topon. -.
Sindarin
beleg
masculine name. Beleg
Beleriand
Beleriand
ben
ben
bess
noun. wife, wife; [N.] woman
A word for “wife” appearing in the King’s Letter written towards the end of the 1940s (SD/129).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. bess “wife” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Beđ (GL/22). In Early Noldorin Word-lists, Tolkien changed ᴱN. {bess >>} gweth “wife” based on the modified root ᴱ√wed- (PE13/139, 146); it also had a negated form ᴱN. urweth “without wife” (PE13/156). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien restored N. bess, now a derivative of the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES). However in that document the sense “†wife” was archaic, and it has come to mean “woman” in modern speech, replacing archaic N. †dî “woman” (Ety/BES, NDIS, NĪ¹). In the scenario of The Etymologies, the normal word for “wife” was herves (Ety/BES, KHER). However, in the late-1940s King’s Letter, it seems the sense “wife” was restored to bess.
At some point in the mid-to-late 1960s, Tolkien changed the root for marriage words from ᴹ√BES to √BER (VT49/45), apparently motivated by a need to deal with some etymological problems with the name S. Elbereth. Indeed, in The Road Goes Ever On from 1967, Tolkien said S. bereth meant “spouse”, also “used of one who is queen as spouse of a king” (RGEO/66). This calls into question the continued validity of bess from ᴹ√BES.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to retain the root ᴹ√BES for marriage word; see that entry for further details. I’d therefore keep bess, but I recommend using it only in the sense “wife”. For “woman” I’d use dî, much as I recommend using S. dîr for “man” over N. benn, which had similar conceptual developments.
beren
masculine name. Bold
Hero of Beleriand and love of Lúthien who wrested a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth (S/162). His name is simply [N.] beren “bold” used as a name.
Conceptual Development: The name G. Beren dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, though in the earliest stories he was a Noldorin Elf instead of a Man (LT2/11). The name N. Beren appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√BER alongside N. beren “bold” (Ety/BER), which is the source of the derivation given above.
belaith
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.
Belchur
theology. Melkor
theon. Q. Melkor, Melkóre. >> Belegûr
Belegûr
theology. Melkor
theon. Q. Melkor, Melkóre. >> Belchur
bereth
noun. spouse
_n. _spouse, used of one who is queen as spouse of a king. Tolkien notes the parallel with the word queen "being in origin only an ancient word for wife or woman already in Old English reserved for the King's wife".
Beleriand
noun. the land of Balar
Balar (the name of the island, from PQ *balāre) + iand (-and commonly used suffix in the names of regions and countries)
bein
wenya
Q. wenya. >> bain. This gloss was rejected.
belaith
adjective. mighty
adj. mighty. Q. melehta.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great. Q. melek-.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.
beleg
adjective. great, mighty
belegaer
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
ben
preposition. according to the, in the
bereth
noun. queen, spouse
besain
noun. bread-giver
See bass for a discussion regarding this word
besoneth
noun. bread-giver
See bass for a discussion regarding this word
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
bessain
noun. bread-giver
See bass for a discussion regarding this word
beth
noun. word
_n. _word.
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
be
like
(as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
Beleriand
Beleriand
Beleriand translates to "The Country of Balar" with the ending -ian(d) for places and countries. The OS form could have been *Balariande (a slid to e because of the following i). The element Beler/Balar is believed to refer to the Maia Ossë, who often dwelt at the shores of the island. In the The Book of Lost Tales Part One, there is also the Quenya name "Valariandë".
beleg
Beleg
beinas
noun. beauty
no
verb. be!
Beleriand
The Country of Balar
Beleriand translates to "The Country of Balar" with the ending -ian(d) for places and countries. The OS form could have been *Balariande (a slid to e because of the following i).
In the The Book of Lost Tales Part One, there is also the Quenya name "Valariandë".
beleg
mighty
1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
beleg
mighty
(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig
beleg
great
beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
beleg
great
(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
bell
strong
1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)
bell
strong
lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.
bellas
bodily strength
(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.
bellas
bodily strength
(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.
benn
husband
(i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). Later used = "man" in general.
bennas
angle
1) bennas (i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath, 2) nass (sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais
bennas
angle
(i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath
beren
bold
1) beren (lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren. 2) cand (lenited gand, pl. caind)
beren
bold
(lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren.
bereth
queen
(i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith)
bereth
spouse
(fem.) bereth (i vereth) (queen), pl. berith (i mberith)
bereth
spouse
(i vereth) (queen), pl. berith (i mberith)
beria
protect
beria- (i veria, i meriar)
bertha
dare
bertha- (i vertha, i merthar)
bess
wife
(i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
belon
noun. sail
bened
noun. chin
beria
protect
(i veria, i meriar)
bertha
dare
(i vertha, i merthar)
best
wiF1 noun. marriage, matrimony, wedding
ego
interjection. be off!
na-
verb. to be
narn
noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung
neldor
noun. beech
A Sindarin word for “beech” appearing in the names Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” (LotR/469; RC/384) and Neldoreth, the name of a forest with beeches (S/55; PE17/81).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Ilk. neldor was an Ilkorin word based on ᴹ√NÉL-ED “three”, which Tolkien said was “properly name of Hirilorn the great beech of Thingol with three trunks = neld-orn ? [question mark from Tolkien]” (Ety/NEL). In the 1910s and 20s, ᴱQ. neldor “beech” was an Early Qenya word (PE16/139; QL/65), and its cognates in this period were G. deldron “beech” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), G. deil(i)an or delwen “beech” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {de(i)lian >>} deilian “beech-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/142).
