Sindarin
di
preposition. with
di
preposition. with
di'nguruthos
di'nguruthos
dineth
noun. young lady, bride (Indis)
dî (“bride, lady”) + neth (“young”)
dirbedui
adjective. hard to utter, difficult to pronounce
di-
prefix. beneath, under
The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di
dim
noun. stair
Apparently a word for “stair”, attested only as an element in the name Dimrost “Rainy Stair” (S/220).
Dimbar
noun. sad land
dimb (Ilk. “sad, gloomy” [Etym. DEM-]) + (m-)bar (“land, dwelling”)
dirbedui
adjective. hard to utter
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
Dior
Dior
In the Etymologies, the name Dior is said to mean "successor" in Doriathrin. The name derives from Primitive Quendian ndeuro ("follower, successor"), from root NDEW.
dihena
forgive
(i nihena, i ndihenar if the first element represents a stem in ND-; cf. the derivation of dî, di cited in VT45:37)
dilith
noun. friendship
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
dilia
stop up
(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).
dilia
stop up
dilia- (i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).
dim
gloom
(i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”.
dim
sadness
dim (i dhim) (gloom), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim) if there are any pl. forms. Note: a homophone means ”stair”.
dim
sadness
(i dhim) (gloom), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim) if there are any pl. forms. Note: a homophone means ”stair”.
dim
stair
dim (i dhim), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim), coll. pl. dimmath. Note: a homophone means ”gloom, sadness”.
dim
stair
(i dhim), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim), coll. pl. dimmath. Note: a homophone means ”gloom, sadness”.
dim
noun. gloom, sadness
dû
dimness
_ n. _dimness. >> Nanduhirion
fain
dim
adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form).
gordh
difficult
{ð}_ adj. _difficult, laborious. Q. urda hard, difficult, arduous. >> gornod
-eg
suffix. diminutive/singular ending
@@@ variants may be the result of ancient -aikĭ > -aeg > -eg vs. -eikĭ > -īg > -ig as suggested by Lokyt, but also compare T. nettica vs S. netheg
auth
noun. dim shape, spectral or vague apparition
gordh
adjective. difficult, laborious
glamhoth
noun. din-hord, the orcs
glam(b) (“shouting, confused noise, an orc”) + hoth (“crowd, hord”, here used as collective plural suffix)
-ig
suffix. diminutive/singular ending
glam
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
glamb
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
glamm
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
arnediad
numberless
arnediad (unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).Ó
arnediad
numberless
(unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).
gasdil
stopgap
_(in writing, a sign indicating where G had been lenited to zero, represented by _ in transcription) gasdil (i **asdil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngasdil = i ñasdil), coll. pl. gasdiliath**
gasdil
stopgap
(i ’asdil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngasdil = i ñasdil), coll. pl. gasdiliath
gwachaedir
seeing stone
(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
glamhoth
'din-horde'
pl2. n. 'din-horde', the Orcs. >> hoth
dîr
adjective. hard, difficult
gor-
prefix. hard, difficult
haer
adjective. remote, remote, *distant
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
aduial
noun. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim"
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
balan
noun. Vala, divine power, divinity
dírnaith
noun. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground
dû
noun. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness
gwathra-
verb. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure
gwathren
adjective. shadowy, dim
haered
noun. remote distance, the remote
haeron
adjective. far, remote, distant
minai
adjective. single, distinct, unique
rodon
noun. Vala, divinity
trann
noun. shire, administrative district, division of a realm
thos
noun. fear
_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos
bâl
divine
(adj.) bâl, lenited vâl, pl. bail. Note: the word can also be used as a noun "divinity, divine power".
bâl
divine
lenited vâl, pl. bail. Note: the word can also be used as a noun "divinity, divine power".
bâl
divine power
construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
bâl
divinity
bâl (i vâl, construct bal), pl. bail (divine power). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
bâl
divinity
(i vâl, construct bal), pl. bail (divine power). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
bâl
divine power
bâl, construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
hae
distant
1) hae (far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form, 2) *haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)
hae
distant
(far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
haer
distant
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
lhîw
disease
*lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (sickness), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lhîw
disease
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (sickness), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
dêl
disgust
(noun) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (fear, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl).
dêl
disgust
(i dhêl, construct del) (fear, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl).
balaen
adjective. divine
dêl
noun. disgust
egelren
adjective. different, strange
elegren
adjective. different, strange
auth
dim shape
auth (spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".
auth
dim shape
auth (spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle". DARK SHAPE, see .
auth
dim shape
(spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".
bâl
adjective. divine
@@@ GS/241
fir
die
1) fir- (i fîr, i firir) (fade), 2) gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (depart)
fir
die
(i fîr, i firir) (fade)
glam
din
glam (i **lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath **
glam
din
(i ’lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath
goeol
dire
goeol (terrible, fell), lenited oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic *goeaul.
