ki

root. this by me

kiti

root. *tickle

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives had to do with tickling such ᴱQ. kitya- “tickle” and ᴱQ. kityalea “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive” (QL/47). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon contained a couple of possible Gnomish cognates: G. tisc “ticklish” and G. tisca- “tickle” (GL/70). This kind of k/t variation is seen in a few other early Qenya and Gnomish forms, such as ᴱQ. talqe “glass” vs. G. celc (QL/88; GL/25) and probably represents variant roots in ancient Elvish.

I think it is worth preserving this root for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, but the only way I see to preserve a similar k/t variation in the phonetic systems of later Quenya and Sindarin is to posit a root inversion to √TIK in the Sindarin branch, as in the inversion of the CE root √LED’s to √DEL in Quenya (WJ/363).

kiði

root. cut, split

kili

root. edge

kirisi

root. cut, split

kisi

root. cut, split

kiwka

noun. cud

kiři

root. cut, split

piki

root. *small

kiniki Reconstructed

root. hang

miqi

root. kiss

The root ᴱ√MIQI “kiss” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. miq- “to kiss” and ᴱQ. miqele “kissing” (QL/61). Derivatives also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. mib “a little kiss, a peck” and G. mictha- “kiss, bill” (GL/57). The word ᴱQ. miqilitse “little or tender kiss” appeared in the ᴱQ. Nieninqe poem from the 1920s (MC/215; PE16/90, 92). Tolkien created a new version of this poem in 1955 and reused many of the same words, including Q. mikwi- “kiss” and Q. miquelis “(soft, sweet) kiss” (PE16/96); the latter also appeared as ᴹQ. miqilis “kiss” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/33). These later examples support the ongoing validity of this root, perhaps as ✱√MIKW.

reðe

root. kinsman

The form reðe was a root added under ᴱ√RESE [REÞE] “aid, support” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives of ᴱ√RESE having to do with “kinship” reassigned to reðe, such as ᴱQ. renda “related, of the same kin or clan” and ᴱQ. resse “kinswoman, cousin” (QL/79). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien had a similar set of words likewise derived from distinct reth- vs. redh-, with the latter most likely being the basis for words like G. redhin “related” and G. ress “cousin (f.), relative” (GL/65). The root was given as RESE- “kinsman” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/79), but the addition of reðe may be later than that document.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D to preserve these early kinship and cousin words, for which we have no later alternatives. It might be considered a variant of later root √RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; PE19/91) and thus applied only to more distant kin.

tuðu

root. kindle

The root ᴱ√TUŘU “kindle” [TUÐU] appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant forms ᴱ√TUSO and ᴱ√TUSU as well as derivatives like ᴱQ. tunda- “kindle”, ᴱQ. turu “wood, properly firewood”, and ᴱQ. tusturin “match” (QL/96). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon had a similar primitive form tudh- with derivatives like G. tund “log for the fire”, G. tusta- “inflame, kindle, set light to, burn”, and G. tuthli “match” (GL/72). However, the Gnomish Lexicon also had words like G. drui “wood, forest” and G. duru “wood; a pole, beam, or log” (GL/31). Since initial d- > t- in Early Qenya, it seems likely that ᴱ√TUŘU “kindle” may also represent a blending with an unattested root ✱ᴱ√DURU “wood”.

Many years later Tolkien gave a hypothetical root √TUD in contrasted to √TUL to illustrate certain principles of etymological variations (VT48/25). It is not clear whether this √TUD is related to earlier ᴱ√TUÐU “kindle”. Nevertheless, I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√TUD “firewood, kindling” to salvage Early Qenya and Gnomish words of similar meaning.

res-rŭ

noun. kinsman, cousin

stor’onturá

masculine name. King of Eagles

rese

root. kinsman

ʒete

root. *kin

A root for “kin” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing only as an element in the primitive form ᴱ✶ŋuaʒet- > G. gwaid “kinsmen, relations; companion”, but with a number of other obvious derivatives such as G. ged “kinsman†; friend, chum” and G. geth “clan, kindred, folk” (GL/38, 43). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

kīla

noun. kīla

tana

root. *fire, kindle

kṇðṇ

root. shine

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√KṆŘṆ “shine” with derivatives in both Qenya and Gnomish, such as ᴱQ. kanda- “blaze”, G. cintha- “to light, set alight”, ᴱQ. kanwa “lurid”, and G. cantha “flame” (QL/47; GL/25-26). It may be a variant of ᴱ√KṚN “✱red” (QL/48). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

tyaka

root. hew

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “hew” with derivative ᴱQ. tyakta- of the same meaning (QL/49). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

kere

root. turn

kı̯-ā

adverb. now

faka Speculative

root. cut

A hypothetical early root to explain words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. fag- “cut” and G. fanc “cut” (GL/33). It might be related to ᴱ√FḶKḶ “cleave, hew”. There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

dak-

verb. to slay

lini

root. gentle

maka

root. slay

pini

root. *small

ŋuarenđā

noun. family

kantya

noun. edge

kwere

root. turn

kyere

root. turn

kṇřṇ

root. shine

pī

root. *small

tala

root. support

t’lépe

noun. silver

dala Reconstructed

root. support