smal

root. yellow

skal

root. small fish

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small fish” with derivatives like ᴹQ. hala of the same meaning and ᴹQ. halatir(no)/N. heledir “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” (Ety/SKAL²). Elsewhere in The Etymologies Tolkien had ᴹ√KHAL¹ “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but there the root was revised to ᴹ√KHOL before the entry was deleted with reference to ᴹ√SKAL (Ety/KHAL¹). TThis primitive khal-form for “fish” also appeared as a note on the title page of The Etymologies (EtyAC/KHAL¹).

smaldā

noun. gold (as metal)

smalinā

adjective. yellow

smalu

noun. pollen, yellow powder

smalwā

adjective. fallow, pale

mit

root. small

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small” with various Quenya and Noldorin derivatives of similar meaning (Ety/MIT).

kwǣnē

noun. small gull, petrel

mitra

adjective. small

philik

root. small bird

aiwē

root. (small) bird

A “root” (more likely just a primitive word) appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as the basic for the words ᴹQ. aiwe, N. aew “small bird” (Ety/AIWĒ). A precursor ᴱ√aı̯ to this root appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. aiwe, G. aigli “bird” (GL/17). The continued appearance of Q. aiwë (UT/401) and S. aew (S/119) in later writings strongly indicates this primitive form remained valid in Tolkien’s later writings.

miw

root. *small, tiny, frail

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. míwa and N. mîw “small, tiny, frail” (EtyAC/MIW²).

khal

root. (small) fish

khol

root. (small) fish

gonod

root. stone

The Elvish words for “stone” were established very early as Q. ondo and S. gond. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave the root of these words as ᴱ√ONO “hard” with derivatives like ᴱQ. ondo “stone, rock” and ᴱQ. onin “anvil” (QL/70). But its Gnomish derivatives like G. gonn “stone” and G. gontha “pillar” (GL/41) indicate the actual root was ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, since initial ʒ > g in Gnomish.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root as ᴹ√GONOD or √GONDO “stone” with essentially the same Elvish forms: ᴹQ. ondo and N. gonn (Ety/GOND). The root itself did not appear in later writings, but Tolkien continued to state, with great frequency, that the primitive form of the word was ✶gondō (Let/410; PE17/28; PE18/106; PE21/81; PM/374; RC/347).

lin

root. pool

nenle

noun. brook

pheleg

root. cave

rǭda

noun. cave