Quenya 

ve

we

ve (2) pron. "we", 1st person pl. inclusive (corresponding to exclusive me), derived from an original stem-form we (VT49:50, PE17:130). Variant vi, q.v. Stressed , later (VT49:51). Dative (*wéna >) véna, VT49:14. Dual wet*, later vet "the two of us" (inclusive; cf. exclusive met) (VT49:51). Also compare the dative form ngwin or ngwen (q.v.), but this would apparently be wen > ven** according to Tolkiens later ideas.

ve

as, like

ve (1) prep. "as, like" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya, MC:213, 214, VT27:20, 27, VT49:22); in Narqelion ve may mean either "in" or "as". Ve fírimor quetir *"as mortals say" (VT49:10), ve senwa (or senya) "as usual" (VT49:10). Followed by genitive, ve apparently expresses "after the manner of": ve quenderinwë coaron ("k") "after the manner of bodies of Elven-kind" (PE17:174). Tolkien variously derived Quenya ve from older , or vai(VT49:10, 32, PE17:189)

ve

pronoun. us (inclusive)

Derivations

  • we “we, us (inclusive)” ✧ PE17/130; PE17/130; VT49/50
    • ñwe “1 pl. inclusive base” ✧ VT48/10; VT48/10
    • me “1st-pl-exclusive pronoun” ✧ VT48/10

Element in

  • Q. hrívë úva véna “winter is drawing near (to us)” ✧ PE22/167; VT49/14
  • Q. inwë “ourselves (inclusive)”
  • ᴺQ. venya “ours (inclusive)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
wē̆ > vē̆[wē] > [βē] > [vē]✧ PE17/130
wi > vi[wi] > [βi] > [vi]✧ PE17/130

Variations

  • vē̆ ✧ PE17/130
  • vi ✧ PE17/130
  • ✧ VT49/51
Quenya [PE17/130; PE22/167; VT49/14; VT49/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ve

preposition. as, like, similar, after the manner [of], as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; [ᴹQ.] with

Cognates

  • S. be “in; ?as, like, as, like; in”

Derivations

  • “as, like” ✧ VT49/10; VT49/32; VT49/32

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> vē̆[wē] > [βē] > [vē]✧ VT49/10
> ve[bē] > [βē] > [vē]✧ VT49/32
vai > ve[bai] > [βai] > [vai] > [ve]✧ VT49/32

Variations

  • ve ✧ LotR/0377; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; MC/222; MC/222; MC/222; PE17/036; PE17/063; PE17/063; PE17/063; PE17/069; PE17/076; PE17/174; PE17/175; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; VT49/10; VT49/22; VT49/32; VT49/32
  • ✧ PE17/063
  • vē̆- ✧ PE17/130
  • vē̆ ✧ PE17/189; VT49/10
Quenya [LotR/0377; MC/222; PE17/036; PE17/063; PE17/069; PE17/076; PE17/130; PE17/174; PE17/175; PE17/189; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; VT49/10; VT49/22; VT49/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-vë

as, like

-, (3) apparently an ending used to derive adverbs from adjectives (see andavë under anda and oiavë under oia). May be related to the preposition ve "as, like".

-vë

suffix. abstract noun, adverb

Derivations

Element in

  • Q. andavë “long, at great length”
  • ᴺQ. anwavë “surely, certainly”
  • Q. auvië “possession (abstract), *the act of possessing”
  • Q. coivië “life, life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; awakening” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. cuivië “awakening” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. ilúvë “the whole, the all, allness, the whole, the all, allness; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; Heaven”
  • Q. návë “being” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/074
  • Q. sívë “knowing, knowledge” ✧ PE17/068

Variations

  • -ve ✧ PE17/068
  • ve ✧ PE17/074
Quenya [PE17/068; PE17/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vet

vet

*vet, see ve #2

sívë

as

sívë (1) prep. "as", apparently ve of similar meaning with the prefix - "this, here, now"; sívë therefore makes a comparison with something close, whereas tambë (q.v.) refers to something remote. Sívë...tambë "as...so" (VT43:17). Elided sív' in VT43:12, since the next word begins in the vowel e-.

véna

for us

véna pron. "for us", (long) dative form of ve # 2, q.v.

-lmë

we

-lmë 1st person pl. pronominal ending: "we" (VT49:38; 51 carilmë *"we do", VT49:16). It was originally intended to be inclusive "we" (VT49:48), including the person(s) spoken to, but by 1965 Tolkien made this the ending for exclusive "we" instead (cf. the changed definition of the corresponding possessive ending -lma, see above). _(VT49:38) Exemplified in laituvalmet "we shall bless them" (lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them") (the meaning apparently changed from inclusive to exclusive "we", VT49:55), see also nalmë under # 1. (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308_)

-lwë

we

-lwë, later -lvë, pronominal ending "we" (VT49:51), 1st person pl. inclusive ending, occurring in the verbs carilwë "we do" (VT49:16) and navilwë (see #nav-). The ending became -lvë in later, Exilic Quenya (VT49:51). See -lv-.

