Sindarin 

niphred

pallor

n. pallor. >> nimp, niphredil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:55:168] < _ni(m)phred _< _ni(m)phraed_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

niphred

noun. pallor, pallor; [N.] fear

Sindarin [PE17/055; PE17/168; SA/nim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niphred

noun. pallor, fear

Sindarin [Ety/378, S/435, X/PH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

niphredil

noun. white flower (similar to a snowdrop); *(lit.) pale point

Name of a pale flower growing in Lórien and elsewhere (LotR/350). Tolkien described it as “a pale white flower (like snowdrop)” or “a delicate kin of a snowdrop” (PE17/55; Let/248). It is a combination of niphred “pallor” and -til “point” (PE17/55).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s Tolkien first gave N. nifredil as the name of “a green snowdrop” (TI/233). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien gave N. nínim “snowdrop” under the root ᴹ√NEI̯ “tear”, but nifredil was written beside it, perhaps a later addition (Ety/NEI). The first element of nínim is N. nîn “tear”, and the second element might be N. nimp “pale” from ᴹ√NIK-W (Ety/NIK-W); see below.

In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had G. ninconin “snowdrop” with ninghonin written below it, possible an alternate form (G/60). This earlier word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶ninqe-nı̯ēne and was a cognate to ᴱQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” containing ᴱQ. nie “tear” under the early root ᴱ√NYEHE and ᴱQ. ninqe “white” under the early root ᴱ√NIQI (QL/66, 68). Thus 1910s G. ninconin was similar in origin to 1930s N. nínim before Tolkien changed it to nifredil.

Sindarin [LBI/niphredil; Let/248; Let/402; LotR/0350; LotRI/Niphredil; PE17/055; PE17/168; S/091; SA/nim; SDI1/niphredil; SI/niphredil; WJI/niphredil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niphredil

a pale white flower

n.Bot. a pale white flower (like snowdrop). >> -il, niphred, til

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:55:168] < S. _niphred_ pallor + S. _til_ or -_il_ point, ending. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

niphredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

Sindarin [Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH] niphred+-il "little pallor". Group: SINDICT. Published by

niphred

pallor

niphred (fear); pl. niphrid

niphred

fear

(pallor); pl. niphrid.

niphred

pallor

(fear); pl. niphrid

niphredil

Niphredil

Niphredil is a Sindarin name meaning "little pallor", consisting of niphred ("pallor") + the ending -il.

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

achas

fear

(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.

nínim

snowdrop

(”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. – The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)

edlothia

flower

(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);

loth

flower

loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)

alf

noun. flower

Sindarin [PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elanor

noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers

Sindarin [LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402] êl+anor "star-sun". Group: SINDICT. Published by

elloth

noun. (single) flower

Sindarin [VT/42:18] er- + loth. Group: SINDICT. Published by

los

noun. snow

loss

noun. snow

The usual Sindarin word for “snow” (Let/278; PE17/161; RGEO/62), especially fallen and long-lying snow (VT42/18), derived from primitive ✶lossē (PE17/161) based on the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; RGEO/62). It sometimes appeared in a shorter form los (PE17/26, 161). See the entry on [s] for a discussion of these long vs. short variations; for purposes of Neo-Sindarin loss is probably preferable.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest iteration of this word was G. glui “snow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, likely related to nearby words like G. gloss “white” (GL/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gloss from the root ᴹ√GOLOS was both noun “snow” and adjective “snow-white” (Ety/GOLÓS), but in later writing Tolkien split these into S loss “snow” (see above) and S. gloss “(dazzling) white” (RGEO/62; VT42/18).

Sindarin [Let/278; PE17/026; PE17/161; RGEO/62; SA/los; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

loth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

Sindarin [Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loth

noun. flower

_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:26] < _lotho/a_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lotheg

noun. (single) flower

Sindarin [VT/42:18] loth + -eg. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mallos

noun. a golden flower

Sindarin [UT/451, Letters/248] malt+los "flower of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

ninglor

noun. golden water-flower, gladden

Sindarin [UT/280-81, UT/450] nîn+glaur "water gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

thos

noun. fear

_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:87] < ÞOS frighten, terrify. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

thoss

noun. fear

Sindarin [PE17/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

achas

fear

(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)

daedhelos

great fear

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for

delos

fear

(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dêl

fear

(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)

edlothia

flower

(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);

edlothiad

flowering

(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.  

goe

great fear

(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).

gorgoroth

deadly fear

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.

gosta

fear exceedingly

(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)

gwaloth

collection of flowers

(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see

gôr

fear

(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.

loss

snow

(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

lossen

snowy

(pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.

lossoth

snow-men

(a coll. pl.)

loth

flower

pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)

lotheg

single flower

lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).

