an-

prefix. intensitive prefix, intensive, intensive prefix, plu-, plus, intensive, superlative, intensive

-ndë

suffix. feminine agent

runda

adjective. smooth, polished

nillë

noun. silver glint, Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]

nassë

noun. nature, true-being, person, individual

lepende

noun. middle finger

hó

noun. spirit, shadow

landa

noun. a boundary, boundary

nildë

noun. friend (f.)

palla

preposition/adverb. far beyond

quár(e)

noun. fist, (tightly closed) hand

ilqua

noun. everything, all

mundo

noun. bull

ríma

noun. edge, hem, border

tenca

noun. letter (epistola)

lemba

adjective. left behind

voro

adverb. ever, continually

-n

suffix. dative

lenda-

verb. to go free

linquë

noun. (leaf of a) hyacinth, grass, reed

@@@ per Helge Fauskanger, reference on PE17/62 may refer to plant or to the kind of reedy leaf that a hyacinth has

tinga-

verb. go (for a long while), to go (for a long while)

forya

adjective. right (hand), dexter

-(i)nquë

suffix. thou-and-I (dual)

ham-

verb. to judge

ostirion

noun. fort

tar

affix. high, king or queen (in compounds)

lamba

noun. physical tongue, tongue (physical)

macar

noun. swordsman, †forger

maxë

noun. handiness

naina-

verb. to lament

noa

noun/adjective. former, yesterday, tomorrow

niquis(së)

noun. frost-patterns, ice-flake, snowflake, petal (loose) of a white flower

vëa

adjective. adult, manly, vigorous

yulmë

noun. drinking, carousal

isildurioni

collective name. Heirs of Isildur

A term for kings of Arnor as the descendants of Isildur (PM/191). This name is a compound of Isildur and the plural of the patronumic suffix -ion “-son”.

nill[ë]

noun. small [woman]

inga

noun. top, top, highest point

A word have the same root (√ING) as the name Ingwë, giving a clue to the original meaning of that name. In a few places, the plural Ingar of this word was used as another name for the Vanyar (MR/230, 265), but Tolkien more frequently used the plural Ingwë for this purpose: see Ingwi.

In later writings, this word was generally presented as a noun meaning “top, highest point” (PM/340, VT47/28), but in the Etymologies, ᴹQ. inga was an adjective glossed “first”, as in “foremost” (Ety/ING).

Tolkien stated that “inga ... applied to shapes pointing upward” but also that it “referred primarily to position and could be used of tops relatively broad” (VT47/28). Therefore, inga referred to the highest level whether it was a single point or a plateau.

lango

noun. a passage (physical), neck, neck, neck, (physical) passage

nan-

prefix. back (again), back or again, backwards

nië

noun. tear

írë

noun. desire

hosta

noun. large number

heren

noun. order

lindë

noun. air, tune, singing, song, singing, song, musical sound

raina

adjective. netted, caught in a net

ringë

noun. cold

russë

noun. head or pelt of red hair

silma

noun. crystal (white)

telima

adjective. final

tulca

adjective. firm, strong, immovable, steadfast

vinya

adjective. young, young, new

wenya

adjective. fair, beautiful

úmëa

adjective. abundant, swarming, teeming

finë

noun. a hair, single hair, filament

-nta

suffix. 3rd person plural neuter, 3rd person plural possessive, theirs

hróva

adjective. dark, dark brown (of hair)

hwindë

noun. birch

lanwa

noun. within bounds, limited, finite, (well-)defined

liantë

noun. spider

linga-

verb. to hang, dangle

lár

noun. a league, league

peltas

noun. fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’

verya-

verb. to marry (of husband and wife), be joined to

yanta

noun. bridge

nixë

noun. frost, ice-flake or snow-flake

laceníte

adjective. unseeing, blind

vëo

noun. living creature

sapta

noun. delved hole, pit

-lte

suffix. [Plural] 3, 3rd person plural, they

lala-

verb. to laugh

sac-

verb. to close

lehta-

verb. to loose, slacken

him-

verb. to adhere

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

ráva

adjective. free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

au-

prefix. away, away (from), away from the speaker or the place of his thought

ungwë

noun. spider’s web

hahta

noun. fence, hedge

úra

adjective. torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot

lumbë

noun. gloom, shadow

má

noun. hand

ní

preposition. beneath, not touching, under

toa

noun. wood (as material)

hanwa

noun. seat

onna

noun. child

si

adjective. this

taxë

noun. nail

ungo

noun. cloud, dark shadow

yá

conjunction. when

hyar-

prefix. left-hand, south

yána

adjective. wide, vast, huge

lumba

adjective. gloomy

nírë

noun. force

parca

adjective. naked (of persons)

ramba

noun. wall

tambë

preposition. as, so

lairë

noun. summer

luhta-

verb. to bow

ye

pronoun. who

hala

noun. a cast shadow, cast shadow

yú-

prefix. both

nótë

noun. number

* tel-

verb. to end, finish, to cease

* úlima

adjective. pourable, liquid

* larma

noun. raiment

* rillë

noun. brilliance

* quaista

fraction. one tenth

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/quaista)

