_ adv. _well. >> mael
Sindarin
mae
adverb. well
mae
well
mae
adverb/adjective. well; excellent, admirable
mae
adverb. well
mae-
mae-
pref. Q. mai- >> maer. This gloss was rejected.
Maeglin
noun. Maeglin
maeg (“sharp, piercing, penetrating”) + glîn (“gleam, glint [of eyes]”)
mae govannen
well met
This is the best known Sindarin greeting, used by Glorfindel when greeting Aragorn west of Rivendell. For the meaning of the elements of this name, see the discussion below.
Conceptual Development: This phrase appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts as N. mai govannen “well met” (RS/194, 198 note #5), with the only difference from the published version being N. mai “well” rather than S. mae. The element govannen “met” is certainly a past/passive participle, but it is not entirely clear what the verb was intended to be when Tolkien coined the phrase. One likely possibility is N. ✱govad- “to meet, (lit.) together tread”, a combination of the prefix N. go- “together” and the verbal root ᴹ√BAT “tread”, analogous to N. trevad- “traverse, ✱(lit.) through tread” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/BAT). Another possibility is the root ᴹ√BA “go, proceed” from the Quenya Verbal System of 1940s (PE22/112), perhaps with a verb form N. ✱govan- “together go”.
Either way, it seems likely that in the original phrase, govannen “met” was not mutated. In Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s, Tolkien revisited this notion, deciding the verb should be mutated following the adverb mae. At first he wrote:
> go-vannen “met”: past participle from go- “together” (cf. Q o- above) + past participle form of stem ba(n)- [from footnote: connected with Quenya ABA/BA, go (away), as in vanwa “gone, departed”], a Sindarin stem not related to but having similar sense as Q men-, forming Sindarin verb govan-, to come to same place, meet, in past participle form govannen (PE17/16).
He struck this through and devised a new etymology that would allow the verb to be a mutated form, as suggested by Christopher Gilson:
> go-vannen “met”: past participle from S covad- “collect”, transitive or intransitive, “assemble, bring together” (√KOB-) past tense covant, past participle covannen “art brought together” (PE17/16).
He then reversed himself, saying:
> This won’t really do. The explanation of the word as containing Sindarin √BAN “meet”, come up against, prefixed by go (< Common Eldarin WĀ, WO) is obviously right (PE17/16).
Tolkien then squeezed a new analysis of the phrase into the margin as mae “well” + g(ī)’ovannen “thou met”, where the second element of the phrase was derived from the ancient pronoun kī “thou” [2nd person familiar] + gwā-ƀandina (PE17/17). By introducing the pronoun ki between “well” and “met”, Tolkien was able to explain the initial g- as a mutated remnant of this pronoun, combined with ’ovannen after its initial consonant g- was lost. Of interest is the d in ƀandina, which seems to hint at a possible new root (√BAD or √BAT) for the base verb form; see the section on Alternate Explanations below for more details on this variant root.
The reason an alternate root was of interest is that the root √BA(N) “go” was on shaky grounds, having been in competion with √BĀ/ABA “refuse” dating all the way back to the 1930s. In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, Tolkien firmly rejected this root:
> Delete √BA(N) “go.” (For this sense Quenya, Sindarin stem is √MEN.) ... √ABA, BĀ [root of refusal and negative command] distinct from AWA, WĀ “away” (PE17/143).
Hereafter, any remaining derivatives of √BA(N) “go” were reassigned to other roots, such as Q. vanwa “lost, gone” < √WĀ “away” (WJ/366). In the same bundle of 1959 notes, Tolkien again mentioned the root √KOB. In a page of roots having to do with “flower” and “snow” Tolkien gave:
> √KOB, KOM- gather, collect. bring to same place / point. S cova-, weak intransitive. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet. mae-govannen, well met! (PE17/157).
This note was marked through and, according to Christopher Gilson, presumably replaced by a new note in a different page of roots having to do with “beautiful”:
> √KOB/KOM. gather, collect (bring or come into same place). {S cova(d) “bring” >>} S cova “come together, meet”, covad “bring together, make meet” (covannen, late Sindarin for covan(n) in mae-govannen “well-met”) (PE17/158).
If this analysis of the order of changes is correct, it seems the last thing Tolkien said on the topic was that the base verb in mae govannen was S. cova- “come together, meet”.
