Sindarin 

bass

noun. bread

In the Etymologies, the word for "bread" is given as bast , Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth "bread-giver", and in the mutated form (i)mbas (apparently prefixed with the article). These latter Sindarin forms are however dubious, as we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection), and possibly a different mutation pattern after the article

Sindarin [besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bassoneth

noun. bread-giver

See bass for a discussion regarding this word

Sindarin [PM/404-405, X/Z] bass+oneth. Group: SINDICT. Published by

bass

bread

bass (i mass, o mbass, construct bas), pl. bais (i mbais). The sg. form with article "imbas" in VT44:23 may be seen as archaic Sindarin, for later *i mas(s) as suggested here. In ”Noldorin”, the word for "bread" was bast (LR:372 s.v. MBAS), but otherwise it would have the same mutations.

bass

bread

(i mass, o mbass, construct bas), pl. bais (i mbais). The sg. form with article "imbas" in VT44:23 may be seen as archaic Sindarin, for later ✱i mas(s) as suggested here. – In ”Noldorin”, the word for "bread" was bast (LR:372 s.v. MBAS), but otherwise it would have the same mutations.

bassoneth

lady

(bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic ✱bassauneth.

bassoneth

bread-giver

(fem.) bassoneth (lady) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth. Also bessain (i messain, o mbessain), no distinct pl. except with article (i mbessain)

bassoneth

bread-giver

bassoneth (lady) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth.

bassoneth

bread-giver

(lady) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic ✱bassauneth. Also bessain (i messain, o mbessain), no distinct pl. except with article (i mbessain)

besain

noun. bread-giver

See bass for a discussion regarding this word

Sindarin [PM/404-405, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

besoneth

noun. bread-giver

See bass for a discussion regarding this word

Sindarin [PM/404-405, X/Z] bass+oneth. Group: SINDICT. Published by

bessain

noun. bread-giver

See bass for a discussion regarding this word

Sindarin [PM/404-405, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heryn

lady

1) heryn (i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn), 2) hiril (i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath. 3) brennil (i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath. 4) bassoneth (bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth. 5) (i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).

bas(t)

noun. bread

This was the word for “bread” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors for much of Tolkien’s life, derived from the equally long-lived root √MBAS “bake”. The word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where G. bast “bread” was derived from the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (GL/22). ᴱN. bast “bread” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/138) and appeared again as N. bast “bread” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MBAS “knead” (Ety/MBAS).

It appeared without a final t in the Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s: anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” (VT44/21). However the t was restored in the phrase penim vast “we have no bread” from around 1959 (PE17/144). The late vacillations on the presence and absence of t are likely connected to Tolkien challenges with the derivation of lembas; see that entry for discussion. Likewise, the mutated forms mbas vs. vast indicate some late uncertainty on whether the primitive form began with mb- or b-.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the normal form was bast “bread” from ancient mbasta, so that lenited forms show mb-.

Sindarin [PE17/144; VT44/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heruin

noun. lady

n. lady. >> heryn, Rocheruin

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:97] < _kherū _Lord, Master. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

heruin

noun. lady

heryn

noun. lady

Sindarin [Roheryn S/436] hîr+dî. Group: SINDICT. Published by

heryn

noun. lady

n. lady. >> heruin, Rocheryn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:97] < _kherū _Lord, Master. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

heryn

noun. lady

Sindarin [PE17/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

híril

noun. lady, lady; [G.] princess, †queen

lembas

noun. journey bread made by the Elves

Sindarin [PM/404, LotR/II:VIII] lend+bass. Group: SINDICT. Published by

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

Sindarin [Ety/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:63] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

Sindarin [PE17/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rodel

lady

1a _n._lady, high lady. >> Nimrodel

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:63] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:63] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

brennil

lady

(i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath.

lady

(i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).

heryn

lady

(i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn)

hiril

lady

(i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath.

lembas

way-bread, journey-bread

pl. lembais.

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

Noldorin 

bast

noun. bread

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bast

noun. bread

Noldorin [Ety/KOR; Ety/MBAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brennil

noun. lady

Noldorin [Ety/351] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brennil

noun. lady

Noldorin [Ety/BARÁD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hiril

noun. lady

Noldorin [Ety/364] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hiril

noun. lady

Noldorin [Ety/KHER; EtyAC/KHER] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

Noldorin [Ety/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Quenya 

massa

noun. bread

A word for “bread” appearing as massa (VT43/12) or massë (PE17/52) in Tolkien’s later writings, most notably as an element in Q. massánië “breadgiver” (PM/404). It was in competition with, and possibly replaced, the word masta “bread”. The distinction between the two was discussed in notes from 1960s (PE17/52):

> Assume a Primitive Eldarin derivation ✱mbassē “(baked) bread”. The other derivatives were ✱mbasta with short final, an infinitive or verbal noun formation denoting a single action of the stem .. and ✱mbazdā denoting the passive result of the action, and when used substantivally a single product of this: mbazda would thus mean baked or a baked thing ... In Quenya we have masse “bread” as a material, and masta “a cake or loaf” (zd > st).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I prefer to use massa as the typical word for “bread” rather than massë, to avoid conflict with other words like [ᴹQ.] masse “where”. I would also use masta as a more general word for baked goods, including bread but also other baked things like cakes and loafs.

Quenya [PE17/052; VT43/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heri

lady

heri noun "lady" (KHER, LT1:272)

heri

noun. lady

massa

bread

#massa noun "bread" (massamma "our bread", VT43:18); massánië "breadgiver", used as a title of the highest woman among any Elvish people, since she had the keeping and gift of the coimas (lembas). Also simply translated "Lady" (PM:404)

massë

bread

massë noun "bread" (as a material), variant of massa, q.v. (PE17:52). Notice that *massë has also been extrapolated as a question-word "where?"

massë

noun. bread

masta

noun. bread

Quenya [PE 22:119; PE 22:162] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

quimellë

lady

quimellë noun "lady" (GL:45)

ráma

wing

ráma noun "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in LotR-style Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v.

ráma

noun. wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm

The Quenya word for “wing”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAM (PE17/63; Ety/RAM).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. ráma “wing” was derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The word appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings with the gloss “wing”, though at one point in the 1920s it was glossed both “arm, wing” (PE16/137), and in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s it was given as the Qenya word meaning “arm”, but this was revised to ᴱQ. ranko (PE15/79). The use of ráma for “arm” was a brief and rejected idea, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ráma “wing” was transferred to a new root ᴹ√RAM, while ᴹQ. ranko “arm” remained under ᴹ√RAK “stretch out” (Ety/RAK, RAM).

Quenya [LotR/0377; MC/222; PE17/063; RGEO/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kherī

noun. lady

Primitive elvish [PE17/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kherūnī

noun. lady

Primitive elvish [PE17/097; PE17/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

bass

noun. wing, pinion

A noun for “wing, pinion” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the cognate of ᴱQ. vasse “wing” (GL/22) and hence also derived from the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100).

Gnomish [GL/22; GL/44] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bast

noun. bread

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/22; GL/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwiniel

noun. lady

ram

noun. wing, pinion

Gnomish [GL/64; GL/66; LT2A/Alqarámë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

bast

noun. bread

Early Noldorin [PE13/138; PE13/155; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

vasse

noun. wing

A word for “wing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar word ’wasse appeared under the early root ᴱ√GWASA (QL/103). The word vasse “wing” also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/22) and again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but not thereafter.

Early Quenya [GL/22; PE16/137; QL/100; QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

noun. wing

Early Quenya [PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heri

noun. lady

Early Quenya [LT1A/Valahíru; PME/040; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heruni

noun. lady

Early Quenya [QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

masta

noun. bread

Early Quenya [PE16/141; PME/059; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wasse

noun. wing

Qenya 

heri

noun. lady

masta

noun. bread

Qenya [Ety/MBAS; EtyAC/MBAS; PE22/119] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nissa

noun. lady

ráma

noun. wing

Qenya [Ety/RAM; PE22/018; PE22/022; PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

khíril

noun. lady

Old Noldorin [Ety/KHER] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rāmā

noun. wing

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Edain

hareth

noun. lady

Doriathrin

hiril Reconstructed

noun. lady

A Doriathrin noun for “lady” attested only as an element in the name Hirilorn (Ety/NEL). It probably had essentially the same derivation as its Noldorin cognate N. hiril (Ety/KHER).