le

pronoun. you

le

preposition. with, by

le tule

le tule

le tulir

le tulir

lemba

adjective. left behind

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “left behind” derived from ᴹ✶lebnā under the root ᴹ√LEB “stay, stick, adhere, remain, tarry” (Ety/LEB).

lemberin

proper name. *of the Lembi

A term for the language(s) of the Lembi from linguistic writings of the 1930s (LR/171), also appearing as Lembarin (PE18/26), a compound of that name with the language suffix -rin.

Conceptual Development: This term did appear in some later writings (PM/30) but was ultimately replaced by Avarin.

lemya-

verb. to remain, tarry, to remain, tarry; *to be left over

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to remain, tarry” derived from the root ᴹ√LEM of similar meaning (EtyAC/LEB).

Neo-Quenya: Given ᴹQ. lemba “left behind”, I think lemya- might also be used for “remain = be left over/behind”.

le·mere kina masta

do you want a little bread? (when little is precise and not partitive)

lesta-

verb. to leave

le-tuluva?

will you come, please?

lehta-

verb. to loose, slacken

A verb appearing as ᴹQ. lehta “loose, slacken” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” (Ety/LEK). It had a variant form, given as leuka in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/368), but in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne stated the actual form was lenka (VT45/27).

lenda-

verb. to linger

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “linger” derived from the root ᴹ√LEM “stay, stick, adhere, remain, tarry” (EtyAC/LEB).

leo

noun. shade, shadow cast by any object

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “shade, shadow cast by any object” from primitive ᴹ✶daı̯ō under the root ᴹ√DAY “shadow” (Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY). This root was primarily used for N. dae “shadow” in N. Dor-Daedeloth “Land of the Shadow of Dread”; in later writings the Dae- element in that name seems to have become dae(r) “great” (WJ/183), so I suspect ᴹ√DAY “shadow” and its derivatives were abandoned.

lenna-

verb. to go, depart; to come

lesto

noun. journey

le·mere umma masto?

Do you want some/any bread?

le·qente mana?

what did you say?

lembi

collective name. Those That Lingered

lemnar

noun. (Valarin five-day) week

lempe

cardinal. five

lepse

noun. finger

lepta

suffix. *fingered

lesta

noun. measure

leláne tule

you did not come

lenka-

verb. to loose, slacken

let

noun. finger

le·mere imma mastō

do you want some bread, any quantity of bread and if so what

le·merne i ni·karnéte

you wished that I had made (lit. made) it

taile

noun. lengthening, extension

mana le·qente

what did you say?

qelle

noun. Autumn

niule

?. [unglossed]

lassekanta

adjective. leaf-shaped

An adjective for “leaf-shaped” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. lasse “leaf” and ᴹQ. -kanta “-shaped” (Ety/KAT).

tengwesser

collective name. Letter-names

A term for tengwar letter names appearing in linguistic notes from the late 1930s to early 1940s, a combination of tengwe “writing” and the plural of esse “name” (PE22/22, 50).

telko

noun. leg, stem

hyarmaite

adjective. left-handed

hyarya

adjective. left (hand)

lasse

noun. leaf

lasselanta

noun. leaf-fall, autumn; October

néme

noun. leave, *permission

taina

adjective. lengthened, extended, prolonged

tengwa

noun. letter; writing, grammar

pelko

noun. leg

á he mittar

let them come in

á he tuluvar

let them come

kap-

verb. to leap, to leap, [ᴱQ.] jump

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 based on the root ᴹ√KAP “leap”, illustrating the conjugation of basic verbs with stems ending in p (PE22/102). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. kap- “leap” (PE16/132, 134), and the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kapin “I jump” under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” (QL/45). The survival of related Sindarin words like cabed “leap” in Tolkien’s later writings (S/224) indicate the ongoing validity of Q. cap- “leap”.

taita-

verb. to prolong, to prolong, *lengthen

A verb for “to prolong” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAY “extend, make long(er)” (Ety/TAY). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would also used it with the sense “✱lengthen”.

tolu-

verb. to stand up, get up, leave one’s seat

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 given as an example of the inceptive use of the verbal extension u (PE22/114), clearly based on the root ᴹ√TOL (Ety/TOL²).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon, ᴱQ. tolu- was glossed “roll up, furl” under the early root ᴱ√TOL+U of similar meaning, contrasted with ᴱQ. velu- “unfurl” (QL/94).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings it seems tar- became the usual verb for “stand”, but I would retain inceptive ᴹQ. tolu- “stand up, get up” for the sake of variety.