goeol
dire
(terrible, fell), lenited ’oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic ✱goeaul.
gwanna
die
(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (depart)
gwathra
dim
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (overshadow, veil, obscure)
gwathra
dim
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (overshadow, veil, obscure)
gwathren
dim
(adj.) gwathren (shadowy), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);
gwathren
dim
(shadowy), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);
gwaur
dirty
gwaur (soiled), lenited waur, pl. goer
gwaur
dirty
(soiled), lenited ’waur, pl. goer
gwâth
dim light
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261);
gwâth
dim light
gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith**) (UT:261);
gwâth
dim light
gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith**) (UT:261).
minai
distinct
minai (single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minai
distinct
(single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
presta
disturb
presta- (i bresta, i phrestar) (affect); the passive participle prestannen is attested.
presta
disturb
(i bresta, i phrestar) (affect); the passive participle prestannen is attested.
tarias
difficulty
tarias (i darias, o tharias) (stiffness, toughness), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a plural form; coll. pl. tariassath
tarias
difficulty
(i darias, o tharias) (stiffness, toughness), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a plural form; coll. pl. tariassath
dîs
Dís
tirith
guard, guarding
(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
caudol
adjective. tasteful, endowed with good taste; discreet, circumspect
@@@ or codol
dúvad
noun. supper, dinner
glavras
noun. babble, chatter, babel, din of voices
sab-
verb. to dig
fuia
feel disgust at
(i fuia, in fuiar) (abhor)
gosta
fear exceedingly
(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)
criss
noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine
A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.
N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).
Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.
dag-
verb. to slay, to slay, [ᴱN.] kill
A verb meaning “to slay” derived from the root √NDAK, best known from its passive participle dangen as in Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). Tolkien wrote a set of possible past forms aðag, aðanc, aðarch in notes from 1962 (PE17/131), and the verb appeared in its (Noldorin) infinitive form degi “to slay” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), along with another couple of (Noldorin) past forms: danc, degant (EtyAC/NDAK). The verb form ᴱN. (n)dag- “to slay” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its present form dág was glossed “kills” and in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Grammar the form dagion was likewise glossed “I kill” (PE13/130). Thus “slay” and “kill” are both viable translations.
Possible Etymology: In notes from around 1962, Tolkien gave ✶dankĭna as the primitive form of its passive participle dangen, indicating a root √DAK rather than √NDAK, which is also consistent with its nasal mutated plural form on that page: {i dengin >>} i nengin (PE17/133). The 1964 past forms aðag and aðanc also seem to indicate derivation from √DAK (PE17/131). In notes from around 1967, however, Tolkien had the mixed mutated form n(d)engin in the phrase i·m(b)air en N(d)engin, indicating √NDAK, and he consistently gave nac- for the equivalent Quenya forms, so the early 1960s flirtation with √DAK seems to have been a transient idea.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the root is √NDAK, and hence I’d give it the past form ✱annanc “slayed” rather than aðanc.
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
dúlin
noun. nightingale
A word for “nightingale” appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a combination of N. dû “night” and N. lhinn “tune” (Ety/DOƷ, Ety/LIN², TIN). It appeared as both dúlinn (Ety/LIN²) and dúlin (Ety/TIN). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s, Tolkien instead gave duilin “nightingale” as a derivative of primitive ᴹ✶dōmilindē, demonstrating a phonetic development whereby the ancient m became v and then vanished after the u, but the medial i was preserved. However, Christopher Tolkien used the form dúlin in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/dú), and that form is thus better known.
guru
noun. death, death (abstract)
A Sindarin word for “death” derived from primitive ✶ñgurū (PE17/87), unusual in that its primitive ancient vowel u did not vanish. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had variant forms [N.] gûr and gurw “death” marked with a “?”, both derived from Old Noldorin nguru and indicating some uncertainty on the exact phonetic developments (EtyAC/ÑGUR). Elsewhere in The Etymologies Tolkien said that [N.] guru was “Death as state or abstract”, as opposed to [N.] gwanw or gwanath for the “act of dying” (Ety/GWAN).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume guru was for death as an abstraction or principle, and for the death of individuals I would use either gurth or gwanu/gwanath; see those entries for discussion.
trann
place name. Shire
Sindarin name of the Shire attested only in its lenited form Drann (SD/129). David Salo suggested this may have been a general term for an administrative district (GS/289, 393). It also appeared in the form Drannail, apparently an adjectival form.