* otsolë

noun. (seven-day) week

* phanto

noun. whale

This word only appears in the name of the Númenórean ship Turuphanto “Wooden-whale” (UT/191). The language of the name is unclear, but Carl Hostetter suggested (Tolklang/5.31) that the name is likely to be Quenya, since ᴱQ. turu meant “wood”. If so, the second element phanto might be Quenya for “whale”. This spelling is unusual, however. In Quenya, [f] was normally spelled “f”, while the spelling “ph” appeared only in languages like Sindarin or Adûnaic.

Conceptual Development: The only other attested words for “whale” are the very early G. uin and G. uimoth in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/74).

* sanda

noun. shield

* ser-

verb. to sew

* nac-

verb. to hew, cut, to hate, kill

* ruc-

verb. to feel fear or horror, to flee (to)

* pec

noun. nut

* lónë

noun. ilse

* il-

prefix. all, every, every

naugol

noun. Dwarf (diminutive)

-(r)il

suffix. feminine suffix

dîn

noun/adjective. silence, silent, silent, quiet

în

noun. year

-eg

suffix. 2nd person singular familiar possessive suffix

bara

adjective. fiery, eager

cund

noun. prince

This word is only directly attested in the Etymologies, appearing as N. †cunn “prince” (Ety/KUNDŪ) and marked as an archaic form (EtyAC/KUNDŪ). It still appears in later writings as a element in some first-age Sindarin names from The Silmarillion: Baragund, Belegund and (perhaps) Felagund. Its Quenya cognate Q. cundo also appears in later writings (PM/260, PE17/117-8), indicating that †cund may have remained conceptually valid. Elsewhere, the third-age Sindarin word for “prince” is said to be caun¹ (PE17/102), so it seems likely the older form †cund fell out use.

gland

noun. boundary

bregolas

noun. fierceness

rim

noun. great number, host, host, crowd, great number, people

taur

noun. forest, forest, (great) wood, wood, forest

beren

adjective. bold

dîs

noun. bride

alagos

noun. storm of wind

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

dannen

noun. ebb, lowtide

barad

noun. a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, tower, tower, fortress

harn

adjective. south, south, southern, southern

dartha-

verb. to wait, stay, remain, last, endure

asgar

adjective. violent, rushing, impetious

bôr

noun/adjective. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal

gas

noun. hole, gap

thorn

adjective. steadfast

auth

noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition, dim shape, spectral or vague apparition

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

brass

noun. great cliff

ui

adverb. ever

gell

noun. joy, triumph, (?victory)

anc

noun. jaw, row of teeth

ann

noun. gift

ech

pronoun. you, yourself (singular)

gwedh

noun. bond

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, shadow, dim light

agor

adjective. narrow

ath-

prefix. easily

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

fast

noun. shaggy hair

loss

noun. snow

glass

noun. joy

* an-

prefix. intensive prefix

* ast

noun. light or heat of the sun

* cened

noun. looking

* lain

noun. thread, warp, ‽twine

* norn

noun/adjective. hard, dwarf

* -ad

suffix. noun-suffix

zen’namân

place name. Blessed Realm, Blessed Realm, Land of Amân, Land of Aman

A draft Adûnaic name for the Blessed Realm, later replaced by Amatthâni (SD/385). Its initial element zen is a draft name for “land” also seen in the draft name Zen’nabâr “Land of Gift”. Its final element is Amân, the Adûnaic name of Manwë, joined to the first element with an elided form of the genitive prefix an- “of”. Therefore, the literal meaning of the name is “Land of Amân (Manwë)”.

-ig

suffix. diminutive/singular ending

-iel

suffix. feminine suffix, daughter

eiglir engrin

place name. Iron Hills, Iron Mountains, Iron Mountains, Iron Hills

Earlier name for S. Ered Engrin appearing in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s and Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LB/33, SM/220). This name is a combination of the plural of aiglir “mountain range” and the plural of the adjective angren “of iron”. It also appeared in the singular form Aiglir Angrin (LB/49, SM/220).

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

dúlin

noun. nightingale

aiglir angrin

place name. Iron Mountains

eilianw

noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge

thar-

prefix. across, beyond

dolt

noun. round knob, boss

dúwath

noun. night-shade

-eg

suffix. suffix for ordinal numbers

* -ion

suffix. adjectival suffix