alcar

alkar

alcar (so spelt in CO, VT43:37-38, and VT44:32/34; otherwise "alkar")noun "glory, radiance, brilliance, splendour" (WJ:369, CO, VT43:37-38, VT47:13, AKLA-R; the latter source also lists an alternative longer form alcarë, also occurring in VT44:7/10) Compare Alcarin, Atanalcar.

alcar

noun. glory, splendour, radiance, brilliance

Cognates

• S. aglar “glory, brilliance, splendour, radiance” ✧ PE17/024; PE17/105; PE17/124; PE18/087; RGEO/65; SA/aglar
• T. aclar “glory, splendour” ✧ VT47/13

Derivations

• ✶aklar(a) “radiance, brilliance, glory” ✧ PE17/024; PE17/105; PE17/124; PE18/085; PE18/087; VT47/13
  • √KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ PE17/024
  • √KALAR “*be radiant, [ᴹ√] be radiant” ✧ PE17/105; PE17/124; PE18/085; PE18/085; PE18/087; VT47/13
  • √KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ PE18/087
• √KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ SA/aglar

Element in

• Q. alcar i Ataren ar i Yondon ar i Airefëan “glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit” ✧ VT43/37
• Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant” ✧ RGEO/65
• Q. Alcarinquë “Glorious” ✧ SA/aglar
• Q. alcarin Vendë ar manaquenta “O glorious and blessed Virgin” ✧ VT44/10 (á Véne’ alcare ar manquenta)
• Q. alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun “glory [be] to God in the highest” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34; VT44/34
• Q. Alcarondas “Castle of the Sea”
• Q. alcar Oromëo “the splendour of Oromë” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. alcar Oroméva “the splendour of Oromë” ✧ WJ/369
• ᴺQ. alcarvalda “honourable”
• ᴺQ. alcarya- “to glorify”
• Q. Atanalcar “*Man Glory”
• ᴺQ. Foralcar “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
• ᴺQ. Hyaralcar “aurora, (lit.) southern radiance”
• Q. Minalcar “?First Glory”
• ᴺQ. quettalcar “renown, (lit.) word-glory”
• Q. vanda sina termaruva Elenna·nóreo alcar enyalien “This oath shall stand in memory of the glory of the Land of the Star” ✧ UT/305

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶aklar > alkar	[aklar] > [alkar]	✧ PE17/024
✶aklar- > alkar	[aklar] > [alkar]	✧ PE17/105
✶ak(a)la-r > alkar	[akalar] > [aklar] > [alkar]	✧ PE17/124
✶aklar- > alkar	[aklar] > [alkar]	✧ PE18/085
✶áklara > alkar	[aklara] > [aklar] > [alkar]	✧ PE18/087
√kal- > alkar	[aklar] > [alkar]	✧ SA/aglar
✶aklara > alkar	[aklara] > [aklar] > [alkar]	✧ VT47/13

Variations

• alkar ✧ PE17/024; PE17/105; PE17/124; PE18/085 (alkar); PE18/087; SA/aglar; VT44/34; VT47/13; WJ/369; WJ/369
• Alcar ✧ VT43/37
• alcare ✧ VT44/10 (alcare)

alcarin

glorious, brilliant

alcarin adj. "glorious, brilliant" (shorter form of alcarinqua, q.v.) (PE17:24), hence Alcarin masc. name (or title) "the Glorious", title taken by Atanatar II of Gondor, also name of one of the Kings of Númenor (Appendix A).

alcarin

proper name. Glorious

Tar-Alcarin was the 17th ruler of Númenor (LotR/1035, UT/222). His name is simply the shortened form of alcarin(qua) “glorious”. Alcarin “Glorious” was also a sobriquet for Atanatar II, the 16th king of Gondor (LotR/1038, 1045).

Elements

Word	Gloss
alcarin(qua)	“glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”

Variations

• Alkarin ✧ PMI/Alkarin

alcarinquë

proper name. Glorious

A star (S/45) or possibly the planet Jupiter (MR/435). Its name is simply the noun form of the adjective alcarin(qua) “glorious”.

Cognates

• S. aglareb “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, *radiant” ✧ SA/aglar

Elements

Word	Gloss
alcarin(qua)	“glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant”

Variations

• Alkarinque ✧ MR/435
• Alkarinquë ✧ MRI/Alkarinquë; SA/aglar

alcarin(qua)

adjective. glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant

Changes

• alcarinqua → alcare ✧ VT44/10
• alcare → alcarin ✧ VT44/10

Cognates

• S. aglareb “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, *radiant” ✧ PE17/024; WJ/412

Derivations

• ✶aklari(n)kwā “full of glory” ✧ PE17/024

Element in

• Q. Alcarin “Glorious”
• Q. Alcarinquë “Glorious”
• Q. alcarin Vendë ar manaquenta “O glorious and blessed Virgin” ✧ VT44/10; VT44/10 ({Ven... >> Wen... >> We... >>} á Véne alcarinqua ar manque...)

Elements

Word	Gloss
alcar	“glory, splendour, radiance, brilliance”
-inqua	“-ful, complete”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶aklarinquā > alcarinqua	[aklariŋkwā] > [alkariŋkwā] > [alkariŋkwa]	✧ PE17/024

Variations

• alcarin ✧ PE17/024; RGEO/65; VT44/10
• alcarinqua ✧ PE17/024; VT44/10 (alcarinqua)
• alcare ✧ VT44/10 (alcare)
• alkarinqua ✧ WJ/412

-inqua

glorious

-inqua adjectival ending, seen in alcarinqua "glorious" (WJ:412) from alcar "glory". Etymologically, -inqua means "-full", like "glory-full" in this case. A variant *-unqua is implied in WJ:415 (only referred to in archaic form -unkwā). "The forms using u were mainly applied to things heavy, clumsy, ugly or bad", whereas -inqua (in the same source derived from -inkwā) is neutral.