’o’o

root. *sea

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives having to do with the sea such as ᴱQ. oar “merchild” and ᴱQ. Ô “The Sea, Ocean” (QL/70). G. ô “the sea” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon is probably related, but its Qenya cognate was given as ᴱQ. ua and its primitive form as ᴱ✶ou̯a (GL/61). In later writings Tolkien used different roots for the “sea”, such as √AY(AR) or √GAY(AR).

ō

root. be, exist

ou̯a

noun. the sea

oldō

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

lopse

?. [unglossed]

mehe

root. ooze‽

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ooze”, but Tolkien marked that gloss with a “?”, and its Qenya and Gnomish derivatives all had to do with “gore”: ᴱQ. mear, G. †mais, and G. mechor (QL/60; GL/56-57). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, but I think it is worth positing a Neo-Eldarin root ᴺ√MEKH for “gore” words.

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

siði

root. flow

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

apa

preposition. to, on

kele

root. flow, run; ooze, trickle

lepse

?. [unglossed]

nene

root. flow

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

siři

root. flow

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

fumu

root. sleep

A root from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sleep” with Quenya derivatives beginning with f- such as ᴱQ. fum- “sleep” (QL/38). This root was first given as (deleted) ᴱ√HUMU, as reflected in words appearing in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. hum- “sleep, drowze” (GL/49). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien gave the (unglossed) Qenya verb hum-, which might be a reversion to ᴱ√HUMU. However, in later writings Tolkien generally attributed the meaning “sleep” to the root √LOR and its variants, so ᴱ√HUMU/ᴱ√FUMU was probably abandoned.

nā

root. be, exist

ī

root. be