Noldorin 

nifred

noun. pallor, fear

Noldorin [Ety/378, S/435, X/PH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimred

noun. pallor

del

noun. fear, disgust, loathing, horror

Noldorin [Ety/355] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gosta-

verb. to fear exceedingly

Noldorin [Ety/359] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhoth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

Noldorin [Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhothod

noun. (single) flower

Noldorin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lothod

noun. (single) flower

Noldorin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nifredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

Noldorin [Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH] niphred+-il "little pallor". Group: SINDICT. Published by

Quenya 

ninquiraitë

pallor

ninquiraitë ("kw")noun ?"pallor" (PE17:55). The word is cited as the cognate of Sindarin niphred "pallor, fear". The spelling in the source is "ninkwiraite", but the word cannot be intended as Old Sindarin (since kw had already become p in that language).

ninquelë

noun. pallor

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

alba

noun. flower

alma

flower

alma (2) "flower" (PE17:153), said to be the "usual Quenya word" or "general Quenya word" (i.e. for flower), but its coexistence with #1 is problematic. Compare lós, lótë, lotsë, indil.

alma

noun. flower

A word for “flower” derived from primitive ✶galmā in notes on flowers in the same bundle containing Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 (PE17/153). Initially Tolkien said alma meant both “a blessed thing and a flower”, then said that Q. almë was “a blessed thing” and alba was “flower” (< √GAL-AB), before saying that alma was “flower”. Tolkien implied that alma was a usual or general word for “flower” in Quenya. These same notes also said the word alda < ✶galadā was used mainly of flowering trees. It seems in this instance Tolkien connected the root √GAL (normally just “grow, flourish”) specifically to flowers, giving it the gloss “bloom” along with other glosses like “grow, flourish, be vigorous”.

Neo-Quenya: Elsewhere alda was the general word for a “tree” and √GAL had no special connection to flowers. I think alma as a “flower” word was a transient idea. I would use lótë “flower” instead for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since it is much better established.

caurë

fear

caurë _("k")_noun "fear" (LT1:257)

fauta-

to snow

fauta- vb. *"to snow" (actually glossed fauta = "it snows") (GL:35)

hriz-

to snow

#hriz- vb. "to snow", impersonal, given in the form hríza "it is snowing". Normally z would turn to r in Exilic Quenya, but since two r's close to one another were disliked, it may be that hriz- became *hris- instead (compare razë "sticks out" becoming rasë instead of **rarë, PE19:73) Past tense hrinsë (with s from the original root SRIS) and another form which the editor tentatively reads as hrissë (the development ns > ss is regular). (PE17:168)

insil

noun. flower

TQ. flower, lily

Quenya [PE 19:99] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lós

flower

lós (þ?) noun "flower" (PE17:26). If this is to be the cognate of Sindarin loth, as the source suggests, the older Quenya form would be *lóþ.

lóte

noun. flower

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lótë

flower

lótë noun "flower", mostly applied to larger single flowers (LOT(H), LT1:259, VT42:18). (The shorter form -lot occurs in compounds, e.g. fúmellot, q.v.) In the names Ninquelóte *"White-flower" (= Nimloth), Vingilótë "Foam-flower", the name of Eärendil's ship (SA:loth), also in Lótessë fifth month of the year, "May" (Appendix D). See also olótë, lotsë.

nor-

prefix. fear

thosso

fear

thosso (þossë) noun "fear" in Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

ñor

fear

[ñor noun? prefix? "fear" (PE17:172)]

þossë

noun. fear

sossë

noun. fear

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Primitive elvish

ninkwiraite

noun. pallor

Primitive elvish [PE17/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galab

root. flower

Primitive elvish [PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galmā

noun. flower

Primitive elvish [PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossē

noun. snow

Primitive elvish [PE17/161; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lot(h)

root. flower

This root and ones like it were connected to flowers for all of Tolkien’s life. The earliest manifestation of this root was ᴱ√LOHO or ᴱ√LO’O from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s; the entry for ᴱ√LOHO appears immediately below ᴱ√LO’O, and Tolkien indicates they are related roots, both extended from ᴱ√OLO “tip” (QL/55). These roots include derivatives like ᴱQ. lōte “flower”, ᴱQ. lotōrea “flourishing” and ᴱQ. lokta- “sprout, bud, put forth leaves or flowers”. There are also derivatives of these roots in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon: G. lost “blossom, bloom”, G. lothli “floret”, G. luitha- “to bloom” (GL/54-55), though G. lôs “flower” was said to be unrelated, connected to G. lass “leaf” instead (GL/55). ᴱQ. losse “rose” probably had a similar derivation (QL/56).

This confusion of √LOT(H) and √LOS carried forward into Tolkien’s later writings. In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹ√LOT(H) was given as the root for “flower” (Ety/LOT(H)), but this entry originally included a variant ᴹ√LOS (EtyAC/LOT(H)). Tolkien then said ᴹQ. losse “blossom” (< ᴹ√LOT(H)) was “usually, owing to association with olosse snow, only used of white blossom” (Ety/LOT(H)), where ᴹQ. olosse was derived from ᴹ√GOLOS “✱snow, white” (Ety/GOLÓS). This intermingling carried forward into etymological notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s, where Tolkien said (PE17/26):

> The stems √LŎS, √LOTH, √LOT are much entangled both for formal reasons, and because of actual associations of meaning (probably from beginning of Primitive Quendian and explaining the approach of the forms). Quenya word for “flower, a single bloom” is lóte, but S loth (< lotho/a), but Quenya also has lōs. Q. for snow is losse (S los).

These associations were also mentioned in etymological notes on roots for flowers from this same period, where Tolkien clarified that √LOT, √LOTH were the roots for “flower” and √LOS for “snow” (PE17/160-161). These roots were mentioned again in notes associated with The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s (VT42/18):

> S. loss is a derivative of (G)LOS “white”; but loth is from LOT. Sindarin used loss as a noun, but the strengthened form gloss as an adjective “(dazzling) white”. loth was the only derivative of LOT that it retained, probably because other forms of the stem assumed a phonetic shape that seemed inappropriate, or were confusible with other stems (such as LUT “float”), e.g. ✱lod, ✱lûd. loth is from a diminutive lotse and probably also from derivative lotta-.

In this last note, Tolkien seems to have abandoned √LOTH, explaining S. loth “flower” as derived from √LOT via ✱lotse. In any case, starting in the 1930s Tolkien was consistent that the roots for “flower” and “snow” were distinct but often confused, and that snow-words were derived from roots like √(G)LOS and flower words from roots like √LOT(H), though he waffled a bit on the exact details.

Primitive elvish [PE17/026; PE17/160; PE17/161; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lotho/a

noun. flower

Primitive elvish [PE17/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lotse

noun. flower

Primitive elvish [VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sris

root. snow

An apparently verbal root as √SRIS “snow” appearing in etymological notes from around 1959 with derivatives like Q. hrisse “fall of snow” and Q. hríza “it is snowing”; it replaced a deleted root √SRITH “snow” (PE17/168).

Primitive elvish [PE17/168; PE17/185] Group: Eldamo. Published by

srith

root. snow

Primitive elvish [PE17/168] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

failthi

noun. pallor

Gnomish [GL/33; LT2A/Failivrin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. snow

A noun for “snow” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/35). It was first glossed “a hoard”, probably a cognate of ᴱQ. foa “hoard” under the root the early root ᴱ√FOƷO (QL/38), but its gloss was revised and it was given an new Qenya cognate ᴱQ. fáwe. This change in gloss probably reflects a new root, but nothing in the Qenya Lexicon seems appropriate.

glui

noun. snow

lôs

noun. flower

Gnomish [GL/40; GL/52; GL/55; LT1A/Gar Lossion; LT1A/Minethlos; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Lôs; PE13/104; PE15/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

gost

noun. fear

Early Noldorin [PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pant

noun. fear

Early Noldorin [PE13/121; PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

fáwe

noun. snow

A Qenya noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. “snow” (GL/35).

Early Quenya [GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iskane

noun. pallor

Early Quenya [QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meril

noun. flower

A word for a “flower(s)” in the name ᴱQ. Meril-i-Turinqi “Queen of Flowers” (LT1/16; GL/46).

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s later writing, S./N. {Beril >>} Meril was used for the name “Rose”.

Early Quenya [GL/45; GL/46; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT2I/Meril-i-Turinqi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqis

noun. snow

Early Quenya [LT1A/Taniquetil; PME/066; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

niqe

noun. snow

Old Noldorin 

losse

noun. snow

Old Noldorin [Ety/OY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

gayas

root. fear

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fear” (Ety/GÁYAS). One of its derivatives, N. gaer “dreadful” (< ᴹ✶gaisrā), was given a new etymology in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where S. gaer “awful, fearful” was derived from ✶gairā (WJ/400). However, it is conceivable that √GAYAS could have survived as an extension of the later root √GAY “astound, make aghast”.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GÁYAS; PE18/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lot(h)

root. flower

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GOLÓS; Ety/LOT(H); Ety/WIG; EtyAC/LOT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ƕawa Speculative

root. snow

A hypothetical root explaining words in the Gnomish Lexicon such as ᴱQ. fáwe/G. “snow” and ᴱQ. fauta-/G. fôtha- “to snow” (GL/35). Given the existence of ᴱ√FAWA “smell”, I theorize this root may be slightly different, perhaps ?ᴱ√ǶAWA, but that’s just a guess. There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by