-deid
suffix. his
-deith
suffix. his
-dyn
suffix. his
-il
point
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
dern
tough
_ adj. _tough. >> dír-
dínen
adjective. silent
See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word
dínen
adjective. silent
adj. silent. >> dîn
dír-
prefix. tough
dîn
noun. silence
Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen.1 is also attested (Rath Dínen "Silent Street"). When compared with other toponyms where lenition does occur (Taur-na-Chardhîn "Forest of the Southern Silence" in WJ/185,193 and Dor Dhínen in WJ/333,338), the forms dîn and dínen clearly seem to be unmutated. Absence of lenition in these examples from LotR was therefore tentatively explained by resistance to mutation (as in Nan Tathren, Ered Mithrin). However, Tolkien apparently changed his mind in his unfinished index of names from LotR, where he explains both words as mutated adjectives whose unlenited forms are respectively tîn.2
and tínen . Such hesitations between mutated and unmutated forms is not unusual, for instance a similar issue is met with gaear and aear . Of course, Taur-na-Chardhîn and Dor Dhínen would hardly be explainable in that alternate scenario
dîn
noun. silence
dîr
adjective. hard
_ adj. _hard, difficult. dērā << dīrā. >> dír-
nûr
adjective. sad
For an earlier discussion, see Klockzo, 4th volume, p. 160 §147: The meaning of Núrnen long remained highly hypothetical. The current definition is based on Christopher Tolkien's index to UT and on the unfinished index of names published in RC. The Gnomish Lexicon listed nur- (nauri) "growl, grumble", nurn "plaint, lament, a complaint" and nurna- "bewail, lament, complain of" (PE/11:61). Likewise, the Qenyaqetsa included a root NURU- with several derivatives with similar meanings (PE/12:68). See also Q. nurrula "mumbling" (from nurru- "murmur, grumble") in the final version of the poem The Last Ark (MC/222-23). Patrick Wynne therefore noted: S. *nûr in Núrnen "Sad Water" is apparently "sad" in the sense "bewailing, lamenting, complaining, grumbling", no doubt a reference to the general mood of the hapless laborers in "the great slave-worked fields" beside the lake. (See Lambengolmor/856-860)
til
point
tínen
adjective. silent
See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word
tîn
adjective. silent, quiet
See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word
riss
adjective. cleft
_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris
dî
under
unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
beneath
dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
beneath
unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
gohena
forgive
1) gohena- (i **ohena, i ngohenar = i ñohenar). Apparently this refers to foregiveness between equals. (VT44:23), 2) (of a superior to an inferior) dihena- (i nihena, i ndihenar if the first element represents a stem in ND-; cf. the derivation of dî, di** cited in VT45:37)
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
nu
under
1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
ti
those
(or ”they”?): possibly *ti (attested in lenited form di in the phrase di ai… ”those/they who…”) (VT44:23)
ti
those
(attested in lenited form di in the phrase di ai… ”those/they who…”) (VT44:23)
vi
in
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
adu
adjective. double
car-
verb. to do, make
*gwachae
remote
(adjective) 1) *gwachae (far away), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186). 2) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae*; no distinct pl. form, 3) haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira**.)
Belthil
Belthil
achas
fear
(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.
aeg
sharp
1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
aeg
sharp
(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aeg
horn
(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aig
sharp
(no distinct pl. form).
angos
horror
1) angos (pl. engys) (VT45:15), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) girith (i **irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith), 5) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 6) gorog (i ngorog = i ñorog, o n**gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg. 7) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth. 8) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”, 9) goss (i **oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
annûn
west
1) annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
barad
tower
1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
barad
tower
(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
braig
fierce
braig (wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
braig
fierce
(wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
caew
resting place
(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
carag
spike
1) carag (i garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i cheraig). 2) ceber (i geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. 3) till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.
cen
verb. see
cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)
cerin
circular raised mound
(i gerin, o cherin) (circular enclosure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).
cirith
cleft
(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)
criss
cleft
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
cîl
cleft
(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.
dae
shadow
(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).
daedhelos
great fear
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for
daedhelos
great fear
daedhelos (i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndae<u>d</u>elos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for GREAT FEAR is goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe).
daedhelos
great fear/dread
(i** naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i** ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.
daew
shadow
(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).
daur
stop
(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
stop
(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daw
gloom
1) daw (i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath; 2) dim (i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”. 3) fuin (darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 4) maur (i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
delos
loathing
(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
delu
fell
1) delu (hateful, deadly), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form). 2) goeol (terrible, dire), lenited oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic *goeaul.