Alternate Theory: One challenge with the above analysis is that the order of composition for these various 1959 notes is not at all clear. Tolkien seems to have committed to the rejection of √BA(N) “go”, since the root √BĀ/ABA “refuse” was mentioned regularly in notes from 1959 forward. However, it is not entirely clear whether √KOB/KOM was actually restored. Christopher Gilson only said that “presumably” the note on PE17/157 was replaced by the note on PE17/158; it is possible that the order was reversed. One argument in favor of this ordering are the variations on the verb cova(d)-: on PE17/16 covad- was both transitive and intransitive, on PE17/158 Tolkien first wrote cova(d) “bring” before splitting it into intransitive cova- and transitive covad- and on PE17/157, it was intransitive only cova-. If the order was PE17/16 >> PE17/158 >> PE17/157, then √KOB/KOM may have been ultimately rejected.
If this is the case, then the explanation kī + gwā-ƀandina > g(ī)’ovannen “thou met” from PE17/17 may have been restored or perhaps was even added as a marginal note after the rejection of √KOB/KOM. As noted above, the d in ƀandina hints that the verbal root may also have changed from √BAN to √BAD or √BAT. Based on the form only, √BAD would seem to be most likely, but there is no appropriate meaning assigned to the root √BAD: in The Etymologies, it seems ᴹ√BAD = “judge” (Ety/BAD). However, as noted above, ᴹ√BAT “tread” would work fine, and ƀandina may be an Old Sindarin passive participle of govad- < ✱wo-BAT, perhaps even a restoration of the Noldorin form of the verb from the 1940s. The ƀ hints that it is an Old Sindarin form, and ƀandina may be a reformed passive participle after wo-bat > OS. gwa-ƀad.
Neo-Eldarin: For purpose of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to stick with S. cova- “meet” as the basis for the second element of mae govannen “well met”. I think the alternate theory is a bit of a stretch. While I think it is possible that PE17/16 >> PE17/158 >> PE17/157 was the order of composition, I think Christopher Gilson’s suggested order of PE17/157 >> PE17/158 is equally likely. Furthermore, it requires some fancy guesswork to determine the root for ƀandina given the firm rejection of √BA(N) “go”, and some phonological gymnastics to justify the initial g- in govannen as the passive participle of govad-. All in all, sticking with S. cova- “meet” seems like the simpler scenario to me.
mael
adjective. well
_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae
maer
good
adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.
maedhros
masculine name. *Shapely and Red-haired
Eldest son of Fëanor (S/60). His name is an adaption of elements from both his mother-name Q. Maitimo “Well-shaped One” and his nickname Q. Russandol “Copper-top”: S. maed “shapely” and S. ross “red-haired” (PM/366). As such, his name was more properly spelled Maedros (PM/352).
Conceptual Development: When he first appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, this character’s name was G. Maidros (LT2/241), a name that earlier in the tales was used for the grandfather of Fëanor (LT1/146). This form continued to be used in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/88, LR/223), but in The Etymologies, Tolkien said it was an anglicanization of proper Noldorin Maidhros “Pale-glitter” (Ety/MAD), which also appeared in The Etymologies as N. Maedhros (Ety/RUS).
The form Maidhros continued to appear in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/115), but for the most part earlier Maidros was revised to Maedhros (MR/177), the form Christopher Tolkien adopted for the published version of The Silmarillion: see N. [[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]]. Tolkien constructed the derivation given above in The Shibboleth of Fëanor, where he actually used the form Maedros (PM/352, 366). Later still he considered revising the name to Maedron (PM/372, note #2), but this change was not carried out in the texts.
maeglin
masculine name. Sharp Glance
Son of Eöl whose treachery led to the fall of Gondolin, translated “Sharp Glance” (S/133). His name is a combination of maeg “sharp” and glîn(n) “gleam, glint” (SA/maeg, glîn; WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was G. Meglin (LT2/164), and remained N. Meglin in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/136, LR/274). The meaning of the earliest form of this name is unclear, but N. meglin appears in The Etymologies as an adjectival form of megli, so perhaps it was intended to mean “✱bear-like”. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien considered several other replacements: Glindûr, Targlîn, Morlîn and Morleg (WJ/91, 323), but ultimately settled on Maeglin (WJ/122, note §119).
maecheneb
adjective. sharp-eye[d]
maew
noun. gull
A noun for “gull” first appearing as N. maew in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” (Ety/MIW). It appeared in later notes as an archaic genitive plural maewion in the phrase S. †glim maewion “(the) voices of gulls” (PE17/97). Its class plural mewrim seems to have appeared in S. Ras Mewrim “✱Cape of the Gulls”, an alternate name for S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/190). If so, the vowel e would be the result of the sound change whereby ae sometimes became e in polysyllables.