Possible Etymology: The Ilkorin derivation from √NELED is no longer suitable in Sindarin, since we would expect [[s|[d] > [ð]]] as in S. neledh “three”. It is possible Tolkien simply never reexamined the etymology of this word after it became Sindarin. Alternately, it could be nel- “tri-” + taur “forest” or -dor “-lord” or something similar.
fang
noun. beard, beard, [G.] long beard
The Sindarin word for “beard”, best known as an element in the name S. Fangorn “Treebeard, (lit.) beard of tree” (LotR/1131, PE17/84). The word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as G. fang “a long beard” (GL/34), though in that document it had a rejected variant bang “beard” (GL/21). ᴱN. fang “beard” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/143), and N. fang “beard” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SPANAG (Ety/SPÁNAG). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind.
graw
noun. bear
A Sindarin word for “bear” in notes from the late 1960s, derived from primitive ✶grā (VT47/12).
Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate Q. roa had the revised meaning {“bear” >>} “dog”, so for purposes of Neo-Sindarin it is probably best to stick with [N.] brôg and ᴺS. medli [N. megli] as words for “bear”.
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
falas
beach
1b n. beach, strand. >> Anfalas
elo
interjection. behold!
im
preposition. between
athan
preposition. beyond
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
brethil
noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch
cyll
noun. bearer
di-
prefix. beneath, under
The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di
falas
noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf
graw
noun. bear
medli
noun. bear
dadbenn
sloping down
(downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn.
dadbenn
downhill, sloping down
(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;
ambenn
sloping upward
(uphill), pl. embinn
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
lest
noun. girdle, girdle, *belt
An element in the name Lest Melian “Girdle of Melian” for the magical barrier around Doriath (WJ/228).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would also use this word for “✱belt”.
alae
interjection. (?) behold!
Uncertain meaning, but compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)
ar
conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides
dring
noun. hammer, hammer, *beater
echil
noun. human being
elanor
noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers
falas
noun. the western coast of Beleriand
lae
noun. great number
lavan
noun. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds)
medlin
adjective. honey-eater, bear-like
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
onna-
verb. to beget
raeg
adjective. crooked, bent, wrong
thar-
prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond
na
be
: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.
na
be
. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.
heria
be compelled to do something
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
cuina
be alive
(i guina, i chuinar)
gaear
noun. sea
A word for “sea” variously attested as gaear (PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400), gaer (PE17/27; PE17/149), and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) in later writings. Of these, I prefer gaear for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reduced to gaer in compounds.
Possible Etymology: The presence or absence of the initial g- depends on whether the word’s root is √AY(AR) (as it appears in The Etymologies and some later writings) or √GAY(AR) (as it appears in other later writings). See the entry of the root √GAY(AR) for a discussion of this vacillation. Similarly, the form gaer appears primarily as an element in compounds, and can be explained as a reduced form of gaear in that context. For these reasons, this entry uses gaear as the ordinary Sindarin word for “sea”. This has the additional advantage of disambiguating it from the adjective gaer “dreadful”.
Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. oer or oear “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, reflecting the Noldorin sound change of ai to oe (Ety/AY). However name for the “Great Sea” was N. {Belegar >>} Belegaer in the narratives of this period (LR/19), and the name N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” appeared in draft Lord of the Rings maps from 1943 (TI/307). The element N. oer did appear in the day-of-the-week name N. Aroeren “✱Sea-day” in drafts of The Lord of the Rings appendices, but this was revised to S. Oraeron (PM/130, 138).
ah
preposition/conjunction. and, with
The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
emel
noun. mother
A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).
Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.
Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.
fân
shape
_n._shape, with the added notion of light and whiteness. It was thus often used where we might use 'a vision' (of something beautiful and sublime). Q. fana-. Tolkien notes that "Yet being elvish, though it may be used of things remote, it has no implication either of uncertainty or unreality" (PE17:26). In the name Fanuilos of Elbereth, the Fân was the vision of majesty of Elbereth upon the mountain where she dwelt.
glad
noun. wood
A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
sûl
noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gust
A noun for “wind” appearing in names like Amon Sûl, derived from the root √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” (NM/237; PE17/124).
Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word is G. saul “great wind” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Súlimo; QL/86).