dem
sad
1) dem (gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim; 2) naer (dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form. 3) nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)
dess
young woman
dess (i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss). KINSWOMAN (also
dess
young woman
dess (i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)
donn
shadowy
1) donn (black, swart, swarty, shady) (lenited dhonn, pl. dynn). (VT45:11). Also dunn- in compounds. 2) gwathren (dim), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.) 3) gwathui (lenited wathui; no distinct pl. form)
dêl
fear
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dêl
horror
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dêl
loathing
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
díneth
bride
(i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dírnaith
man-spearhead
(wedge-formation in battle) dírnaith (i nírnaith, o ndírnaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndírnaith). (UT:282)
dírnaith
man-spearhead
(wedge-formation in battle) dírnaith (i nírnaith, o ndírnaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndírnaith). (UT:282);
dírnaith
man-spearhead
(i nírnaith, o ndírnaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndírnaith). (UT:282)
dî
lady
(i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
dî
bride
1) dî (i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî), 2) díneth (i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dî
bride
(i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî)
dîl
stopper, stopping
(i dhîl) (stuffing), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîl), coll. pl. díliath
dîl
stuffing
dîl (i dhîl) (stopper, stopping), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîl), coll. pl. díliath
dîl
stuffing
(i dhîl) (stopper, stopping), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîl), coll. pl. díliath
dîl
stopper, stopping
dîl (i dhîl) (stuffing), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîl), coll. pl. díliath
dîn
mountain pass
dîn (i dhîn) (opening, gap), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
mountain pass
dîn (i dhîn) (opening, gap), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
mountain pass
(i dhîn) (opening, gap), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
gap
1) dîn (i dhîn) (opening, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”. 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (hole), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais)
dîn
gap
(i dhîn) (opening, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
opening
dîn (i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
opening
(i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
dúlinn
nightingale
1) dúlinn (i dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i núlinn) (SD:302). 2) merilin (i verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind. 3) tinúviel (”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath (MR:373, WJ:62)
dúven
west
(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.
dŷr
successor
*dŷr (i dhŷr, o ndŷr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of Doriathrin dior.
edaid
double
(adj.) 1) edaid; no distinct pl. form, 2) tadol (lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
edaid
double
; no distinct pl. form
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
erui
single
erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
erui
single
(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
faen
white
(radiant). No distinct pl. form.
fain
white
; no distinct pl. form.
fir
fade
1) fir- (i fîr, i firir) (die), 2) pel- (i bêl, i phelir) (wither), 3) thinna- (grow toward evening)
fir
fade
(i fîr, i firir) (die)
fuin
gloom
(darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
fuin
night, nightshade, dead of night
(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
gaer
holy
gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gaer
holy
(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
girith
horror
(i ’irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith)
glam
shouting
glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**
glamhoth
Glamhoth
The first part, glam, means "barbaric speech", and is an expansion of lam, "tongue, language". An individual within the group is referred to as a glamog, and glam appears in Glamdring. The second element, hoth is a common suffix to denote a collection of people.
glind
glance
(noun) !glind (i **lind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glind), coll. pl. glinnath**. (WJ:337; the spelling used in the primary source is ”glinn”.)
glind
glance
(i ’lind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glind), coll. pl. glinnath. (WJ:337; the spelling used in the primary source is ”glinn”.)
glân
white
1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.
goe
great fear
(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).
goe
great fear
goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe);
goeol
fell
(terrible, dire), lenited ’oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic ✱goeaul.
gwachae
remote
(far away), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186).
gwachae
far away
(adj.) *gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir).
gwaen
stained
(lenited ’waen; no distinct pl. form)
gwanath
death
1) (act of dying) gwanath (i **wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith), 2) (act of dying, especially the ”death” of Elves by fading or weariness) gwanu (i **wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract): 3) gûr (i ngûr = i ñûr, o n**gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir), 4) gurth (i ngurth = i ñurth, o n**gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth), 5) guruth (i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n**guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth** = i ñgyryth)
gwanna
depart
gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (die)
gwanna
depart
(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (die)
gwass
stain
(noun) 1) gwass (i **wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i **wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith), 2) (noun) maw (i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”. 3) mael (i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.
gwathra
overshadow
gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, veil, obscure)
gwathra
overshadow
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, veil, obscure)
gwathren
shadowy
(dim), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.)
gwathui
shadowy
(lenited ’wathui; no distinct pl. form)
gwaur
soiled
gwaur (dirty), lenited waur, pl. goer.
gwaur
soiled
(dirty), lenited ’waur, pl. goer.
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
gwâth
shadow
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gôr
fear
(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gôr
horror
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
hae
remote
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
haer
remote
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
haer
far
(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
far
(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
heryn
lady
1) heryn (i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn), 2) hiril (i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath. 3) brennil (i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath. 4) bassoneth (bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth. 5) dî (i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
heryn
lady
(i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn)
hiril
lady
(i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath.