Maed(h)ros
noun. Sindarized combination of Q Maitimo “well-shaped” and Russandol “copper-top”
maed (“shaply”) + ross (“copper-coloured”); [Etym. MAD-, RUS-] gives translation “pale glitter”; maedh (“pale, fellow, fawn”) + ross (“flash, glitter of metal”)
mae-
prefix. mai-
_ pref. _Q. mai-. >> maeron
maer
adjective. excellent
maeth
noun. management
_ n. _management. Q. maht(i)e. >> maetha-
maetha-
verb. to handle
_ v. _to handle, treat, manage, etc. Q. mahta-. >> maeth
maewia
suffix. of gulls
maewion
suffix. of gulls
maeth
noun. management
maetha-
verb. to handle, manage, wield, use, treat, deal with
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, piercing, sharp, *penetrating
maed
adjective. shapely, shapely, *pretty
maed
adjective. handy, skillful, handy, skillful, [N.] skilled
mael
adjective. well
maelig
noun. wealth, abundance
maen
noun. a treasure
maer
adjective. good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)
maeron
noun. artist, poet
ma
adjective. good
_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.
mae-govannen
verb. well met
_ weak intr. v. _well met. . This gloss was rejected.
maecheneb
adjective. sharp-eyed
maed
adjective. handy, skilled, skilful
maed
adjective. shapely
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something
mael
noun. lust
maelui
adjective. lustful
maen
noun. a treasure
_ n. _a treasure. Q. _maina _a thing of excellence, a treasure (O.E. máþum).
maer
good
_ adj. _good.
maeron
noun. artist
_ n. _artist. It usually, but not necessarily, implied a poet. Q. maitar.
maetha-
verb. to handle
v. to handle. Q. mahta-.
maetha-
verb. use
_ v. _use, wield. Q. mahta-. >> maw
maetha-
verb. to handle, wield, manage, deal with
mae
soft
mae (lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
mae
soft
(lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
mae
well
(adverb) mae (lenited vae).
mae
adjective. soft, pliant
mae
well
(lenited vae).
Maedhros
Maedhros
Maedhros' father-name was Nelyafinwë, meaning "Finwë the Third", shorter form Nelyo, as his grandfather and father both shared the name Finwë. Nelya is a Quenya adjective that means "third". His mother-name was Maitimo, "Well-shaped One", for he was noted for his comeliness. His epessë was Russandol, "Copper-top", referring to the dark red hair he inherited from his grandfather Mahtan. It is derived from russa, a Quenya adjective meaning "red-haired". In The Shibboleth of Fëanor, note# 65, it is said that the names Maitimo and Russandol are the base for the Sindarized name Maedhros (derived from a contraction of Mait- + Rus-). In the earlier work The Etymologies, the name Maedhros is original Noldorin, and is said to mean "Pale-glitter". It is formed by the adding up maidh ("pale", "fallow" or "fawn") and "archaic" rhoss ("flash", "glitter of metal").
Maeglin
Maeglin
Maeglin means "sharp glance" in Sindarin, a name which he received from his father when he was twelve. It is formed by the union of maeg, which translates as "sharp" or "piercing", "penetrating" and glîn, meaning "gleam", "glint" (of eyes). At birth, Aredhel gave Maeglin the mother-name of Lómion, meaning "Child of Twilight" in Quenya. It comes from lómë, a noun that translates as "dusk", "twilight" and also "night".
maetha
manage
maetha- (i vaetha, i maethar) (handle, wield, deal with). In earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maetha
manage
(i vaetha, i maethar) (handle, wield, deal with). In earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maedol
adjective. welcome
Formed with the prefix mae- (PE17:163) which is not explicitly translated, although the root meaning of MAY- is given as 'excellent, admirable' (PE17:163). Compare also the adverb S. mae 'well' (PE17:162) and the Quenya cognate †maie, prefix mai- (although these are said to possibly derive from MAG-/MAƷ- 'handle, manage, control, wield').
The second part is the lenited blank verb stem tol 'come' as in rhudol 'unwelcome' (PE17:170). Although one could also form *al(a)dol based on Q. alatúlie, alatulya 'welcome' and the cited S. al- (PE17:172), this conflicts with the negative prefix al-, as in S. alfirin 'immortal', Q. alasaila 'unwise'. Presumably the two conceptions should not overlap, otherwise it is difficult to see how words like Q. alacarna can mean both 'well-done' and 'un-done'.
mae govannen
meet); well met
(as greeting) mae govannen.
