Primitive elvish

we

root. dual

A primitive “dual” element mentioned in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, contributing to the forms of primitive ✶enekwe “six” and ✶yun(e)kwe “twelve” in the Quenya branch of Elvish, as well as the ancient 1st person inclusive pronoun ✶ñwe (VT48/10). It was probably related to the ancient dual suffix ✶ (Let/427). It was also likely a later iteration the dual root ᴱ√WI from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s which was likewise connected to dual U (QL/33). This early root was mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as ᴱ✶u̯i (GL/45).

Variations

  • we ✧ VT48/10
Primitive elvish [VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

we

pronoun. we, us (inclusive)

Derivations

  • ñwe “1 pl. inclusive base” ✧ VT48/10; VT48/10
    • me “1st-pl-exclusive pronoun” ✧ VT48/10

Derivatives

  • wwe ✧ VT49/50
  • Q. -lvë “we (inclusive)” ✧ VT49/50
  • Q. ve “us (inclusive)” ✧ PE17/130; PE17/130; VT49/50
  • ᴺS. gwe “we (inclusive)”

Element in

  • ᴺS. pe “we (inclusive)”

Variations

  • wē̆ ✧ PE17/130
  • wi ✧ PE17/130
  • -we ✧ VT48/10
Primitive elvish [PE17/130; VT48/10; VT49/50; VT49/52] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wē

suffix. person; male suffix

Derivations

  • WĒ/EWE “person, being, individual” ✧ PM/340

Derivatives

  • Q. -wë “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)” ✧ PM/340

Variations

  • -we ✧ MR/388
  • ✧ PM/340
Primitive elvish [MR/388; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nēnā

adjective. wet

Derivations

  • NEN “water, water, [ᴱ√] flow” ✧ PE17/052; PE17/167

Derivatives

  • Q. nenda “wet” ✧ PE17/052; PE17/167
  • S. nîn “wet, *watery” ✧ PE17/052

Variations

  • nēna ✧ PE17/167
Primitive elvish [PE17/052; PE17/167] Group: Eldamo. Published by

preposition. as, like

Tolkien used the word Q. ve for “as, like” in Quenya for much of his life, but its etymological origins varied. In the the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had two distinct roots for “similarity”: unglossed ᴱ√ with variant ᴱ√SENE⁽²⁾ and derivatives like ᴱQ. se “as, like, in manner of” and ᴱQ. (a)sesta- “to liken, compare” (QL/82), and also ᴱ√ “as” with variant ᴱ√VI‘I and derivatives like ᴱQ. ve “as, like”, ᴱQ. vealta- “to resemble”, and ᴱQ. vīkana- “compare” (QL/101). The semantic distinction between the two roots isn’t clear, and in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon there was a third set of forms beginning with fel- such as G. fel “as, like”, G. feleg “equal”, and G. feltha- “resemble, seem like” (GL/34).

In later notes Tolkien proposed a variety of primitive origins for Q. ve “as, like”: ✶ (we’e) in 1957 Quenya Notes (VT49/10; PE17/189), ✶ from notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (VT49/32 note #10), and ✶vai as a relative of suffixal -va in notes from 1968 (VT49/32 note #10). As there are not any definite Sindarin cognates for Q. ve in Tolkien’s published writings, it is hard to know which of these is more likely.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would go with primitive ✶ as the most widely excepted option, producing S. ✱be “as, like”.

Derivatives

  • Q. ve “as, like, similar, after the manner [of], as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; [ᴹQ.] with” ✧ VT49/10; VT49/32; VT49/32
  • ᴺQ. véta- “to compare, liken”
  • S. be “in; ?as, like, as, like; in”
  • ᴺS. bída- “to compare, liken”
  • ᴺS. bîl “likeness, similarity”

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/10
  • vai ✧ VT49/32
Primitive elvish [VT49/10; VT49/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wē/ewe

root. person, being, individual

A root mentioned in notes from the late 1950s having to do with “persons” serving as the basis for the suffix Q. -wë common in ancient Quenya names (PE17/189-90). In The Etymologies of the 1930s this suffix had two variants: masculine ᴹQ. -we derived from root ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour”, but also abstract ᴹQ. -we derived from unrelated ᴹ✶-wē (Ety/WEG). The suffix was masculine in some later notes as well, where Tolkien said “√WEG, WEƷ, √NES, NETH- referred to masculinity and femininity apart from sex and so could refer to the Valar and Maiar” (PE17/190), but this etymology was rejected and in its place Tolkien wrote: “√WE ? WEƷ ‘person’, individual (only used of Elves and Men), thus origin of -we in Quenya names as Manwe, Voronwe” (PE17/189). In Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 Tolkien wrote:

> -we in Quenya names (Manwe, etc.). This is in origin a separate word √WĒ (WE’E ?), from its form an ancient element of Eldarin vocabulary. Probably related to Q ve “as, like”; vëa “seeming, apparent”; vávea, ovéa “(con)similar, alike”. In Sindarin adoption of Quenya names (as Voronwe > Bronweg) -we was sometimes used to represent -we, which historically had become w or u (as in Elu = Elwe). But this S -we is of distinct origin, √WEG- “live, be active”. Hence ✱wego(n) “living creature”: Q weo, vëo, S gwê (PE17/189).

In these Quenya Notes, √ as a name element was distinct from √WEG “active”, and neither were distinctly masculine. The initial version of this note glossed √WE as “a person or being” (PE17/190), but in revision Tolkien connected it to Q. ve “as, like” (PE17/189). The interpretation of the suffix -we as gender-neutral was mentioned again in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 where Tolkien said it was derived from √EWE “person” (PM/340). However, the only feminine name where this element appeared was Q. Elenwë the wife of Turgon (S/90, PM/345), and most of the names with this element were both masculine and ancient.

See the entry on √WEG for more on the evolution of earlier, largely masculine, forms.

Derivatives

  • -wē “person; male suffix” ✧ PM/340
    • Q. -wë “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)” ✧ PM/340
  • Q. véra “personal, private, own” ✧ PM/340
  • Q. -wë “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)” ✧ PE17/189; PE17/189
  • S. gwaith “people; region, people, [ᴱN.] men, folk; [N.] manhood; man-power, troop of able bodied men, host, regiment; [S.] region” ✧ PE17/190
  • S. -u “a person or being” ✧ PE17/190
  • S. -we “person, being, individual, person, being, individual; [N.] masculine suffix” ✧ PE17/189; PE17/190
  • T. evë “a person, somebody (unnamed)” ✧ PM/340

Element in

  • Q. eo “person, somebody (unnamed)” ✧ PM/340
  • S. Elu ✧ PE17/189

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/189 (); PE17/189
  • WEƷ ✧ PE17/189 (WEƷ)
  • WE ✧ PE17/190
  • EWE ✧ PM/340
Primitive elvish [PE17/189; PE17/190; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndē̆r

noun. man

Derivations

  • N(D)ER “male (person), man”

Derivatives

  • S. dîr “man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix”
Primitive elvish [PE19/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. person

Derivatives

  • Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”

Element in

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imi

root. in

năta

noun. thing

Derivations

  • “be (the same as another), exist”

Derivatives

  • Q. nat “thing” ✧ VT49/30
Primitive elvish [VT49/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by