Neo-Sindarin: Given its connection to the sound of wind, I think sûl would be used mostly for strong or noisy wind, including (but not limited to) gusts of wind, as opposed to more ordinary (and less noisy) gwae “wind”. This notion is supported by its Gnomish precursor G. saul “great wind”.
falas
beach
1) falas (pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15) 2) faur (shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
falas
beach
(pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
medlin
bearish, of bears
(adjective derived from medli ”bear”), lenited vedlin, no distinct pl. form. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” meglin.
neldor
beech tree
(pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).
banath
noun. beauty
colron
noun. bearer
dod
noun. berry
nîw
noun. bee
adel
behind
(adv. and prep) adel; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.
adel
behind
; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.
athar
beyond
1) *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)
athar
beyond
(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
blab
beat
1) blab- (i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp, 2) dringa- (i dhringa, in dringar).
blab
beat
(i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp
brôg
bear
(i vrôg, construct brog), pl. brŷg (i mrŷg)
bâd
beaten track
(pathway) (i vâd, construct bad), pl. baid (i maid)
caeleb
bedridden
caeleb (sick), lenited gaeleb, pl. caelib
caeleb
bedridden
(sick), lenited gaeleb, pl. caelib
cyll
bearer
cyll (i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)
cyll
bearer
(i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)
cûn
bent
cûn (bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin
cûn
bent
(bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin
dringa
beat
(i dhringa, in dringar).
dî
beneath
dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
beneath
unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
eden
begun again
(new), pl. edin
edhelharn
beryl
edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (literally "Elf-stone") (SD:128-31)
edhelharn
beryl
(pl. edhelhern) (literally "Elf-stone") (SD:128-31)
fang
beard
fang (pl. feng)
fang
beard
(pl. feng)
faur
beach
(shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fêr
beech
†fêr (stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
fêr
beech
(stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
graw
bear
(noun) 1) graw (i **raw), pl. groe (in groe), coll. pl. ?grawath or ?groath (VT47:12). 2) brôg (i vrôg, construct brog), pl. brŷg (i mrŷg**), 3) *medli (i vedli), no distinct pl. form except with article (i medli). The word literally means ”honey-eater”. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” megli.
graw
bear
(i ’raw), pl. groe (in groe), coll. pl. ?grawath or ?groath (VT47:12).
haust
bed
(etymologically ”resting”) haust (i chaust, o chaust), pl. hoest (i choest), coll. pl. hostath.
haust
bed
(i chaust, o chaust), pl. hoest (i choest), coll. pl. hostath.
medli
bear
(i vedli), no distinct pl. form except with article (i medli). The word literally means ”honey-eater”. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” megli.
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
nell
bell
nell (construct nel; pl. nill);
nell
bell
(construct nel; pl. nill);
onna
beget
onna- (i onna, in onnar), also prefixed edonna- (i edonna, in edonnar), passive participle ?edonnen.
onna
beget
(i onna, in onnar), also prefixed edonna- (i edonna, in edonnar), passive participle ?edonnen.
thar
beyond
(across, athwart, over)
nella
sound bells
(i nella, in nellar) (but according to VT46:7, this may be a misreading of Tolkien’s manuscript),
cael
lying in bed
(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).
cael
lying in bed
(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).
cael
lying in bed
(sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).
cael
lying in bed
(sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).
gwanod
number
(noun) gwanod (i **wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**),
gwanod
number
(i ’wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd)
nedia
number
(verb) *nedia- (reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).
nedia
number
(reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid)
nelladel
ringing of bells
(pl. nelledil):
noth
noun. number
rim
great number
(crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
gwae
noun. wind
The normal Sindarin word for “wind”, usually appearing as gwae but sometimes as gwaew, most frequently derived from √WAY “blow” but also a bewildering variety of other roots (NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189); see the entry for √WĀ for further discussion.
Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this word was G. gwâ “wind” from both Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GG/14; GL/43). The form ᴱN. gwá “wind” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (MC/217), but in the Nebrachar poem from circa 1930 the form was gwaew “wind” (MC/217). It was N. gwaew “wind” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ), and appeared a number of times in later writings as both gwae and (more rarely) gwaew, as noted above.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer using only gwae for “wind”, reserving gwaew for “storm”.
meril
feminine name. Rose
A Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s daughter “Rose”, presumably of the same meaning, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129). The etymology of the name is unclear.
Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of the epilogue the name appeared as N. Beril (SD/117).
lavan
noun. animal
A word for an “animal” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where Tolkien said it “usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds” (WJ/416). It was derived from the root √LAM in the sense “inarticulate voiced sound”.
Conceptual Development: ᴱN. lafn was mentioned as a cognate to ᴱQ. lama “animal” in the Early Qenya Phonology from the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶labna (PE14/70).
bass
noun. bread
In the Etymologies, the word for "bread" is given as bast , Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth "bread-giver", and in the mutated form (i)mbas (apparently prefixed with the article). These latter Sindarin forms are however dubious, as we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection), and possibly a different mutation pattern after the article
a
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
a
and
ad
conjunction. and
ada
conjunction. and
aear
Sea
aearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear
ar
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
bain
wenya
Q. wenya. >> bein. This gloss was rejected.
bas(t)
noun. bread
This was the word for “bread” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors for much of Tolkien’s life, derived from the equally long-lived root √MBAS “bake”. The word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where G. bast “bread” was derived from the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (GL/22). ᴱN. bast “bread” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/138) and appeared again as N. bast “bread” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MBAS “knead” (Ety/MBAS).
It appeared without a final t in the Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s: anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” (VT44/21). However the t was restored in the phrase penim vast “we have no bread” from around 1959 (PE17/144). The late vacillations on the presence and absence of t are likely connected to Tolkien challenges with the derivation of lembas; see that entry for discussion. Likewise, the mutated forms mbas vs. vast indicate some late uncertainty on whether the primitive form began with mb- or b-.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the normal form was bast “bread” from ancient mbasta, so that lenited forms show mb-.
dail
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya.
dail
adjective. lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil
deil
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya. >> dail
deil
lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail
loth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
mell
adjective. dear
_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.
mereth
noun. feast, festival
The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)
meril
noun. rose
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
pen-
without
peth
word
(beth) _ n. word. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Q. quetta. >> beth
Ídh
and
{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a
Ídh
and
a
and
a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
a
and
or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
abonnen
afterborn
pl. Ebennin (archaic "Eboennin" = Ebönnin, WJ:387), Elvish name of Men as the "Secondborn" of Eru. – If ab can be used as an independent preposition, it is probably followed by soft mutation.****
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
aear
sea
aear (ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i **aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i **aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
sea
(ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i ’aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i ’aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
bass
bread
bass (i mass, o mbass, construct bas), pl. bais (i mbais). The sg. form with article "imbas" in VT44:23 may be seen as archaic Sindarin, for later *i mas(s) as suggested here. In ”Noldorin”, the word for "bread" was bast (LR:372 s.v. MBAS), but otherwise it would have the same mutations.
bass
bread
(i mass, o mbass, construct bas), pl. bais (i mbais). The sg. form with article "imbas" in VT44:23 may be seen as archaic Sindarin, for later ✱i mas(s) as suggested here. – In ”Noldorin”, the word for "bread" was bast (LR:372 s.v. MBAS), but otherwise it would have the same mutations.
bâl
divine power
construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
daedhelos
great fear
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
gwain
new
1) #gwain (gwin-), lenited wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya. 2) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh), 3) eden (begun again), pl. edin; 4) sain (sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn;
gwain
new
(gwin-), lenited ’wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya.
heria
have an impulse
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
hol
close
#hol- (i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.
hol
close
(i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.****
iphant
full of years
(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
lotheg
single flower
lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).
maer
good
_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
maer
good
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
narn
tale
1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).
narn
tale
(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
pathra
fill
pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
pathra
fill
(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
pen
without
1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)
pen
without
(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.
pen
less
S pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
pen
less
(lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
ríen
queen
(crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.
rîs
queen
1) rîs, no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath; 2) rían (”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain); 3) bereth (i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith), 4) ríen (crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
silef
shining white
is listed in LR:385 s.v. SIL as the cognate of Quenya silma of this meaning, but silef is there asterisked, apparently to indicate that it only appears as part of the word Silevril ”Silmaril”. The word silef may also be used = Quenya silima (noun), the crystal substance of the Silmarils.
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
like
(prep. ”as, like”) 1) sui (VT44:23), 2) #be (as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
îdh
rest
_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),
alf
noun. flower
laew
adjective. fresh
mael
adjective. well
athar
across
(preposition) *athar (beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)
athar
across
(beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. – Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)
bachor
pedlar
bachor (i machor, o mbachor), analogical pl. bechyr (i mbechyr)
bachor
pedlar
(i machor, o mbachor), analogical pl. bechyr (i mbechyr)
badhron
judge
badhron (i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)
badhron
judge
(i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)
bain
fair
bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
fair
(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
balch
cruel
1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
balch
cruel
(lenited malch; pl. belch)
bara
fiery
1) bara (eager), lenited vara, pl. berai, 2) nórui (sunny). No distinct pl. form.
bara
fiery
(eager), lenited vara, pl. berai
bara
eager
bara (fiery), lenited vara, pl. berai
bara
eager
(fiery), lenited vara, pl. berai
barad
tower
1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
barad
tower
(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
barad
doomed
barad (lenited marad), pl. beraid. Note: barad is also a noun "fortress, fort, tower", but this is derived from a stem in b- and would have different mutations. 1) fend (threshold), construct fen, pl. find, coll. pl. fennath, 2) fennas (gateway), pl. fennais, coll. pl. fennassath, 3) annon (great gate), pl. ennyn
barad
doomed
(lenited marad), pl. beraid. Note: barad is also a noun "fortress, fort, tower", but this is derived from a stem in b- and would have different mutations.
basgorn
round bread
(loaf) (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn).
basgorn
loaf
basgorn (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn). Literally "round bread".
basgorn
loaf
(i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn). Literally "round bread".
blab
flap
blab- (i vlâb, i mlebir) (beat), pa.t. blamp
byr
follower
). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
bŷr
follower
*bŷr (vassal; construct byr). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor. FOLLOWER (used as a term for Mortal Man, the "follower" of the Elves): Aphadon (pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath
cael
sickness
(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)
corn
round
corn (circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".
corn
round
(circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".