-lóra

suffix. without, less

hyarmen

noun. south, left hand

ista-

verb. to know, learn

istima

adjective. having knowledge, wise, learned

istyar

noun. scholar, learned man, lore-master, wizard

nóla

adjective. wise, learned

talta

adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning

ke·tuluva?

will you come, please?

líve

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

otornasse

noun. brotherhood, brotherhood, *association

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “brotherhood”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother, associate” (Ety/TOR).

panta

adjective. open, open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶pantā “open” under the root ᴹ√PAT (Ety/PAT).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. panta “open, wide, spreading” under the early root ᴱ√PATA² or PṆTṆ “open, spread out, show” (QL/72).

qáme

noun. sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickness” under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). ᴱQ. qáme also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “sickness, nausea” under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume this noun applies mainly to stomach illnesses and nausea, as opposed to general sickness which would be [ᴺQ.] hlívë.

tuvu-

verb. to take, to take, [ᴱQ.] require, cost, receive, accept

The verb ᴱQ. tuvu- appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “receive, accept, take, require, cost” under the early root ᴱ√TUVU (QL/96). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with the gloss “receive”, given as the cognate of G. tû- “receive; take; get; become” (GL/71). The verb appeared in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar as tuv “receive, take”, with past túvie and present tuve or tue, along with an “impersonal” variant tú (PE14/58).

Similar verb forms ᴹQ. tuvo “take” and túvie “took” appeared in the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) the late 1940s (PE23/92). The aorist verb form tuvo is peculiar, but it may be in that moment Tolkien imagined this was a u-verb tuvu-, and that the aorist forms of such a u-verb was tuvo < ✱tuvŭ rather than tuvu < ✱tuvū as it was in other documents of this period such as the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/114).

QVS also introduced a new meaning for ᴹQ. tuve “finds” (PE22/108 note #50) in that document revised to ᴹQ. kime (PE22/108, 125), but later still Q. utúvienyes “I have found it” appeared in The Lord of the Rings. See those entries for further discussion.

Neo-Quenya: It is possible that tuvu- “take” was displaced by Q. tuv- “find, discover”. However, we have no good Quenya word for “take”, so for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain tuvu- “take” as a u-verb, perhaps related somehow to tuv- “find” after considerable semantic drift. I would also retain the earlier meanings “require, cost”, as in tuvus miriani canta “it costs [takes] four mirian [a Gondorian coin]”. For “receive, accept”, I would instead use the later verb cav-.

masta

noun. bread

tana

that

tul-

verb. to come

elda

noun. Elf

(a)ranya

adjective. free

alalme

noun. elm-tree

alda

noun. tree

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

anda

adjective. long

ando

adverb. long

anta-

verb. to give

apsa-

verb. to go away

atan

noun. Man

auta-

verb. to go away

ava-

prefix. without

engwa

?. [unglossed]

esse

noun. place

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

kainen

cardinal. ten

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

kumna

adjective. empty

kundu

noun. prince

laiqa

adjective. green

lamya-

verb. to sound

landa

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad

lanta

noun. fall

lanta-

verb. to fall

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

lára

adjective. flat

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

mandu

noun. lord

mende

noun. will

mirima

adjective. free

má

noun. hand

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

ninqe

adjective. white

nolya-

verb. to teach, to teach, *educate, tutor

nome

noun. place

ná-

verb. to be

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

pasta

adjective. smooth

qen

noun. Elf

qende

noun. Elf

rampa

?. [unglossed]

saira

adjective. wise

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tane

pronoun. that

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

tengwe

noun. writing

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

vaire

feminine name. Weaver

valya-

verb. can

ve

preposition. with

veo

noun. man

ye-

verb. to be

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

yo

conjunction. and

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

au-

prefix. without

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

harmen

noun. south

ikkin

pronoun. you (emphatic plural familiar)

in

pronoun. that

lalme

noun. elm-tree

lanna

noun. plain

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

namárie

interjection. farewell

ranya

adjective. free

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

ye

conjunction. and

yu

conjunction. and

éma

?. [unglossed]