hoth

noun. host, horde, host, horde; [N.] group plural; crowd; [ᴱN.] folk, [G.] people; †army

A word for a “host” or “horde” that was “nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in Sindarin” (PE17/39; UT/313). It was based on the root √KHOT “gather, together in confusion, jumble” and is used a class plural suffix for “unpleasant” groups such as Glamhoth, the collective name for orcs = “Din-horde” (UT/54).

Conceptual Development: This word has a long legacy, with G. hoth “folk, people, †army” appearing all the way back in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), derived from the early root ᴱ√HOSO [ΧOÞ] (QL/41). ᴱN. hoth “host, folk” appeared in Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147), and The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. hoth “host, crowd” derived from ᴹ✶khotsē “assembly” under the root ᴹ√KHOTH “gather” (Ety/KHOTH). At all these earlier stages it was used in the formation of group names, but the notion that it was limited to “unfriendly” groups seems to be a late idea.

hoth

host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S

_ n. _host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. >> glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

glamhoth

collective name. Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult

A collective term for Orcs, translated “din-horde” or “host(s) of tumult” (UT/54, MR/109, PE17/39). This name is combination of glam “din, uproar” and hoth “host, horde” (WJ/391, SA/hoth). This term was sufficiently common that it was generalized into another word for Orc: glamog (WJ/391).

Conceptual Development: The term G. Glamhoth was used for Orcs in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/160), but at this early stage was translated “People of Dreadful Hate” with its initial element being G. glâm “hate” (GL/39). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien revised the derivation of N. Glamhoth so that its initial element was N. glamm “shouting, confused noise; barbarous speech” (Ety/GLAM), and the term retained essentially the same derivation in later writings.

naur dan i ngaurhoth

*fire [be] against the wolf-horde

@@@ for gloss, compare to naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for rescue/saving us” (PE17/38).

gaurhoth

noun. group of werewolves

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

hoth

horde

hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

crowd

1. hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

horde

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

dornhoth

thrawn folk

(WJ:388, 408)

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

gaur

noun. werewolf

A noun for a “werewolf” (PE17/39; PE19/107; SA/gaur; Ety/ÑGAW), as opposed to a more ordinary wolf which would be [N.] garaf or draug. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gaur was derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” (Ety/ÑGAW), and a similar derivation appeared in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s (PE19/106-107), but in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien said the meaning of its root was “falsify, deform, disguise” (PE17/39).

Conceptual Development: The first appearance of the word Gaurhoth (untranslated) was The Lay of Beleriand from the 1920s, already in reference to “Gaurhoth Ilse” as the home of Sauron the werewolf lord (LB/337).

gaur

werewolf

gaur (i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

gaur

werewolf

(i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See WILD MAN.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath.

gaur

noun. werewolf

werewolf

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

noun. host, crowd; group plural

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

naur ad i gaurhoth

*fire [be] against the wolf-horde

gaur

noun. werewolf

draugluin

masculine name. Werewolf

gaur

noun. werewolf

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

liyúmë

host

liyúmë noun "host" (VT48:32)

liyúmë

noun. host

A word for “host” appearing in notes from the late 1960s, a combination of li(n)- “many” and -úmë “large (of quanity)” (VT48/32).

horma

horde, host

horma noun "horde, host" (LT2:341)

hos

folk

hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)

nauro

werewolf

nauro ("ñ")noun "werewolf" _(ÑGAW, PE17:39; according to the latter source, the word was adapted from Sindarin gaur)_.

rimbë

crowd, host, great number

rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)

sanga

crowd, press, throng

sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)

-hai

suffix. folk

lâi

collective noun. folk

A noun appearing only as an element in kadar-lâi “city folk” (SD/435). It may be related to Q. lië “people”, as suggested by various authors (AAD/18, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/LAI). In at least one Avari dialect, this word was lai (WJ/410).