cû
bow
1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),
dî
under
unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
eden
new
(begun again), pl. edin
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fêr
mast
(of a beech, not on a ship) †fêr (feren-, pl. ferin) (beech)
fêr
mast
(feren-, pl. ferin) (beech)
gaul
aulë
(na ’Aul), often in longer form Belegol (na Velegol) ”Great Aulë”; also called Barthan (na Marthan, o Mbarthan)
gaw
void
(noun) 1) gaw (i **aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) (noun, "the Void" beyond the world) Gast (i **Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name), 3) iâ (chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
hervenn
husband
1) hervenn (i chervenn, o chervenn), pl. hervinn (i chervinn); 2) (archaic) benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). Later used = "man" in general.
herves
wife
1) herves (i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath, 2) archaic bess (i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
lhîw
sickness
1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):
mad
eat
mad- (i vâd, i medir). HONEY-EATER, see BEAR
meren
festive
(lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that meren became beren, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented. (If meren were to become beren, the related word mereth ”feast” would also become bereth.)
mereth
festival
(i vereth) (feast), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that mereth became bereth, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented.
mereth
feast
(i vereth) (festival), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that mereth became bereth, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented.
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nu
under
1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
penna
slant down
(i benna, i phennar)
peth
word
peth (i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
peth
word
(i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
thar
athwart
(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, over, beyond)
thar
athwart
(across, over, beyond)
vi
in
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
ab
preposition. after
echil
noun. follower
glaer
noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song
iaur
adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden
mellon
noun. friend
narn
noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga
peleth
noun. waning, waning, *fading
peth
noun. word
rhaw
adjective. wild, wild, [N.] untamed
aich
adverb. also
nî-
verb. was
athra-
prefix. across
pen
preposition. without, lacking, -less
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
a
and
conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
a
conjunction. and
conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar
ab-
prefix. after, later
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
adh
conjunction. and
adlann
adjective. sloping, tilted
aear
noun. sea
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aear
noun. sea
aearon
noun. great sea, ocean
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
aer
noun. sea
ah
conjunction. and
al-
well
pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.
aníra-
verb. to desire
aphadon
noun. follower
aphadon
noun. man (elvish name for men)
aphadon
noun. follower
aphadrim
noun. followers, men (elvish name for men)
arwen
noun. noble woman
auth
noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition
bain
fair
_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân
bain
good
_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.
balan
noun. Vala, divine power, divinity
barad
noun. tower, fortress
barad
tower
1b n. tower.
barad
tower
1c n. tower. Q. marto.
bardh
home
{ð}_ n. _home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in.
bardh
noun. home
A word for “home” appearing in draft notes from the 1960s discussing the root √MBAR, where it was contrasted with bâr “house, dwelling”:
> In Sindarin bar [< ✱mbăr-] (pl. bair) was used for a single house or dwelling, especially of the larger and more permanent sort; barð [< ✱mbardā̆] was much as English “home”, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in (PE17/164).
It was also contrasted with milbar “dear home” which was used for the “emotional senses ‘home’ as the place of one’s birth, or desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile” (PE17/164). In later versions of these notes on √MBAR, Tolkien mentioned bâr and milbar but not bardh (PE17/109).
Neo-Sindarin: Given its absense from the final version of the √MBAR notes, it is possible Tolkien abandoned bardh “home”. However, I prefer to retain it for purposes of Neo-Sindarin for the ordinary sense of “home”, and reserve milbar for one’s “emotional home” or “✱true home” from which one is currently separated, as opposed to the home that you are living now = bardh. I would use bâr primarily in the sense “house, dwelling”.
bassoneth
noun. bread-giver
See bass for a discussion regarding this word
bo
preposition. on
boda
verb. refuse, forbid
bân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain
bŷr
noun. follower, vassal
calad
gerund noun. light
calad
noun. light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad
calen
adjective. green
calen
green
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
cand
adjective. bold
cant
noun. shape, shape; [N.] outline
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cîr
adjective. renewed
cîw
adjective. fresh, new
cýr
adjective. renewed
daer
adjective. great
dring
noun. hammer
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
echil
noun. follower
edhellen
adjective. elvish, of the Elves
edhellen
adjective. Elvish
_ adj. _Elvish. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'. >> edhel
edra-
verb. to open
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
edro
verb. open!
elloth
noun. (single) flower
emel
noun. mother
emig
noun. "litte mother"
emig
noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
emmel
noun. mother
erin
preposition. on the
eryn
noun. wood
fael
adjective. fair minded, just, generous
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
gaear
noun. sea
gaear
Sea
gaearon
noun. great sea, ocean
gaearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
Sea
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaeron
noun. great sea, ocean
gaeron
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
galad
noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)
galad
light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon
glad
noun. wood
gloss
adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white
gortheb
adjective. horrible
gorthob
adjective. horrible
graug
noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon
gwae
wind
_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). Q. vea. >> gwaew
gwaew
wind
_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). >> gwae
gwain
adjective. fair
adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.
gwain
adjective. new
gwana
noun/adjective. fair
gwân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, pale.