-mmë

we

-mmë "we", 1st person dual exclusive pronominal ending: "I and one other" (compare the inclusive dual form -ngwë or -nquë). First written -immë in one source (VT49:57). Carimmë, "the two of us do" (VT49:16, cf. VT43:6). At an earlier conceptual stage, the ending was already exclusive, but plural rather than dual: vammë "we won't" (WJ:371), firuvammë "we will die" (VT43:34), etemmë ?"out of us" (VT43:36); see also VT49:48, 49, 55. Also compare the corresponding emphatic pronoun emmë (q.v.). The ending -lmë replaced -mmë in its former (plural exclusive) sense. In some early material, -mmë was apparently used as an ending for plural inclusive "we" (VT49:55).

-ngwë

we

-ngwë "we", 1st person dual inclusive pronominal ending: "thou and I" (compare the exclusive dual form -mmë). Caringwë, "the two of us do" (VT49:16). One source lists the ending as "-inke > -inque" instead (VT49:51, 53, 57; "inke" was apparently Old Quenya). In an earlier pronoun table reproduced in VT49:48, the ending -ngwë is listed as an alternative to -lmë, which Tolkien at the time used as the plural inclusive ending (a later revision made it plural exclusive).

emmë

we

emmë (2) pron. "we", emphatic pronoun; dative emmen (VT43:12, 20). In the source this pronoun is intended as the 1st person plural exclusive; later Tolkien changed the corresponding pronominal ending from -mmë to -lmë, and the plural emphatic pronoun would likewise change from emmë to *elmë. Since the ending -mmë was redefined as a dualexclusive pronoun, the form emmë may still be valid as such, as a dual emphatic pronoun "we" = "(s)he and I".

me

we, us

me (1) 1st person pl. exclusive pronoun "we, us" (VT49:51; VT43:23, VT44:9). This pronoun preserves the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed (VT49:51). Cf. also mel-lumna "us-is-heavy", sc. *"is heavy for us" (LR:47, mel- is evidently an assimilated form of men "for us", dative of me; the form men is attested by itself, VT43:21). For me as object, cf. ála** "do not [do something to] us", negative imperative particle with object pronoun suffixed (VT43:19: álamë tulya, "do not lead us"), ámen** "do [something for] us", imperative particle with dative pronoun suffixed (ámen apsenë "forgive us", VT43:12, 18). Dual exclusive met "we/us (two)" (Nam, VT49:51), "you and me" (VT47:11; the latter translation would make met an inclusive pronoun, though it is elsewhere suggested that it is rather exclusive: "him/her and me", corresponding to wet [q.v.] as the true inclusive dual form). Rá men or rámen "for us/on our behalf", see . Locative messë "on us", VT44:12 (also with prefix o, ó- ?"with" in the same source). See also ménë, ómë.

vi

we

vi pron. "we", 1st person inclusive (PE17:130), variant of ve #2.

vi

pronoun. us (inclusive)

we

we

we, , see ve #2

ye

as

[ye (3), also , prep. "as" (VT43:16, struck out; in the text in question Tolkien finally settled on sívë, q.v.)]

v'emattë

v'emattë

v'emattë ??? May be the preposition ve + an otherwise unknown word emattë. (Narqelion)

-ië

suffix. abstract noun, adverb

Derivations

  • -(i)yē “abstract noun, adverb” ✧ PE17/058

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
-(i)ı̯ē > -ië[-ijē] > [-ie]✧ PE17/058

Variations

  • -ië ✧ LotR/1110 (-ië); PE17/058
  • -ie ✧ PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/059
Quenya [LotR/1110; PE17/058; PE17/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lë

suffix. abstract noun, adverb

Changes

  • -leve ✧ PE17/074

Derivations

  • -(a)lē “abstract noun, adverb” ✧ PE17/058; VT39/16
  • LEÑ “*way, method, manner” ✧ PE17/074

Element in

  • ᴺQ. aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
  • Q. cendelë “face, face, *visage”
  • Q. findelë “tress, lock [of hair]”
  • Q. findilë “head of hair”
  • Q. fintalë “trick”
  • Q. hantalë “thanksgiving”
  • Q. laitalë “praise”
  • Q. lambelë “phonetics” ✧ VT39/16
  • Q. lindalë “music”
  • Q. lumbulë “dark shadow, heavy shadow; deep in shadow”
  • Q. maitalë “the act of doing [artistic] work”
  • Q. máralë “goodness” ✧ PE17/058
  • Q. nurtalë “hiding”
  • Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
  • Q. ontalë “descent, descent, *derivation, ancestry”
  • Q. quellë “late autumn and early winter, (lit.) fading”
  • Q. quentalë “history, narration, history, narration, [ᴹQ.] account” ✧ VT39/16
  • Q. sillë “like this” ✧ PE17/074
  • Q. tallë “like that” ✧ PE17/074
  • Q. tengwelë “language (general term), language (general term); [ᴱQ.] sense” ✧ VT39/16
  • Q. tumbalë “depth, deep valley”
  • Q. vendelë “maidenhood”
  • Q. yallë “as, in the same way as, like” ✧ PE17/074

