ran

noise

ran (ram-) noun "noise" (LT1:259, QL:79)

rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to rá, q.v.)

rá

lion

rá (2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

rá

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had rú “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. rá “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from this period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

Cognates

• ᴺS. raw “lion”

Derivations

• ✶rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ëarra “seal, sea lion”
• ᴺQ. picara “leopard”
• ᴺQ. rimpira “tiger, (lit.) stripe-lion”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rāw > rá	[rāw] > [rā]	✧ PE19/099
✶rāw > rá	[rāw] > [rā]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• rá ✧ PE19/099 (rá); PE19/104

rá†

noun. lion

lion

rauro

noun. lion

lion

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. †rá (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

Derivations

• ✶rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”
• ✶raurō “roarer” ✧ PE19/104
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rāw > raurō	[rauro]	✧ PE19/099
✶rau̯rō > rauro	[raurō] > [rauro]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• raurō ✧ PE19/099

ráma

wing

ráma noun "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in LotR-style Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v.

ráma

noun. wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm

The Quenya word for “wing”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAM (PE17/63; Ety/RAM).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. ráma “wing” was derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The word appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings with the gloss “wing”, though at one point in the 1920s it was glossed both “arm, wing” (PE16/137), and in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s it was given as the Qenya word meaning “arm”, but this was revised to ᴱQ. ranko (PE15/79). The use of ráma for “arm” was a brief and rejected idea, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ráma “wing” was transferred to a new root ᴹ√RAM, while ᴹQ. ranko “arm” remained under ᴹ√RAK “stretch out” (Ety/RAK, RAM).

Cognates

• S. raw “wing” ✧ PE17/063

Element in

• Q. Eärrámë “Sea-wing”
• Q. Númerrámar “West-wings”
• Q. rámainen elvië “on wings like stars” ✧ MC/222
• Q. rámar sisílala “the wings shining” ✧ MC/222
• Q. yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron “long years numberless as the wings of trees” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yéni únótimë ve aldaron rámar “long-years not-countable as trees’ wings” ✧ RGEO/58

Variations

• rāma ✧ PE17/063

ráva

bank

ráva (2) noun "bank" (especially of a river) (RAMBĀ)

rávë

roaring noise

rávë noun "roaring noise" (Markirya)

rávë

noun. roaring noise

A noun for a “roaring noise” in the glossary for the 1960s version of the Q. Markirya poem (MC/223), probably derived from the root ᴹ√RAW.

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Element in

• Q. rávëa “roaring” ✧ MC/223

alaco

rush, rushing flight, wild wind

alaco ("k")noun "rush, rushing flight, wild wind" (VT45:5 cf. ÁLAK)

hlóna

noise

hlóna (1) noun "a noise" (VT48:29, PE17:138). Also hlón.

raw

noun. lion

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

Cognates

• Q. ráma “wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm” ✧ PE17/063

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAM “*wing, fly”

Element in

• S. roval “winged, winged; [N.] pinion, great wing (of an eagle)” ✧ PE17/063

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

lhôn

noun. noise

A word for “noise” appearing in a list of roots for sound words from 1959-60, derived from the root √(S)LON (PE17/138).

Cognates

• Q. hlón(a) “noise, sound” ✧ PE17/138

Derivations

• √SLON “sound, (general word for) noise” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SLON > lhôn	[slon] > [l̥on] > [l̥ōn]	✧ PE17/138

raw

roaring noise

(rush), pl. roe (idh roe);

raw

rush

(noun, roaring noise) 1) raw (pl. roe, idh roe)

raw

rush

(pl. roe, idh roe)

raw

lion

*raw (pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. lion

Cognates

• Q. rá “lion”

raw

lion

(pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(esp. river-bank) raw (pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

roaring noise

raw (rush), pl. roe (idh roe);

raw

roaring noise

raw (rush), pl. roe (idh roe)

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

rib

rush

(verb) rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)

rib

rush

(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)

rāw

noun. lion

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Derivatives

• Q. rá “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
• Q. rauro “lion” ✧ PE19/099

rhaw

noun. lion

rhaw

noun. lion

A noun appearing as N. rhaw “lion” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW (Ety/RAW), where the initial r was unvoiced to rh as was generally the case in Noldorin. It had a Noldorin plural form of rhui.

Conceptual Development: G. rau “lion” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA like its cognate ᴱQ. rau “lion” (QL/79).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. raw “lion” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Its Sindarin-style plural is more likely to be roe(w) rather than ✱✱rui: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rá “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

• On. rō “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW
  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rō > rhaw	[rǭ] > [rou] > [rau] > [r̥au]	✧ Ety/RAW
On. rōwi > rhui	[rǭwi] > [rouwi] > [rauwi] > [ruiw] > [r̥uiw] > [r̥ui]	✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAW

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

A noun given as N. rhaw “bank, especially of a river” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a derivative of the root ᴹ√RAB, also the basis for N. rham “wall” (Ety/RAMBĀ; EtyAC/RAMBĀ).

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this would would become ᴺS. raw as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I think it is better still to use the less ambiguous N. duirro for “river bank” given the other homonyms for S. raw.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ráva “bank (especially of a river)” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAB “*wall” ✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Element in

• N. duirro “*river-bank” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAB² > rhaw	[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.