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
wide
1) laden (plain, flat, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT), 2) land (plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”. 3) pann (i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with *pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity. 4) ûr (pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.
laden
wide
(plain, flat, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
lae
great number
(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
laeg
sharp
(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
lam
tongue
(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lanthir
waterfall
(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.
lhîw
sickness
1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):
lhîw
sickness
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lîr
line
1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.
lîr
line
(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.
maeg
sharp
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
mael
stain
(i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.
mael
stained
(lenited vael; no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”lust”. Another adj.
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
merilin
nightingale
(i** verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind.
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
minuial
twilight
(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mithril
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.
morchant
shadow
1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),
muil
shadow
(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
muil
twilight
(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
naer
sad
(dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form.
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
nimp
white
(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
nothlir
family line
(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
nu
under
followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)
nírnaeth
lamentation
1) nírnaeth (literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form. 2) The collective plural conath (i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)
nírnaeth
lamentation
(literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form.
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
pessa
affect
1) pessa- (i bessa, i phessar) (concern) (VT46:8); 2) presta- (i bresta, i phrestar) (trouble, disturb); the passive participle prestannen ”affected” is attested (applied to a mutated vowel).
presta
affect
(i bresta, i phrestar) (trouble, disturb); the passive participle prestannen ”affected” is attested (applied to a mutated vowel).
rist
cleft
(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch
rist
cleft
(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”
ross
polished metal
(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see
said
separate
said (lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (private, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
said
separate
(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (private, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
taeg
boundary line
(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
tarias
stiffness
tarias (i darias, o tharias) (toughness, difficulty), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a pl.
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
thurin
secret
(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;
thurin
secret
(hidden); no distinct pl. form
thîn
evening
†*thîn (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. __ is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).
thîn
evening
(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. THIN is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).
tilias
line of peaks
(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.
till
sharp horn
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
spike
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tinc
metal
tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tinc
metal
(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud** “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
starlit evening
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight, early night without a moon), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl. Verb
tinnu
twilight
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
early night without a moon
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
tinúviel
nightingale
(”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i** dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i** thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath** **(MR:373, WJ:62)
tir-
watch
(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.
tir-
guard
_(verb) 1) tir- (cited in the form _tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)
tir-
guard
(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)
tir-
gaze
1) tir- (cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, watch over, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, guard, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)
tir-
gaze
(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, watch over, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.
tiria
watch
1) tiria- (guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar). 2)
tiria
watch
(guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar).
tiria
gaze
(watch, guard, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)
tirion
great watchtower
(i** dirion, o thirion), pl. tiryn (i** thiryn).
tirith
watch, watching
(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
tirn
watcher
tirn (i dirn, o thirn, also -dir at the end of compounds), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirn). "”, the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)
tirn
watcher
(i** dirn, o thirn, also -dir at the end of compounds), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thirn). "
tithen
little
1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (tiny), 2) pîn (lenited bîn; no distinct pl. form) (RC:536).
trann
shire
(administrative district, division of a realm) *trann (i drann, o thrann, construct tran), pl. train (i thrain). Only attested in lenited form i Drann* ”the Shire”, referring to the Hobbits Shire (SD:128-31). Adj. trannail ”of a/the shire”, only attested in lenited form drannail** (ibid.); probably no distinct pl. form.
trann
shire
(i drann, o thrann, construct tran), pl. train (i thrain). Only attested in lenited form i Drann ”the Shire”, referring to the Hobbits’ Shire (SD:128-31). Adj. ✱trannail ”of a/the shire”, only attested in lenited form drannail (ibid.); probably no distinct pl. form.
tî
line
(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.
tîr
glance
(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance) (view, looking), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
glance
(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance) (view, looking), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
looking
(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
looking
(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
view
(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
view
(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
uial
twilight
1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
cen
see
(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.
dín
her
: As the accusative (object) form of ”she”, see SHE. As the genitive form of ”she”, possibly dín, or ín when ”her” refers to the subject of the sentence. These terms are only attested with masculine meaning (”his”), but may be gender-neutral. As for as a genitive pronoun, see HIS.
dínen
silent
dínen (lenited dhínen, pl. dínin). In certain sources, Tolkien seems to presuppose that the unlenited form is actually tínen, with dínen as the lenited form, but elsewhere it is implied that dínen is the basic form, hence dhínen as the lenited variant.
dínen
silent
(lenited dhínen, pl. dínin). In certain sources, Tolkien seems to presuppose that the unlenited form is actually tínen, with dínen as the lenited form, but elsewhere it is implied that dínen is the basic form, hence dhínen as the lenited variant.
neth
nessa
Neth, also called Díneth ”the young bride” (na Nineth)
neth
nessa
also called Díneth ”the young bride” (na Nineth)
tín
his
*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.
tín
his
(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.
