Quenya 

amuntë

sunrise

amuntë noun "sunrise" (LT2:335; Tolkien's later Quenya has anarórë)

Ambarónë

uprising, sunrise, orient

Ambarónë noun "uprising, sunrise, Orient" (AM2)

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

róna

adjective. east

orontë

sunrise

orontë, oronto noun "Sunrise" (LT1:264). Notice that in Tolkiens later Quenya, orontë is also the intransitive pa.t. ("rose") of the verb orta- "rise/raise" (q.v.)

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

anarórë

sunrise

anarórë noun "sunrise" (ORO)

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

hróme(n)

noun. east

orró-

uprising, sunrise, east

orró-, hró- "uprising, sunrise, east" (PE17:18), element underlying words like the following, and also hróna (q.v.)

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

hró-

prefix. east

róme

noun. east

Sindarin 

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amrûn

adjective. of the uprising

adj. of the uprising, eastern. Q. ambaróna. >> rhûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:91:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amrûn

noun. sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising

Cognates

  • Q. Ambaróna “Eastern (Land)” ✧ PE17/091
  • Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/rómen

Elements

WordGloss
am“up, up, [G.] upwards, towards head of, above”
rhûn“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

Variations

  • Amrûn ✧ LotR/1116
Sindarin [LotR/1116; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/091; PE17/122; SA/rómen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:96:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhûn

place name. East

The great inland sea of the East (LotR/1045), which is simply rhûn “east” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: On draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name was N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” (TI/307), also appearing as Rúnaer >> Rhúnaer in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/198). A similar form N. Rúnaeluin appears in the drafts of the final chapters of the Lord of the Rings, and might be a variation of this name (SD/65, 71 note #9).

Elements

WordGloss
rhûn“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”
Sindarin [LBI/Rhûn; LotRI/Rhûn; PMI/Rhûn; UTI/Rhûn; WJI/Rhûn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhûn

noun. east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising

The Sindarin word for “east”, cognate of Q. rómen (LotR/1116, 1123). It was ultimately derived from the root √RŌ/ORO “rise” (Ety/RŌ), and so likely originally meant “rising” as in “rising sun” (PE22/35).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhûn “east” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with ᴹQ. rómen, both derived from ᴹ√ (Ety/RŌ). At the time, there were no problems with this equivalence, since [[n|initial [r] was unvoiced]] in Noldorin. Tolkien went on to use both these forms in The Lord of the Rings.

Unfortunately, Tolkien later abandoned the unvoicing of initial r in Sindarin, making these two forms problematic. Tolkien considered modifying the Sindarin form to rûn (PE17/88) or the Quenya form to hrómen (PE17/18). The latter was probably derived from an s-strengthened form of the root ᴹ√SRŌ (PE22/127), where the initial sr- would become voiceless [r] in both Quenya and Sindarin. Ultimately, though, he left both forms alone. Perhaps he decided the s-strengthening of the root was a Sindarin-only variant.

Cognates

  • Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/074; PE17/088; SA/rómen

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • Rhûn ✧ PE17/074
  • rûn ✧ PE17/088
  • rún ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141
Sindarin [LotR/1116; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/074; PE17/088; PE17/096; PE17/122; PE17/139; PE17/141; SA/rómen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhuven

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amrûn

uprising

(noun) amrûn (sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

uprising

(sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

sunrise

amrûn (orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

sunrise

(orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

orient

amrûn (sunrise, east, uprising)

amrûn

orient

(sunrise, east, uprising)

rhûn

east

(?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term ✱Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. ), but it would seem that f here represents v. –

rhu

east

*(as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”)*.

Adûnaic

azûl

noun. east

A noun for “east” attested only in the prepositional phrase azûlada “eastward, ✱to the east” = azûl + -ada “to(ward)” (SD/247, 312).

Element in

Variations

  • azūl ✧ SD/247; SD/312
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

(s)rō Reconstructed

root. east

Derivatives

  • Q. ro- “uprising, sunrise, east”
  • S. rhûn “east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

Elements

WordGloss
RŌ/ORO“up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising”

Noldorin 

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

amrûn

noun. uprising, sunrise, Orient, east

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ambaróne “uprising, sunrise, Orient” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • ᴹQ. róna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Elements

WordGloss
am“up”
rhûn“east, eastern; †rising”

Variations

  • am-rún ✧ Ety/AM²
  • am-rûn ✧ EtyAC/AM²
  • amrún ✧ PE22/035
  • Amrūn ✧ PE22/041
Noldorin [Ety/AM²; Ety/NDŪ; Ety/RŌ; EtyAC/AM²; PE22/035; PE22/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhufen

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhufen

adjective. east

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rómen “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > rhufen[rōmena] > [rūmena] > [rūmen] > [r̥ūmen] > [r̥umen] > [r̥uven]✧ Ety/RŌ

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

róna

adjective. east

Cognates

  • On. rōna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ
  • N. rhûn “east, eastern; †rising” ✧ Ety/RŌ
  • N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > róna[rōna]✧ Ety/RŌ

rómen

noun. east

Cognates

  • N. rhufen “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Element in

Variations

  • Rómen ✧ Ety/MEN; SMI/Rómen
  • rōmen ✧ PE22/050
Qenya [Ety/MEN; Ety/RŌ; LR/047; LR/056; PE22/023; PE22/050; SD/310; SMI/Rómen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaróre

noun. sunrise

Elements

WordGloss
Anar“Sun”
óre“rising, rising, *rise; [ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East”

Doriathrin

radhon

noun. east

A Doriathrin word for “east”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAD “back, return” (Ety/RAD). It could have developed from primitive forms like ✱✶radon or ✱✶radn(ǝ), with -on developing in the second example because [[ilk|[o] developed between a consonant and a final [n]]] in Ilkorin. As noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/radhon), the sense “east” probably developed from the meaning “back” because the Elves thought of themselves as facing West when marking directions, so that East was behind them.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAD “back, return” ✧ Ety/RAD

Element in

  • Ilk. Radhrim “East-march” ✧ Ety/RAD
  • Ilk. Radhrost “East Vale” ✧ Ety/RAD

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAD > radhon[radon] > [raðon]✧ Ety/RAD
Doriathrin [Ety/RAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

rōna

noun. east

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. róna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivatives

  • N. rhûn “east, eastern; †rising” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > rōna[rōna]✧ Ety/RŌ

Variations

  • róna ✧ EtyAC/RŌ
Old Noldorin [Ety/RŌ; EtyAC/RŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

srō

root. east

A root appearing in a rejected page of roots from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/127), possibly as a variant of √RŌ/ORO that Tolkien introduced to explain S. rhûn “east” after he decided initial r- did not become rh- in Noldorin/Sindarin; see the entry on S. rhûn for discussion.

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. orro- “to rise (from ground)” ✧ PE22/127
  • ᴹQ. orro “up in the air, on high” ✧ PE22/127
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/127] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

orosaura

noun. sunrise

rost’aura

proper name. Sunrise

Elements

WordGloss
rosta“ascent, uprising, rising”
aur(a)“Sun”

Variations

  • Oros·Aura ✧ GL/66
Gnomish [GL/66; LT1A/Tavrobel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

amrost úr

sunrise

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by