The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)
Noldorin
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
o
preposition. about, concerning
o
preposition. from, of
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ho “from” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
Element in
- N. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thíw thin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ TI/182
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷŌ̆ > o [ɣo] > [o] ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆ Variations
- o ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆; TI/182
o
preposition. about, concerning
Cognates
- ᴺQ. os “around, about, round”
Derivations
- ᴹ√OS “round, about” ✧ Ety/OS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√OS > o [oso] > [oho] > [oh] > [o] ✧ Ety/OS Variations
- o ✧ Ety/OS; EtyAC/OS
an
preposition. of
Element in
- N. anann “long”
- N. Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” ✧ WR/379 (
Berin a Nestad)- N. Ernil a Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ WR/287
- N. Rath a Chelerdain “Street of the Lampwrights” ✧ WR/388
ho
pronoun. he
ho
pronoun. he
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶sū̆/sō̆ > ho [so] > [ho] ✧ Ety/S Variations
- hon ✧ Ety/S
- hono ✧ Ety/S
nan
preposition. of
go-
prefix. together
go-
prefix. together
Cognates
- ᴹQ. o- “together” ✧ Ety/WŌ
Derivations
Element in
- N. gobel “walled house or village, town”
- N. gobennas “history” ✧ Ety/KWET
- N. godrebh “abreast; *together-through”
- N. gwaloth “blossom, collection of flowers”
- N. gonathra- “to entangle, enmesh” ✧ Ety/NAT
- N. gonod- “to count (up)” ✧ Ety/WŌ
- N. govad- “to meet”
- N. gowest “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
- N. gwanod “tale, number, number, tale”
- N. gwanur “kinsman, kinswoman” ✧ Ety/WŌ
- N. gwastar “hummock” ✧ Ety/WŌ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√WŌ̆ > go- [wo-] > [gwo-] > [go-] ✧ Ety/NAT ᴹ✶wō/wŏ > gwa- [wó-] > [wá-] > [gwá-] ✧ Ety/WŌ Variations
- go ✧ Ety/KWET
- gwa- ✧ Ety/WŌ (gwa-)
hon
pronoun. he
os-
prefix. about, around
os-
prefix. about
Derivations
- ᴹ√OS “round, about” ✧ Ety/OS
Element in
- N. Dagor-os-Giliath “Battle under Stars”
- ᴺS. osgaef “surroundings, environs, milieu”
- N. osgar- “to cut round, amputate” ✧ Ety/OS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√OS > os- [os-] ✧ Ety/OS
hono
pronoun. he
hon(o)
pronoun. he
gwa-
prefix. together
gwa-
prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)
ai
interjection. hail
Element in
- N. Ai, Du-finnion ✧ RS/361
- N. Ai, Padathir, Padathir “Hail, Trotter, Trotter” ✧ RS/198
Variations
- Ai ✧ RS/198; RS/361
nae
interjection. alas
nae
interjection. alas
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nai “alas” ✧ Ety/NAY
Derivations
- ᴹ√NAY “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NAY > nae, nae [nai] > [nae] ✧ Ety/NAY Variations
- nae, nae ✧ Ety/NAY
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin