os

house, cottage

os (ost-) noun "house, cottage" (LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már)

osto

noun. fortress, stronghold, strong place, fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round

Cognates

• S. ost “fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel; fortified town; enclosure, fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel; (fortified) town, [N.] city; [orig.] [S.] enclosure, [G.] yard” ✧ SA/os(t); NM/228; WJ/414

Derivations

• ✶ostō “fortress or stronghold” ✧ VT39/06; WJ/414

Element in

• ᴺQ. amilosto “metropolis”
• Q. Armenelos “City of the Kings; *(lit.) Noble Heaven City”
• Q. Tar Calimos “*Royal Bright City”
• ᴺQ. arosto “suburb(s), suburbia, outskirts (of city, town)”
• Q. Formenos “Northern Fortress” ✧ SA/os(t)
• ᴺQ. hérosto “capital city”
• Q. Mandos “Castle of Custody” ✧ MR/350; SA/os(t)
• Q. Ondosto “*Stone City”
• ᴺQ. ostar “community”
• Q. Ostoher “*City Lord”
• ᴺQ. ostomo “citizen”
• Q. Túrosto “Mickleburg, (lit.) Great Fortress”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ostō > osto	[ostō] > [osto]	✧ VT39/06
✶ostō > osto	[ostō] > [osto]	✧ WJ/414

indo

house

indo (2) noun "house" (LT2:343), probably obsoleted by #1 above (in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for "house" appears as coa).

corima

round

corima _("k")_adj. "round" (LT1:257; rather corna in Tolkien's later Quenya)

corna

round, globed

corna ("k")adj. "round, globed" (KOR)

os

preposition. around, about, round

@@@ used in NQNT

Cognates

• N. o “about, concerning”

Derivations

• ᴹ√OS “round, about”

Element in

• ᴺQ. oscaita- “to surround, (lit.) around-lie”
• ᴺQ. oscir- “to circumcise, (lit.) around-cut”
• ᴺQ. ospor “chaff”

coro

preposition. around

Derivations

• √KOR “round, round; [ᴱ√] be round, roll”

os

preposition. *about

Element in

• S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18

-os

suffix. augmentative suffix

-on

suffix. augmentative suffix

@@@ most clear in gaearon

Element in

• S. Ardhon “The World”
• ᴺS. cirion “sailor, shipman”
• S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea”
• S. gardhon “province”
• S. Rodon “Vala”
• ᴺS. saegon “famine, (great) hunger”
• ᴺS. ylvon “chalice”

Variations

• -on ✧ PE17/043

-oth

suffix. augmentative suffix

Element in

• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. daedelos “horrible fear” ✧ PE17/151
• S. deloth “abhorrence, abhorrence, [N.] detestation, loathing”
• S. faloth “large foamy wave”
• ᴺS. gonnos “great rock”
• S. goroth “horror, dread”
• S. Lammoth “Great Echo” ✧ S/106
• S. Nogoth “[Greater] Dwarf” ✧ PE17/045

Variations

• os ✧ PE17/151

sennas

noun. guesthouse

othrond

noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold

othronn

noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold

os

about, around

(as in osgar- ”cut around”

os

around, about

(adv. prefix) #os- (as in osgar- ”cut around”

os

about, around

(adv. prefix) #os- (as in osgar- ”cut around”

os

around, about

(as in osgar- ”cut around”

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

o

about

o (concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.

o

about

(concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

corn

round

corn (circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

round

(circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

dolt

round knob

(i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

basgorn

round bread

(loaf) (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn).

cava

noun. house

Cognates

• Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ WJ/369

Element in

• T. cavaria Olue “the house of him, Olwe” ✧ WJ/369

zadan

noun. house

A noun translated “house” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

gathol Reconstructed

noun. fortress

Element in

• Kh. Gabilgathol “Great Fortress”

os

root. making a hissing foaming noise

A root appearing in a list of “sound words” from 1959-60, described as “making a hissing foaming noise” and serving as the basis for the name Q. Ossë (PE17/138). This is only one of many different etymologies for that name, and I think it probably represents a transient idea.

Derivatives

• Q. Ossë ✧ PE17/138

kor

root. round, round; [ᴱ√] be round, roll

This was the Elvish root for round things throughout Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, and had Early Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. korima “round” and G. corm “ring, circle, disc” (GL/26). ᴹ√KOR “round” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/KOR). √KOR “round” was also mentioned in etymological notes probably written in the early 1960s (PE17/184). Its derivatives like Q. corma “ring” (LotR/953) and S. cerin “(circular) mound” (LotR/350; RC/309) appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. cornë “loaf”
• ᴺQ. coro “around”
• Q. coron “mound, mound; [ᴹQ] globe, ball”
• ᴺQ. corpë “skull”
• ᴺQ. coropë “skull”
• ᴺQ. corta- “to roll up, roll, pack”
• Q. corto “circle”
• S. cerin “circular mound, artificial hill, circular mound, artificial hill; [N.] round enclosure”
• S. cor “ring, circle”
• ᴺS. corob “skull”
• S. corod “circle”

Element in

• √SKOR “rough, marred, unequal or unsymmetrical in shape” ✧ PE17/184
• Q. coranar “(solar) year, (lit.) sun-round”
• Q. corma “ring”
• ᴺS. corf “ring (for fingers)”

os-

prefix. about

Derivations

• ᴹ√OS “round, about” ✧ Ety/OS

Element in

• N. Dagor-os-Giliath “Battle under Stars”
• ᴺS. osgaef “surroundings, environs, milieu”
• N. osgar- “to cut round, amputate” ✧ Ety/OS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√OS > os-	[os-]	✧ Ety/OS

os-

prefix. about, around

o

preposition. about, concerning

The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)

car(dh)

noun. house

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kar “building, house” ✧ Ety/KAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KAR > carð	[karda] > [kard] > [karð]	✧ Ety/KAR

Variations

• car ✧ Ety/KAR
• carð ✧ Ety/KAR

corn

adjective. round, globed

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

car

noun. house, building

cardh

noun. house, building

othrond

noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold