se

pronoun. he, she, it, 3rd person singular pronoun

Derivatives

• ✶-se-sē̆ “3rd sg reflexive” ✧ VT49/20
  • Q. -ssë “himself, *herself, itself” ✧ VT49/20
• Q. se “he, she, it (animate)” ✧ VT49/50
• Q. -s(së) “he, she, it; him, her, it” ✧ VT49/50

Element in

• ✶sē tuli, tuli sḗ, āse tuli! “let him come! etc.” ✧ PE22/140; PE22/140; PE22/140
• ✶-syā “his, her, its” ✧ VT49/17

Variations

• sḗ ✧ PE22/140
• sē ✧ PE22/140
• SE ✧ VT48/24
• s(e) ✧ VT49/17
• -sĕ ✧ VT49/20
• se/te ✧ VT49/50

sē

preposition. at; locative, adessive, inessive

Derivatives

• Q. se “at, in” ✧ VT43/30
• Q. -ssë “locative ending” ✧ PE21/79

Variations

• sē̆ ✧ PE21/79
• -ssē ✧ PE21/79
• stē ✧ PE21/79

si

root. this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now

Tolkien used √SI as the basis for “near demonstratives” like “here” and “now” from very early in his writings on Elvish. The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had two competing roots ᴱ√HYA “this by us” with derivatives like ᴱQ. hyá “here by us” (QL/41) and ᴱ√KI “this by me” with derivative ᴱQ. tyá (< ᴱ✶kı̯-ā) “now” (QL/41, 49). Indications of the latter can be seen words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. cî {“now” >>} “here” and G. cîrin “present (place or time), modern” [gloss deleted] (GL/26). However, Tolkien also introduced a new root ᴱ√si(n) “this here by me” with derivatives like G. sî “here” and G. sith “hither” (GL/68). Revisions of Gnomish ci- word glosses indicate Tolkien was vacillating on which forms were temporal and which were spatial.

In The Etymologies Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√SI “this, here, now” with derivatives like ᴹQ. sí or sin “now” and ᴹQ. sinya/N. sein “new” (Ety/SI). The root √SI was mentioned a couple times in Tolkien’s later writings, usually glossed “this” (PE17/67; VT48/25; VT49/18) and in one place with the variant √SIN (PE17/67). This root was not entirely without competition in Tolkien’s later notes, however: in one place he gave primitive ✶khĭn- as the possible basis for Q. hí “here” and S. hí “now” in 1968 notes on demonstratives, though it appeared beside primitive ✶si- forms (VT49/34 note #21).

Derivatives

• ✶sī “this (by me), now or here” ✧ PE17/067
  • Q. sí “now” ✧ PE17/067; VT49/18
  • S. sí “here, in this place (of speaker)” ✧ PE17/067
• Q. si “this”
• Q. sië “thus”
• Q. sin “*thus”
• ᴺS. se “this”
• ᴺS. sin “these”

Element in

• ✶kenásĭta “if it be so, may be, perhaps”
• Q. sinomë “here, (lit.) in this place” ✧ PE17/067
• ᴺS. sî “yet, hither(to), hereto”
• S. sír “*today, this day”

Variations

• SĬ/SĬN ✧ PE17/067; PE17/184
• SI ✧ VT48/25

sin

root. this

skā

noun. ‽

skū

noun. ‽

khyē̆

pronoun. other person

Derivations

• √KHY- “other” ✧ VT49/14

Derivatives

• Q. hye “other person, him (the other)” ✧ VT49/14

sĭnā

adjective. this

Derivatives

• Q. sina “this” ✧ VT49/18
• S. sen “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34

Variations

• sĭna ✧ PE17/044

pū

noun. ‽

sisti

root. ‽

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. sistë “ulcer, sore, boil”