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
iaun
adjective. large
adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion
iaur
adjective. ancient, old, original
iaur
adjective. older, former
laden
adjective. open, cleared
laeb
adjective. green
_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
laeb
adjective. fresh
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
laeg
adjective. "viridis", fresh and green
Seldom used (replaced by calen )
laew
adjective. fresh
_ adj. _fresh.
lembas
noun. journey bread made by the Elves
lest
noun. girdle
lhaew
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
lhîw
noun. sickness
lind
adjective. fair
los
snow
{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth
loss
noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)
loss
noun. snow
_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth
loth
noun. flower
_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.
lotheg
noun. (single) flower
ma
adjective. good
_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.
mae
adverb. well
mae
adverb. well
adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.
mae
well
_ adv. _well. >> mael
mael
adjective. well
_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae
maer
good
_ adj. _good.
maer
good
adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.
maer
adjective. excellent
maetha-
verb. to handle
v. to handle. Q. mahta-.
maetha-
verb. to handle
_ v. _to handle, treat, manage, etc. Q. mahta-. >> maeth
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mallos
noun. a golden flower
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
melui
adjective. lovely, sweet
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
mereth
noun. feast, feast, [N.] festival
meril
noun. rose (flower)
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
minas
noun. tower
minas
noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower
minui
ordinal. first
minui
ordinal. first
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
naith
angle
_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> neith
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
neith
angle
_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> naith
nimp
adjective. small and frail
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
ninglor
noun. golden water-flower, gladden
niphredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
nu
preposition. under
With suffixed article, see also nuin
nu
preposition. under
nuin
preposition. under the
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
pad
track
_ n. _track, road (only of 'roads' or tracks unpaved in open country).
panna-
verb. to fill
peth
noun. word
raen
adjective. crooked
raud
excellent
_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.
raug
noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon
rhavan
noun. wild man
rhaw
adjective. wild
adj. wild. Q. hráva. Tolkien wrote this entry as "rhaw [f]" (PE17:78).
rhond
noun. body
rhond
noun. body
A Sindarin word for “body”, cognate of Q. hrondo, appearing as rhonn in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN: PE17/183) and as rhond or rhonn in notes concerning spirit, also probably from 1957 (NM/237). In the former document, it was derived from the root √SRON, a variant of √RON “solid, tangible, firm” (PE17/183).
Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate hrondo was replaced by Q. hröa < ✶srawā in notes from 1958-59 (MR/209, 350). However, the Sindarin equivalent of hroa was rhaw, a word that also meant “flesh” along with many other (Neo) Sindarin meanings such as “wild” and “lion”. As such, I would retain rhond as “body” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; the continued viability of the root √RON is indicated by other words like S. Grond.
rhonn
noun. body
rían
noun. queen, queen, *(lit.) crowned-lady
rîs
noun. queen
sael
adjective. wise
sael
adjective. wise
sain
adjective. new
san
pronoun. that
send
noun. (?) rest
senn
noun. (?) rest
sui
conjunction. as, like
sûl
noun. wind
taur
noun. great wood, forest
taw
adverb. thither
thar
adverb. across
adv. & prep. across. . This gloss was rejected.
thar-
across
_ pref. _across, over, properly 'athwart'. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34.
thorn
adjective. steadfast
adj. steadfast. Q. thorna, sorna. >> Arathorn
thorn
adjective. steadfast
thos
noun. fear
_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos
thoss
noun. fear
tolo
verb. come!
tíra-
verb. to see
tírad
gerund noun. to see, for the seing
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
Ídh
and
{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
írui
adjective. desirable
_ adj. _desirable, lovely (mostly applied to persons, esp. women).
îdh
noun. rest, repose
Ēd
noun. Rest
Dor. Rest
#dae
great
#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
ab
after
#ab (only attested as a prefix, as in:)
ab
after
(only attested as a prefix, as in:)
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
achas
fear
(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.
achas
fear
(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)
ad
again
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
again
also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
back
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
back
also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
adlant
slanting
(adj.) *adlant (oblique), pl. edlaint. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlant.
adlant
slanting
(oblique), pl. edlaint. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlant.
adlod
sloping
(adj.) *adlod (tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)
adlod
sloping
(tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)
aear
ocean
aear (sea), pl. aeair.
aear
ocean
(sea), pl. aeair.
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
ai!
hail
! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ai!
hail
(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
aphada
follow
(i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)
aphadon
follower
(pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath
ar
outside
(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)
ar
outside
(without)
ar
without
(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)
ar
without
(outside)
athra
cross
(verb) #athra- (isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)
athra
cross
(isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)
bach
thing
(article for exchange, ware) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
basoneth Reconstructed
noun. breadgiver
baug
cruel
(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
braig
wild
(fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
brass
white heat
(i vrass, construct bras), pl. brais (i mrais) if there is a pl.
brûn
elder, eldest
(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
bund
nose
(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
bâr
home
bâr (dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
home
(dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
caeda-
verb. sit
calad
light
_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calad
light
(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
cand
adjective. bold
cand
bold
(lenited gand, pl. caind)
cant
shape
(noun) cant (i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i **chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint**; see SHADOW.
cant
shape
(i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint; see SHADOW.
cen
verb. see
cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)
cen
see
(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.
cened
seeing
(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
cil-
verb. choose
cofn
void
(adjective) cofn (empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
cofn
void
(empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
cost
quarrel
(noun) cost (i gost, o chost), pl. cyst (i chyst)
cost
quarrel
(i gost, o chost), pl. cyst (i chyst)
cuil
life
cuil (i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
cuil
life
(i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
cuin
alive
cuin (lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).
cuin
alive
(lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
cîl
renewal
(i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)
cîr
renewed
clashes with the word for ”ship”.s
cîw
fresh
1) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (new), 2) laeb (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” lhoeb (LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK) 3) laeg (green), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
cîw
new
(lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh)
cýron
new moon
(i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic ✱cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).
dad
downward
;
dae
great
(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
daer
large
daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
large
(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
great
daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
great
(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
dam
hammer
(noun) 1) dam (i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath, 2) dring (i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
dam
hammer
(i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath
damma
hammer
(verb) damma- (i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
damma
hammer
(i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
dan
back
(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);
dan
back
(lenited nan) (again, against);
deleb
horrible
1) deleb (abominable, loathsome), lenited dheleb; pl. delib. 2) gortheb (lenited ngortheb; pl. gerthib; archaic pl. *görthib).
deleb
horrible
(abominable, loathsome), lenited dheleb; pl. delib.
delos
fear
(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
dolt
round knob
(i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt
dosta
burn
dosta- (i dhosta, i nostar) (VT45:10-11; the source is obscure)
dosta
burn
(i dhosta, i nostar) (VT45:10-11; the source is obscure)
dram
blow
dram (i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);
dram
blow
(i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);
drambor
blow with fist
(i dhrambor) (clenched fist), pl. dramboer (in dramboer). Archaic ✱drambaur (dram + paur).
dring
hammer
(i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)
dêl
fear
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dîn
opening
dîn (i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
opening
(i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
echad
shape
(verb) echad- (i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)
echad
shape
(i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)
edhellen
elvish
edhellen (of language apparently = ”Sindarin”), pl. edhellin
edlothia
flower
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
flower
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothiad
flowering
(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
eithel
well
(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
eithel
well
(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
emig
little mother
(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)
eru
the one
isolated from
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
eryn
wood
1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)
eryn
wood
. No distinct pl. form.
eth
adverb/adjective. outside
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
fân
manifested body of a vala
(veil, cloud), construct fan, pl. fain.
gaear
ocean
gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).
gaear
ocean
(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).
gaearon
great ocean
(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
gail
light
(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
gail
light
(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)
gala
grow
gala- (i **ala, i ngalar** = i ñalar)
gala
grow
(i ’ala, i ngalar = i ñalar)
galdol
interjection. welcome
gast
void
(i ’Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name)
gaw
void
(i ’aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe)
gell
joy
(i ’ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim).
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim)
glass
joy
1) glass (i **lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais), 2) gell (i **ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).
glass
joy
(i ’lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais)
glaur
golden light
(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).
glawar
sunlight
(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glâd
wood
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)
glî
honey
glî (i **lî**);
glî
honey
(i ’lî);
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin.
goe
great fear
(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).
gorgoroth
deadly fear
(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.
gortheb
horrible
(lenited ngortheb; pl. gerthib; archaic pl. ✱görthib).
gosta
fear exceedingly
(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)
graug
powerful, hostile and terrible creature
(i ’raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath (WJ:415)
gwachaedir
seeing stone
(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****
gwaeren
windy
(lenited ’waeren; pl. gwaerin)
gwaew
wind
1) gwaew (i **waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew), 2) sûl (i hûl), pl. suil (i suil**). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.
gwaew
wind
(i ’waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)
gwaloth
collection of flowers
(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
gôr
fear
(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
hae
further
(adj.) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
further
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haug
adjective. low
hav
sit
hav- (i châf, i chevir), pa.t. hamp (with endings hemmi-, as in hemmin ”I sat”) or havant. (VT45:20)
hav
sit
(i châf, i chevir), pa.t. hamp (with endings hemmi-, as in hemmin ”
henia
understand
henia- (i chenia, i cheniar)
henia
understand
(i chenia, i cheniar)
hervenn
husband
(i chervenn, o chervenn), pl. hervinn (i chervinn)
herves
wife
(i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath
him
steadfast
1) him (abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
steadfast
(abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.
hû
dog
hû (i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)
hû
dog
(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
hûr
fiery spirit
(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
ia
ago
ia, io
ia
ago
io
iaur
old
1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
iaur
old
(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare
iaur
ancient
iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
iaur
ancient
(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
iâ
void
(chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
lavan
animal
(quadrupedal mammal) lavan, pl. levain (WJ:416)
lavan
animal
pl. levain (WJ:416)
lembas
way-bread, journey-bread
pl. lembais.
lest
girdle
lest (boundary, fence), pl. list
lest
girdle
(boundary, fence), pl. list
lhîw
sickness
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lim
light
(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
loss
snow
(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
loth
flower
loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
loth
flower
pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
lothren
wild
(waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)
mad
eat
(i vâd, i medir).
mae
well
(adverb) mae (lenited vae).
mae
well
(lenited vae).
maedol
adjective. welcome
Formed with the prefix mae- (PE17:163) which is not explicitly translated, although the root meaning of MAY- is given as 'excellent, admirable' (PE17:163). Compare also the adverb S. mae 'well' (PE17:162) and the Quenya cognate †maie, prefix mai- (although these are said to possibly derive from MAG-/MAƷ- 'handle, manage, control, wield').
