orna

hasty

orna adj. (1) "hasty" (GOR)

corna

round, globed

corna ("k")adj. "round, globed" (KOR)

norno

dwarf

Norno (2) noun "dwarf"; a personalized form of the adjective norna(WJ:413); Nornalië (not *Nornolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole (WJ:388)

torna

hard

#torna adj. "hard", as in tornanga (q.v.), seemingly -storna after prefixes ending in a vowel, as in the comparative forms aristorna, anastorna (PE17:56; the forms are untranslated and may not necessarily be the same adjective "hard".)

torna

adjective. hard

Derivations

• √STOR “steadfast”

Element in

• Q. anastorna “*extremely hard” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. tornanga “hard-iron, iron hard, iron hard; hard-iron, *steel” ✧ PE17/056

corima

round

corima _("k")_adj. "round" (LT1:257; rather corna in Tolkien's later Quenya)

cánë

valour

cánë ("k")noun "valour" (KAN)

thorya-

dread, feel fear

†thorya- (þorya-) vb. "dread, feel fear"; this is Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

sarda

hard

sarda adj. "hard" (VT39:17); pl. sardë "hards" may be used in the same sense as sarda tengwi, q.v. (As an independent form we would rather expect a nominal pl. sardar.)

urda

hard, difficult, arduous

urda adj. "hard, difficult, arduous" (PE17:154)

Casar

dwarf

Casar ("k")noun "Dwarf", pl. Casari or Casári, partitive plural Casalli. Adapted from Dwarvish Khazâd. Casarrondo place-name "Khazad-dûm", Moria (WJ:388, 389; pl. Casári also in WJ:402)

Nauco

dwarf

Nauco ("k")noun "Dwarf" (capitalized in WJ:388, but not in Etym, stem NAUK). Naucalië (not *Naucolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole. Nauco is a personalized form of the adjective nauca "stunted" (itself sometimes used as a noun "dwarf"); pl. naucor (PE17:45). See also Picinaucor.

Naucon

dwarf

Naucon (Naucond-, as in the pl. Naucondi) noun "dwarf", variant of Nauco (PE17:45; not capitalized in the source)

tyelca

adjective. hasty, hasty; [ᴹQ.] agile, swift

Cognates

• S. celeg “*hasty, hasty; [N.] agile, swift” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

• ✶kelekā “*hasty” ✧ VT41/10
  • ᴹ√KYELEK “swift, agile”

Element in

• Q. Tyelcormo “Hasty-riser” ✧ PM/353

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kelekā > tyelka	[kjelekā] > [kjelkā] > [tjelkā] > [tjelka]	✧ VT41/10

Variations

• tyelka ✧ PM/353; VT41/10

astal

noun. valour

Derivations

• √STAL “strong”

gorn

hard

adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. gornhoth (hostile implication). >> dern

gorn

hard

_ adj. _hard, stiff, thrawn. >> gornod, gordh

gorn

Dwarf

pl2. gornhoth** ** n. Dwarf (hostile implication). >> dern

gorn

noun. valor

gorn

dread

(-ngorn-) 2b n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. >> Aragorn

gorn

adjective. revered

Derivations

• ✶ñgornā “dreaded, revered” ✧ PE17/113
  • √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror” ✧ PE17/113

Element in

• S. Aragorn “Revered King, Kingly Valour” ✧ PE17/113
• S. Fingon “Hair Shout” ✧ PE17/113 (Fingorn)
• S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout” ✧ PE17/113 (Turugorn)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ñgornā > gorn	[ŋgornā] > [ŋgorna] > [gorna] > [gorn]	✧ PE17/113

Variations

• gorn ✧ PE17/113

gorn

adjective. hard, stiff, thrawn

Derivations

• √GUR “hard, stiff, difficult, cumbrous, slow” ✧ PE17/154

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√GUR > gorn	[gurnā] > [gurna] > [gorna] > [gorn]	✧ PE17/154

Variations

• gorn ✧ PE17/046; PE17/154

nogon

dwarf

pl1. nogoth, pl2. nogothrim, naugrim** _ n. _dwarf. _fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Tolkien first glosed nogoth as 'a dwarf'. [**PE17:45-6] >> noegin, nogoth

dern

hard

adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. dernlir. >> gorn

dern

Dwarf

pl2. dernlir n. Dwarf. >> gorn

dornhoth

noun. the Dwarves, lit. "the Thrawn Folk"

tharan

adjective. vigorous

adj. vigorous. >> tharanduil, thranduil

tharan

adjective. vigorous

An adjective for “vigorous” derived from the Sindarin-only root √THAR “vigour” in notes from 1959 (D59), coined by Tolkien to explain the name Thranduil (< th(a)randuil) “Vigorous Spring” (PE17/27, 187).