ín
his
(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)
dírnaith
noun. wedge-shaped battle-formation, (lit.) man-spearhead
cened
noun. looking, looking, *seeing
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
dael
noun. horror
danna-
verb. to fall
dínen
adjective. silent
@@@ variation reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on whether or not Sindarin genitives are lenited
dîn
noun/adjective. silence; silent, quiet
@@@ variation reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on whether or not Sindarin genitives are lenited
dûn
noun. west
edaid
adjective. double
gorog
noun. horror
gurth
noun. death
The usual Sindarin word for “death”, derived from the root √ÑGUR of similar meaning (UT/39; Ety/ÑGUR).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/43), anchored by well established names like Gurthang or Gurtholf(in), the name of Túrin’s sword. Tolkien experimented with various alternate forms over the years, such as G. urthu (GG/14), G. gurthu (GL/43), ᴱN. gurdh (PE13/146) and N. guruth (Ety/ÑGUR), but kept coming back to gurth as the basic form.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for death in general and especially violent death, as opposed to the more euphemistic [N.] gwanath or gwanu “death”, more literally “departure”.
hen(d)
noun. eye
The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.
heryn
noun. lady
maud
?. [unglossed]
mellon
noun. friend
men-
verb. to go
nim
adjective. white
paeth
noun. speech
thoss
noun. fear
thurin
masculine name. Secret
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
tirnen
adjective. guarded
tâd
cardinal. two
tîn
pronoun. his
Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).
ui-
prefix. twi-
dem
adjective. sad, gloomy
gwachae
adjective. far away
nuir
noun. yesterday
orvedui
noun. yesterday
ranoth
noun. month
tevas
noun. hatred
guruthos
noun. the shadow of death, death-horror
tirnen
noun. guarded
trannail
adjective. of the Shire
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
Nûrnen
place name. Death
_ topon. _Death, dead water. >> guru
Tinnúviel
noun. nightingale
nightingale
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
aeg
adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing
aer
adjective. holy
annûn
noun. west, sunset
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
arwen
noun. noble woman
athrabeth
noun. debate, converse
balch
adjective. fierce
_ adj. _fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL 'have power'.
barad
noun. tower, fortress
barad
tower
1b n. tower.
barad
tower
1c n. tower. Q. marto.
baw
interjection. no, don't!
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
boda
verb. refuse, forbid
car-
verb. to do
caro
verb. do! make!
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cirith
noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile
dae
noun. shadow
dae
noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade
dael
noun. horror
_ n. _horror.
danna
fall
_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.
danna-
verb. to fall
Written dant- in the Etymologies
dant
noun. fall
del
noun. horror
dern
hard
adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. dernlir. >> gorn
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
díhena-
verb. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?)
díheno
verb. forgive!
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dúlin
noun. nightingale
dû
night
_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.
dûn
noun. west
dûn
noun. west
_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
edaid
ordinal. double
edra-
verb. to open
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
edro
verb. open!
er
adjective. single
erui
adjective. single, alone
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
erui
adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
fain
noun/adjective. white
fain
noun/adjective. cloud
falch
noun. deep cleft, ravine
feleg
noun. cave
n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.
fuin
noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness
glam
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glam
noun. any body of Orcs
glamb
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glamb
noun. any body of Orcs
glamm
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glamm
noun. any body of Orcs
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
glintha-
verb. to glance at
glân
adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean
godref
adverb. through together
gohena-
verb. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?)
gorgor
noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear
gorn
hard
adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. gornhoth (hostile implication). >> dern
gorn
hard
gorog
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
groth
noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation
groth
noun. delving, underground dwelling
gurth
noun. death
guru
noun. death
_ n. _death. guru << gûru.
gwanu
noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)
gwathui
adjective. shadowy
gwein
adjective. young
adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn
gwein
adjective. young
haer
adjective. remote
_adj._remote. >> hae, haered, na-chaered
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
hen
noun. eye
hend
noun. eye
heneb
adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes
henn
noun. eye
heruin
noun. lady
heruin
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
híril
noun. lady, lady; [G.] princess, †queen
iand
adjective. wide
laden
adjective. open, cleared
lam
noun. physical tongue
lam
tongue
_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen
lam
noun. language
land
adjective. wide, broad
land
adjective. open space, level
lant
noun. fall
lhîw
noun. sickness
lond
noun. narrow path or strait
lond
noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven
lonn
noun. narrow path or strait
lonn
noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven
lothron
noun. the month of May
lîr
noun. line, line, [N.] row
madu
?. [unglossed]
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
megor
adjective. sharp-pointed
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
min
noun. peak
A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
minas
noun. tower
minas
noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower
minui
ordinal. first
minui
ordinal. first
morchant
noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape
moth
noun. dusk
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
naer
adjective. sad, lamentable
narwain
noun. the month of January
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
negen
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn
negn
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen
neitha-
verb. to wrong, to deprive
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
nim
white
_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil
nim
white
nimp
adjective. small and frail
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
nu
preposition. under
With suffixed article, see also nuin
nu
preposition. under
nuin
preposition. under the
paeth
noun. speech
probably related to Q. pahta 'speech'. >> Golodhbaeth
palan-
adverb. afar, abroad, far and wide
pîn
adjective. little
Similar words occur in Gnomish (pinig "tiny, little", PE/11:64) and in Qenya (pinea "small" etc., PE/12:73)
pîn
adjective. little
raud
noun. metal
raud
noun. metal
rend
adjective. circular
rhanc
adjective. awry
_ adj. _awry, akward. Q. hranga awkward, hard.