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
-lē > -le[-lē] > [-le]✧ PE17/058
LEŊ > -le[-leŋ] > [-leɣ] > [-le]✧ PE17/074
-lē > -lë[-lē] > [-le]✧ VT39/16

Variations

  • -le ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
Quenya [PE17/058; PE17/074; VT39/16] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-më

suffix. abstract noun

Derivations

  • -(u)mē “denoting a (single) action”

Element in

  • Q. carmë “art; making, production; structure”
  • Q. indómë “settled character; will of Eru”
  • Q. Nénimë “February, *Wet-ness”
  • Q. normë “race, running, race (running)” ✧ PE17/169
  • ᴺQ. nyarmë “storytelling (general/abstract)”
  • Q. Súlimë “March, *Windy-one”
  • ᴺQ. tirmë “steadfast regard, stare, *gaze”

Variations

  • -me ✧ PE17/169 (-me)

-rë

suffix. abstract noun

Derivations

Element in

  • Q. fanyarë “the skies (not heaven or firmament), the upper airs and clouds” ✧ MC/223
  • Q. mittar(ë) “*entering”
  • ᴺQ. nónarë “generation”
  • Q. Ringarë “December, *Coldness”
  • Q. insangarë “*temptation”
  • Q. vinyarë “youth, youth, *young adulthood”

Variations

  • -re ✧ MC/223 (-re)

ier

as

ier prep. "as" (VT43:16, probably rejected in favour of sívë, q.v.). In an abandoned version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used ier...ter for "as...so" (VT43:17).

with

(2) prep. "with" (PE17:95)

preposition. with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)

Cognates

  • S. di “with” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • “with” ✧ PE17/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> > [dē] > [lē]✧ PE17/095

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/095 ()

-ssë

suffix. abstract noun

Cognates

  • S. -as “abstract noun”

Derivations

Element in

  • Q. alanessë “nicotiana, pipeweed, nicotiana, pipeweed, *tobacco”
  • Q. aranus(së) “kingship”
  • Q. carpassë “mouth-system; full organized language, including system, vocabulary, metre, etc.”
  • Q. celussë “freshnet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring”
  • Q. entulessë “return”
  • ᴺQ. failassë “justice, fair-mindedness”
  • Q. findessë “head of hair, person’s hair as a whole”
  • Q. incánussë “mind mastership”
  • ᴺQ. letinwessë “constellation”
  • Q. Lótessë “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness”
  • Q. nassë “nature, true-being, *essence; person, individual” ✧ VT49/30
  • ᴺQ. omolmessë “corporation”
  • ᴺQ. restassë “countryside, the country”
  • Q. táris(së) “queenship”
  • Q. tengwassë “alphabet”

Variations

  • -sse ✧ VT49/30 (-sse)

atarmë

for us

atarmë dative (?) pron. "for us" (VT44:18; Tolkien apparently considered dropping this curious form, which in another text was replaced by rá men, rámen; see #1)

as

with

as prep. "with" (together with), also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with thee" (VT47:31, VT43:29). The conjunction ar "and" may also appear in assimilated form as before s; see ar #1.

as

with

o (2) prep. "with" (MC:216; this is "Qenya"; WJ:367 states that no independent preposition o was used in Quenya. Writers may rather use as.) See ó- below.

as

preposition. with

Derivations

  • AS “beside”

Element in

car-

with

#car- (2) prep. "with" (carelyë "with thee"), prepositional element (evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien) (VT43:29)

ngwin

for us

ngwin dative pronoun ?"for us" _(VT21:6-7, 10, VT44:36). _Apparently belonging to the 1st person pl. It would be pronounced *nwin* at the end of the Third Age, but since Tolkien in another source implies that the 1st pl. exclusive base ñwe had the "independent" stem we- in Quenya (VT48:10), we must assume that the dative pronoun should rather be wen**, or in Exilic Quenya *ven. The form ngwin may reflect another conceptual phase when Tolkien meant the nasal element of ñwe to be preserved in Quenya as well. The vowel i rather than e is difficult to account for if the base is to be (ñ)we. In VT49:55, Carl F. Hosttetter suggests that ngwen rather than ngwin may actually be the correct reading of Tolkiens manuscript.

ya

as

ya (2) or yan, prep. "as" (VT43:16, probably abandoned in favour of sívë)

ó

with, accompanying

Quenya [PE 22:162] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ó

preposition. with

Changes

  • ó ✧ PE22/162

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/162 ()
  • ó- ✧ VT43/29
Quenya [PE22/162; VT43/29; VT43/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by