Derivations

• √THAR “vigour” ✧ PE17/187

Element in

• S. Thranduil “Vigorous Spring” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/187

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√THAR > tharan	[tʰarane] > [θarane] > [θaran]	✧ PE17/187

nogothrim

noun. Dwarf-folk

nornwaith

noun. the Dwarves

nogoth

noun. Dwarf, lit. "the Stunted Folk"

nogotheg

noun. lit. "dwarflet", a name of the Petty-Dwarves

hadhodrim

noun. the Dwarves (as a race)

dîr

adjective. hard

_ adj. _hard, difficult. dērā << dīrā. >> dír-

naug

noun. dwarf

_ n. _dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, nogon, nogoth

hadhod

noun. Dwarf

naugrim

noun. Dwarves

achas

noun. dread, fear

This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition

gorn

valour

1) #gorn (i **orn), pl. gyrn (i ngyrn = i ñyrn). Isolated from the name Aragorn, ”Kingly Valour” (PM:xii). Note: a homophone is the adjective ”hasty, vigorous, impetuous”. 2) caun (i gaun, o chaun), pl. coen (i choen) if there is a pl. Note: a homophone of caun** means "clamour, outcry, cry, shout".

gorn

valour

(i ’orn), pl. gyrn (i ngyrn = i ñyrn). Isolated from the name Aragorn, ”Kingly Valour” (PM:xii). Note: a homophone is the adjective ”hasty, vigorous, impetuous”.

gorn

hasty

gorn (vigorous, impetuous); lenited orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

gorn

hasty

(vigorous, impetuous); lenited ’orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

gorn

vigorous

gorn (hasty, impetuous); lenited orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”. or

gorn

vigorous

(hasty, impetuous); lenited ’orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

gorn

impetuous

(vigorous, hasty); lenited ’orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

corn

round

corn (circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

round

(circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

norn

hard

norn (twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)

norn

hard

(twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)

basgorn

round bread

(loaf) (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn).

caun

valour

(i gaun, o chaun), pl. coen (i choen) if there is a pl. Note: a homophone of caun means "clamour, outcry, cry, shout".

nogoth

dwarf

nogoth (pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i **Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim _(WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) _The coll. pl. Dornhoth** ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.

dolt

round knob

(i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt

alag

impetuous

1) alag (rushing), pl. elaig; 2) ascar (rushing, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair), 3) gorn (vigorous, hasty); lenited orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

alag

impetuous

(rushing), pl. elaig

mûg

noun. dung

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo to replace G. gorn “dung”, the Sindarin equivalent of [ᴱQ.] múco “dung”.

Cognates

• ᴺQ. múco “dung, *manure, muck”

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. MUK “cacare [Latin], *defecate”

ascar

impetuous

(rushing, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair)

delos

dread

(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) gae (i **ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae), 3) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations. 4) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg** = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *göryth. 5) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”. 6) goss (i **oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss). 7) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst). 8) achas (fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

hadhod

dwarf

1) hadhod (i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd. 2) naug (in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)

kor

root. round, round; [ᴱ√] be round, roll

This was the Elvish root for round things throughout Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, and had Early Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. korima “round” and G. corm “ring, circle, disc” (GL/26). ᴹ√KOR “round” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/KOR). √KOR “round” was also mentioned in etymological notes probably written in the early 1960s (PE17/184). Its derivatives like Q. corma “ring” (LotR/953) and S. cerin “(circular) mound” (LotR/350; RC/309) appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. cornë “loaf”
• ᴺQ. coro “around”
• Q. coron “mound, mound; [ᴹQ] globe, ball”
• ᴺQ. corpë “skull”
• ᴺQ. coropë “skull”
• ᴺQ. corta- “to roll up, roll, pack”
• Q. corto “circle”
• S. cerin “circular mound, artificial hill, circular mound, artificial hill; [N.] round enclosure”
• S. cor “ring, circle”
• ᴺS. corob “skull”
• S. corod “circle”

Element in

• √SKOR “rough, marred, unequal or unsymmetrical in shape” ✧ PE17/184
• Q. coranar “(solar) year, (lit.) sun-round”
• Q. corma “ring”
• ᴺS. corf “ring (for fingers)”

gorn

adjective. impetuous

gorn

adjective. impetuous

Cognates

• ᴹQ. orna “hasty” ✧ Ety/GOR

Derivations

• ᴹ√GOR “violence, impetus, haste” ✧ Ety/GOR

Element in

• N. Celegorn “*Swift-impetuous” ✧ Ety/GOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GOR > gorn	[gorna] > [gorn]	✧ Ety/GOR

-gon

suffix. valour

Element in

• N. Faragon
• N. Fingon ✧ Ety/KAN
• N. Turgon ✧ Ety/KAN

corn

adjective. round, globed

corn

adjective. round, globed

Cognates

• ᴹQ. korna “round, globed” ✧ Ety/KOR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kornā “round, globed” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR

Element in

• Ilk. basgorn “round bread” ✧ Ety/KOR
• N. basgorn “loaf, loaf, [G.] loaf of bread, [ᴱN.] round loaf, cake” ✧ Ety/MBAS
• N. Ramas Coren
• N. rhingorn “circle” ✧ Ety/KOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kornā > corn	[kornā] > [korna] > [korn]	✧ Ety/KOR

gost

noun. dread

caun

noun. valour

caun

noun. valour

Cognates

• ᴹQ. káne “valour” ✧ Ety/KAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Element in

• N. -gon “valour” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KAN > caun	[kāne] > [kǭne] > [koune] > [kaune] > [kaun]	✧ Ety/KAN

Variations

• caun ✧ Ety/KAN

naugol

noun. dwarf

gae

noun. dread

naugl

noun. dwarf

nawag

noun. Dwarf