rodel
lady
1a _n._lady, high lady. >> Nimrodel
romru
noun. sound of horns
rond
noun. cave roof
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
roth
noun. cave
n. cave. Q. rondo.
rû
noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound
san
pronoun. that
silivren
adjective. (white) glittering
tad
cardinal. two
taith
noun. mark
thanc
adjective. cleft, split, forked
tirith
noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance
tirith
watch
{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith
tâd
cardinal. two
tínen
adjective. silent
tíra-
verb. to see
tírad
gerund noun. to see, for the seing
tíria
verb. gaze
tîn
adjective. his
uial
noun. twilight
uial
noun. twilight
_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
uilos
noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
în
adjective. his (referring to the subject)
ú
prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)
úthaes
noun. inducement to do wrong, temptation
û
interjection. no
adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).
Eru
the one
as a name of God: #Eru, isolated from CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
achas
fear
(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
aearon
great ocean
also Gaearon (i** ’Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i** Ngaearyn = *i Ñaearyn). Also short form Gaeron (i** ‘Aeron), pl. Gaeryn (i** Ngaeryn = i Ñaeryn*). Coll. pl. Gaearonnath, Gaeronnath.
ambenn
uphill
(adj.) ambenn (sloping upward), pl. embinn,
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
angos
horror
(pl. engys) (VT45:15)
annûn
west
ardhon
great province
(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.
athrabeth
debate
(noun) athrabeth (pl. ethrebith)
athrabeth
debate
(pl. ethrebith)
bassoneth
lady
(bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic ✱bassauneth.
baw!
no
! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix
baw!
no
(don’t!) Prefix
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
brennil
lady
(i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath.
bâd
pathway
(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
cael
sickness
(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)
car
do
car- (i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415),
car
do
(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415)
carag
spike
(i** garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i** cheraig).
ceber
spike
(i** geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. **cebir (i** chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn** Gebir.
cened
seeing
(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
conath
lamentation
(i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)
corn
circular
1) corn (round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle", 2) rend (pl. rind) (VT46:11),
corn
circular
(round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle"
cost
quarrel
(noun) cost (i gost, o chost), pl. cyst (i chyst)
cost
quarrel
(i gost, o chost), pl. cyst (i chyst)
dadbenn
do
(downhill, sloping down, inclined), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn. Verb
danna
fall
(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
danna
fall
(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
dant
fall, falling
(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)
dar
stop
(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
dar
stop
(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
dath
steep fall
(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).
daw
gloom
(i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath
daw
nighttime
(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
delos
fear
(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
horror
(i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
loathing
(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delu
fell
(hateful, deadly), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form).
dem
sad
(gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim
dolen
secret
(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
donn
shadowy
(black, swart, swarty, shady) (lenited dhonn, pl. dynn). (VT45:11). Also dunn- in compounds.
dorn
tough
1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
dorn
tough
(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
dín
she
or ín when ”her” refers to the subject of the sentence. These terms are only attested with masculine meaning (”his”), but may be gender-neutral. As for
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dúath
nightshade
(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).
dúlinn
nightingale
(i** dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i** núlinn) (SD:302).
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
dúnedhel
west-elf
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
dû
night
1) dû (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dû
late evening
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dû
nightfall
(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dû
nightfall
dû (i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dû
night
(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
echor
ring
(outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be *corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).
echor
ring
(pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be ✱corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
egnas
sharp point
(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
er
single
1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)
er
single
(pl. ir) (VT48:6)
falas
line of surf
(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****
falch
cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch
fela
cave
(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
fû Speculative
noun. path
galvorn
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*
gardh
bounded or defined place
(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);
gass
gap
(i ’ass, construct gas) (hole), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)
gawa
howl
(verb) gawa- (i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)
gawa
howl
(i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)
glavra
babble
glavra- (i **lavra, in glavrar**)
glavra
babble
(i ’lavra, in glavrar)
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glân
white
(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.
