Variations

  • maþ- ✧ GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin
  • MASA¹ ✧ QL/059
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ū

root. under

The root ᴱ√Ū⁽¹⁾ “under” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a reduced form of {ᴱ√UGU >>} ᴱ√UƷU, with derivatives like ᴱQ. ū “beneath” and ᴱQ. umbe “dale, dell” (QL/96-97). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. um⁽⁾ “lowlying” and G. umbel “a dell” (GL/74). Tolkien noted that ᴱ√Ū also meant “not”, and contrasted ᴱ√Ū¹ “under” with ᴱ√ (ᴱ√NUHU) of similar meaning (QL/68, 96). Indeed, in Tolkien’s later writings, √NŪ/UNU was the usual basis for “under” words, and ᴱ√Ū¹ “under” seems to have been abandoned.

Changes

  • UGUUƷU ✧ QL/096

Derivatives

  • Eq. umbe “dale, dell” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. ú “beneath” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. úva “the under” ✧ QL/096
  • G. ûthi “outside”
  • G. uf “out of, forth, from”
  • G. um “lowlying”
  • G. ûtha- “to emit; to issue”

Variations

  • UƷU ✧ QL/096
  • UGU ✧ QL/097 (UGU)
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/096; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gṝgo

noun. throat

Derivatives

  • Eilk. kark ✧ PE13/144
  • En. gara “throat” ✧ PE13/144
  • Et. gargo ✧ PE13/144

Variations

  • gr:go ✧ PE13/144
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulu

root. gold

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶kulū “gold”
  • Eq. kulu “gold” ✧ QL/049
  • G. cluim “warm, cosy”
  • G. culu “gold” ✧ LT1A/Kulullin

Element in

  • Eq. Kulullin “Gold-song” ✧ LT1A/Kulullin
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Kulullin; QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulū

noun. gold

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KULU “gold”
Early Primitive Elvish [PE14/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

qelqa

noun. throat

The word ᴱQ. qerka appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as the cognate of G. cwerc “throat” (GL/28). ᴱQ. qerka “throat” appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), but in a list of body parts from this same period it was ᴱQ. qelqa “throat” (PE14/117). There are no signs of these words in Tolkien’s later writings.

Early Quenya [PE14/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qerka

noun. throat

Cognates

  • G. cwerc “throat” ✧ GL/28

Element in

Early Quenya [GL/28; PE16/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pinilya

adjective. small

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PINI “*small”

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/220; PE16/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mána

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).

Variations

  • māna ✧ PE14/058
Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narka

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.

Early Quenya [PE16/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qalna

adjective. dead

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QALA “die” ✧ QL/076

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√QALA > qalna[kʷalnā] > [kʷalna]✧ QL/076
Early Quenya [QL/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

warda

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/44).

Cognates

  • G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” ✧ GL/44

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶gu̯r̄́þa > warda[gʷṝθā] > [gʷṝθa] > [wṝθa] > [warθa] > [warða] > [warda]✧ GL/44
ᴱ√GWṚÐR > warda[gʷṝðā] > [gʷṝða] > [wṝða] > [warða] > [warda]✧ QL/104
Early Quenya [GL/44; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elben

noun. heart

elwen

noun. heart

A word appearing as ᴱQ. Elben “heart” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin of the 1910s (LT2/202; PE15/23), but as ᴱQ. Elwen “heart” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/35, 52). These words were connected to the character G. Elfrith who vanished from later versions of the Legendarium.

Cognates

  • G. elf “heart” ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23
  • G. ilf “heart” ✧ LT1A/Ilverin

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEFE “*heart” ✧ QL/035; QL/052

Element in

  • Eq. Elwenil(do) “Littleheart” ✧ LT1A/Ilverin (Elwenildo); LT2/202 (Elbenil)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LEFE > Elwen[elɸen] > [elβen] > [elwen]✧ QL/035
ᴱ√LEFE > elwen[elɸen] > [elβen] > [elwen]✧ QL/052

Variations

  • Elben ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23
  • Elwen ✧ QL/035
Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilverin; LT2/202; PE15/23; QL/035; QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hon

noun. heart

Changes

  • hondolonda “heart” ✧ PE13/162

Cognates

  • En. lhonn “heart” ✧ PE13/149; PE13/162
  • G. honn “heart”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HONO “*heart” ✧ QL/040

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√HONO > hon[xondo] > [xondǝ] > [xond] > [hond] > [hon]✧ QL/040

Variations

  • londa ✧ PE13/149; PE13/162
  • hondo ✧ PE13/162 (hondo); QL/040
  • honde ✧ PE16/137
  • hon ✧ QL/040
Early Quenya [PE13/149; PE13/162; PE15/32; PE16/137; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

honde

noun. heart

hondo

noun. heart

londa

noun. heart

minwa

adjective. small

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MINI “*small, less” ✧ QL/061