The second part is the lenited blank verb stem tol 'come' as in rhudol 'unwelcome' (PE17:170). Although one could also form *al(a)dol based on Q. alatúlie, alatulya 'welcome' and the cited S. al- (PE17:172), this conflicts with the negative prefix al-, as in S. alfirin 'immortal', Q. alasaila 'unwise'. Presumably the two conceptions should not overlap, otherwise it is difficult to see how words like Q. alacarna can mean both 'well-done' and 'un-done'.
maedol
noun/adjective. welcome
@@@ patterned after rhudol
maer
useful
maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, good [of things])
maer
useful
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, good [of things])
maer
fit
maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (useful, good [of things])
maer
fit
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (useful, good [of things])
maeras
noun. goodness
@@@ Discord 2022-04-24
maetha
handle
(i vaetha, i maethar) (wield, manage, deal with). In Tolkien’s earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
dear
mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
dear
(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
matha
handle
(i vatha, i mathar) (stroke, feel; wield)
mela
love
(vb.) mela- (i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
mela
love
(i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
meleth
love
(noun) meleth (i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
meleth
love
(i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
meren
festive
meren (lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to
mereth
festival
mereth (i vereth) (feast), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to
mereth
feast
mereth (i vereth) (festival), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to
meril
rose
meril (i veril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meril), coll. pl. ?merillath. The word is attested as the Sindarin equivalent of the name Rose (SD:128-31)
meril
rose
(i veril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meril), coll. pl. ?merillath. The word is attested as the Sindarin equivalent of the name Rose (SD:128-31)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
minas
tower
(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
muda
labour
(verb.) muda- (i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas
muda
labour
(i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas
mîl
love
mîl (i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
love
(i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
na
by
(near) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
by
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
nad
thing
1) nad (pl. naid), 2) bach (article for exchange, ware) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).
nad
thing
(pl. naid)
naneth
mother
naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
naneth
mother
(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
nass
angle
(sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
nem
nose
1) nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
nem
nose
(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)
nev
hither
(adj. pref.) nev- (near, on this side). Also used as a preposition nef ”on this side of”.
nev
hither
(near, on this side). Also used as a preposition nef ”on this side of”.
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
niphred
fear
(pallor); pl. niphrid.
nu
under
followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)
nîdh
honeycomb
(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).
nórui
june
Nórui
nórui
fiery
(sunny). No distinct pl. form.
onnad
noun. birth
or
on
(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)
or
on
(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
paw
sickness
(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).
po
on
po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)
po
on
(lenited bo) (VT44:23)
pol-
verb. can
raen
crooked
raen (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”netted, enlaced”.
raen
adjective. crooked
raen
crooked
(no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”netted, enlaced”.
renia
sail
(verb) renia- (fly, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar)
renia
sail
(fly, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar)
rhaen
adjective. crooked
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
rhaw
wild
1) rhaw (untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”, 2) braig (fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34), 3) lothren (waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)
rhaw
wild
(untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”
rhaw
body
rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350).
rhaw
body
(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*.
ruin
fiery red
(burning); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.
ruin
track
(slot, spoor, footprint), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.
râd
track
1) (path) râd, construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh), 2) *ruin (slot, spoor, footprint), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.
râd
track
construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh)
rían
queen
(”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain)
rîs
noun. queen
rîs
queen
no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath
sa
pronoun. that
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
sain
adjective. new
sain
new
(sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn
siniath
news
(tidings) (i siniath).
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sui
like
(VT44:23)
síla
shine white
(i híla, i sílar) Adj.
sûl
wind
(i hûl), pl. suil (i suil). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.
taur
mighty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
pronoun. that
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
tawar
wood
(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).
tawar
wood
(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thalion
strong
thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
strong
(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
steadfast
thalion (dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
steadfast
(dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
tol
come
tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH
tol
come
(i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254).
tolf
noun. mast
@@@ Discord 2022-03-27
toltha
fetch
(make come) toltha- (i doltha, i tholthar)
toltha
fetch
(i doltha, i tholthar)
torn
down
(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
torn
down
(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
tû
strength
(physical strength) tû (i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath.
tû
strength
(i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath**.
tûr
power
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
power
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.
uiveleth
hJrな$3F noun. eternal love, love that will last for ever
The prefix ‘ui-’ that means eternal plus lenited form of meleth (love) ‘veleth’.
vi
in
(VT44:23), with article vin
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
ú
without
(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ú
without
u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ûn
creature
ûn (pl. uin).
ûn
creature
(pl. uin).
ûr
heat
(fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.
ûr
heat
ûr (fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.
A hero of Doriath and friend of Túrin (S/200). His name is simply the adjective beleg “mighty” used as a name (SA/beleg).
Conceptual Development: The name G. Beleg dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, already having its later etymology (LTA2/Beleg). The name reappeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/30), and again in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/287). In The Etymologies, Beleg was designated an Ilkorin name, translated “Strong” (Ety/BEL).