gohena
forgive
(i ’ohena, i ngohenar = i ñohenar). Apparently this refers to foregiveness between equals. (VT44:23)
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
gond
great stone
(i ’ond, construct gon) (rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
gorgoroth
deadly fear
(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.
gorog
horror
(i ngorog = i ñorog, o n’gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg.
goroth
horror
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth.
gorth
horror
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”
goss
horror
(i ’oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
groth
cave
(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)
grôd
cave
1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
grôd
cave
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gurth
death
(i ngurth = i ñurth, o n’gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth)
guruth
death
(i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n’guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth = i ñgyryth)
gwanath
death
(i ’wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith)
gwanu
death
(i ’wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract):
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
gwass
stain
(i ’wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i ’wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith)
gwatha
stain
(verb) gwatha- (i **watha, in gwathar**) (soil)
gwatha
stain
(i ’watha, in gwathar) (soil)
gwathuirim
shadowy people
(PM:330)
gwend
noun. friendship
gwend (i 'wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gwend
friendship
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gú
no, not
also ú
gûr
death
(i ngûr = i ñûr, o n’gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir)
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hend
eye
hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
hend
eye
(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
heneb
eyed
(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)
heria
set vigorously out to do
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)
hwest
breath
(i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
iaun
holy place
(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
imrad
path
(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.
imrad
path
(pass), pl. imraid.
lae-
verb. to not be
lam
tongue
(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lammad
sound of voices
pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.
lammas
account of tongues
lammen
my tongue
.
land
open space
(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.
land
wide
(plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”.
land
space
(open space) land (level), pl. laind, coll. pl. lannath. Also used as adj. ”wide, plain”.
land
space
(level), pl. laind, coll. pl. lannath. Also used as adj. ”wide, plain”.
lant
fall
_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
lant
fall
(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
law
noun. sound
lhûn
making sound
lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maur
gloom
(i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
maw
stain
(i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.
megor
sharp-pointed
(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
minas
tower
(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
morchant
shadow
(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
night
(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
neitha
deprive
(or, to wrong) #neitha- (i neitha, in neithar), isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
neitha
deprive
(i neitha, in neithar), isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
neitha
wrong
(verb) #neitha- (i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
neitha
wrong
(i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid);
neth
young
neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
neth
young
(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
niphred
fear
(pallor); pl. niphrid.
norn
hard
norn (twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)
norn
hard
(twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)
nuitha
stop short
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).
nûr
sad
(pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
othronn
fortress in a cave/caves
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).
pada
walk
(i bada, i phadar)
palan
over a wide area
(far off)
pann
wide
(i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with ✱pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity.
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
pathu
level place
(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in
paw
sickness
(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).
pel
fade
(i bêl, i phelir) (wither)
pessa
affect
(i bessa, i phessar) (concern) (VT46:8)
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
rend
adjective. circular
rend
circular
(pl. rind) (VT46:11)
rest
cleft
(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
rhûd
artificial cave
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*
rib
fling
rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, rush)
rib
fling
(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, rush)
romru
sound of horns
pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;
rond
cave
(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
roth
cave
(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)
roval
great wing
(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail); this is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.
râd
path
râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).
râd
path
(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).
sa
pronoun. that
sai
pronoun. those
sant
privately owned place
(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
silivren
glittering white
(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb
sirion
great river
(i** hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i** siryn).
sâd
place
sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sâd
place
(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
tad-dal
two-legged
(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.
tadol
double
(lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
tara
tough
(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
great wood
(i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
pronoun. that
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
teitha
draw
teitha- (i deitha, i theithar) (write)
teitha
draw
(i deitha, i theithar) (write)
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thamas
great hall
pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath.
thanc
cleft
(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
cleft
(forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
split
(adj.) thanc (forked, cleft), pl. thainc
thanc
split
(forked, cleft), pl. thainc
thinna
fade
(grow toward evening)
thinna
grow toward evening
(fade).
thoren
guarded
thoren (fenced, hidden), pl. thorin
thoren
guarded
(fenced, hidden), pl. thorin
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
thûl
breath
1) thûl (pl. thuil), 2) hwest (i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)
thûl
breath
(pl. thuil)
tinc
eminent
should at least be preferred for clarity).
tre
through
(adverbial prefix, sometimes = ”completely”) tre-, tri-. For an example of this prefix, see TELL TO END.
tre
through
tri-. For an example of this prefix, see
trî
through
(prep.) trî ;
trî
through
;
tâd
cardinal. two
1) tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).
tâd
two
(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)
tê
line
(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath
tûr
power
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
power
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.
ui
twi-
(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, both)
ui
two
(twi-, both).
vi
in
(VT44:23), with article vin
ûr
wide
(pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.