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MINI > minwa[minwā] > [minwa]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninqe

adjective. white

Cognates

  • G. nimp “pallid” ✧ GL/60
  • En. nimp “wan, pale, sickly” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NIQI “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NIQI > ninqe[niŋkʷi] > [niŋkʷe]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • ninqë ✧ LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil
  • ninkve ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/077
Early Quenya [GL/60; LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil; MC/213; MC/220; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/048; PE14/077; PE14/080; PE15/78; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/064; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/081; PE16/100; PE16/140; PME/066; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

níva

adjective. pale

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/213] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pínea

adjective. small

Element in

Variations

  • pīnea ✧ QL/073; QL/095
Early Quenya [QL/073; QL/095; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulma

noun. mast

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TYULU “tall” ✧ QL/050

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TYULU > tyulma[tʲulmā] > [tʲulma]✧ QL/050

Variations

  • tyulme ✧ PE16/100
Early Quenya [MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104; QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mailina

adjective. beautiful

Changes

  • mailinamailinen ✧ PE14/056

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ne

conjunction. that

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

no

preposition. under

nu

preposition. under

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down, stoop, sink”

Element in

Variations

  • no ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074 (no)
Early Quenya [MC/214; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilma

noun. air

A word for “air” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), probably based on the early root ᴱ√ILU “ether”. Later ᴹQ. Ilma was used for “Starlight” (Ety/GIL; LR/205).

Elements

WordGloss
ILU“ether, the slender airs among the stars”
Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aire

adjective. old

Element in

Variations

  • aire ✧ MC/214
Early Quenya [MC/214] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiwa

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶sleiwa > laiwa[sleiwā] > [sleiwa] > [leiwa] > [laiwa]✧ PE13/149
Early Quenya [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Changes

  • santasanda ✧ PE14/055

Element in

Variations

  • santa ✧ PE14/055 (santa)
  • tanda ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060
Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulme

noun. mast

finde

noun. cunning

finie

noun. cunning

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FINI “*cunning” ✧ LT1A/Finwë; QL/038

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√FINI > finië[ɸiniē] > [ɸinie] > [finie]✧ LT1A/Finwë

Variations

  • finië ✧ LT1A/Finwë
  • findë ✧ LT1A/Finwë
  • finde ✧ QL/038
Early Quenya [LT1A/Finwë; QL/038] Group: Eldamo. Published by

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

lossa

adjective. white

Derivations

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/216; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maske

noun. dusk

Cognates

  • G. math “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MASA¹ > maske[maθkē] > [maθke] > [maske]✧ QL/059
Early Quenya [QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tolle

noun. island

welme

noun. spring

welwe

noun. spring

Cognates

  • G. gwelwi “spring of water”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWELE “*boil, bubble” ✧ QL/103

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√GWELE > ’welwe[gʷelwē] > [gʷelwe] > [welwe]✧ QL/103

Variations

  • ’welwe ✧ QL/103
  • ’welme ✧ QL/103
Early Quenya [QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fairie

noun. freedom

Cognates

  • G. faidwen “freedom” ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen

Variations

  • fairië ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen
Early Quenya [LT1A/Dor Faidwen; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tolome

noun. island

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “island”, a more elaborate form of ᴱQ. tol of similar meaning (QL/94). It also appeared as tolome “island” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/94).

Early Quenya [PME/094; QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuilére

noun. Spring

Cognates

  • G. tuilir “spring(time)” ✧ QL/096

Element in

Variations

  • Tuilérë ✧ LT1A/Tuilérë; LT1I/Tuilérë
  • Tui(lēre) ✧ PME/096
  • Tuilēre ✧ QL/096
  • Tui ✧ QL/096 (Tui)
  • tuilē-re ✧ QL/096
Early Quenya [LT1A/Tuilérë; LT1I/Tuilérë; PME/096; QL/040; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fólima

adjective. secretive

Variations

  • fôlima ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; QL/038
Early Quenya [LT2A/Foalókë; QL/038] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurelasselindon

like leaves of forests

The fourteenth phrase of the Oilima Markirya poem (second version) (MC/213), and the tenth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> taure-lasse-li-ndon = “✱forest-leaf-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: This phrase first appeared in the fourth draft of the first version of this poem (OM1d: PE16/62) and remained the same thereafter.

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
taure“forest”
lasse“leaf; petal”

Variations

  • taurelässelindon ✧ PE16/072
Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

húro

noun. storm

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SURU “to blow”

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/214] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulu

noun. gold

Cognates

  • G. culu “gold” ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KULU “gold” ✧ QL/049

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KULU > kulu[kulū] > [kulu]✧ QL/049

Variations

  • Kulu ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22
Early Quenya [LT1/100; LT1A/Laurelin; LT2A/Glingol; LT2A/Parma Kuluinen; MC/220; PE14/046; PE14/050; PE14/071; PE14/083; PE14/084; PE14/110; PE15/22; PE15/72; PE15/73; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PME/049; QL/049; QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by