Maedhros
Pale-glitter
Maedhros' father-name was Nelyafinwë, meaning "Finwë the Third", shorter form Nelyo, as his grandfather and father both shared the name Finwë. Nelya is a Quenya adjective that means "third". His mother-name was Maitimo, "Well-shaped One", for he was noted for his comeliness. His epessë was Russandol, "Copper-top", referring to the dark red hair he inherited from his grandfather Mahtan. It is derived from russa, a Quenya adjective meaning "red-haired". The name Maedhros is Sindarin, and is said to mean "Pale-glitter" in The Etymologies. It is formed by the adding up the "Noldorin" maidh, meaning "pale", "fallow" or "fawn" and archaic "Noldorin" form rhoss, which translates as "flash", "glitter of metal". However, in The Shibboleth of Fëanor, note# 65, the Sindarin form Maedhros is explained as having been derived from a contraction of his mother-name with his epessë (Mait- + Rus-).
maeas
dough
maeas (i vaeas), pl. maeais (i maeais) if there is a pl. (but coll. pl. maeassath). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moeas.
maeas
dough
(i vaeas), pl. maeais (i maeais) if there is a pl. (but coll. pl. maeassath). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moeas.
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
maecheneb (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
maed
handy
maed (lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (skilled). Note: a homophone means ”shapely”.
maed
skilled
1) maed (lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”shapely”. 2) maen (lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (clever), 3) #flâd (construct flad, pl. flaid). Isolated from the name Fladrif ”skin-bark”.ee HEAVEN. SKY-BRIDGE, see RAINBOW
maeg
penetrating
maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, going deep in). (WJ:337)
maeg
going deep in
maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);
maeg
going deep in
maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337)
mael
lust
mael (i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Note: a homophone means ”stain, stained”.
mael
lust
(i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Note: a homophone means ”stain, stained”.
mael
stain
(i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.
mael
stained
mael (lenited vael; no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”lust”. Another adj.
maelui
lustful
maelui (lenited maelui; no distinct pl. form)
maelui
lustful
(lenited maelui; no distinct pl. form)
maen
clever
maen (lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled) (noun):
maenas
art
maenas (i vaenas) (craft, handicraft), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath.
maenas
art
(i vaenas) (craft, handicraft), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath.
maenas
craft
maenas (i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);
maenas
craft
(i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);
maenas
handicraft
(i vaenas) (craft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath.
maer
good
_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
maer
useful
maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, good [of things])
maer
fit
maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (useful, good [of things])
maeth
fight
(noun) (of two or a few, not a general host) maeth (i vaeth) (battle), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth)
maeth
fight
(i vaeth) (battle), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth)
maeth
battle
(i vaeth) (fight), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth).
maetha
fight
(verb) maetha- (i vaetha, i maethar). A later source defines maetha- as ”handle, wield, manage, deal with” (VT47:6)
maetha
fight
(i vaetha, i maethar). A later source defines maetha- as ”handle, wield, manage, deal with” (VT47:6)
maetha
handle
(i vaetha, i maethar) (wield, manage, deal with). In Tolkien’s earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maetha
wield
(i** vaetha, i** maethar) (handle, manage, deal with). In Tolkien’s earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maetha
deal with
maetha- (i vaetha, i maethar) (handle, wield, manage). In earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maethor
warrior
1) maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)
maethor
warrior
(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)
maew
gull
1) maew (i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim; 2) gwael (i **wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael), 3) mŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl**).
maew
gull
(i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim
maeas
noun. dough
maedol
noun/adjective. welcome
@@@ patterned after rhudol
maegra-
verb. to sharpen
maeligeb
adjective. wealthy, rich
maenor
noun. craftsman
maeras
noun. goodness
@@@ Discord 2022-04-24
maethas
noun. control, *authority
maetheb
adjective. having control or authority
maed
handy
(lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (skilled). Note: a homophone means ”shapely”.
maed
skilled
(lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”shapely”.
maed
shapely
(lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”skilled, handy”.
maeg
sharp
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
maeg
going deep in
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);
maeg
penetrating
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, going deep in). (WJ:337)
mael
noun. lust
mael
stained
(lenited vael; no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”lust”. Another adj.
mael
noun/adjective. stain; stained
maelui
adjective. lustful
maen
clever
(lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled)
maen
skilled
(lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (clever)
maer
good
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
maer
useful
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, good [of things])
maer
fit
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (useful, good [of things])
maglor
masculine name. *Forging Gold
Second son of Fëanor (S/60), his name is phonetic conversion of his mother-name Q. Macalaurë “Forging Gold” (PM/353), which in proper Sindarin would have been Magalor (VT41/10).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was G. Maglor (LT2/241). It remained N. Maglor in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/88, LR/223). In The Etymologies, it was translated “Gold-cleaver”, a combination of the root ᴹ√MAK “cleave” and the suffixal form -lor of glaur “gold” (Ety/MAG). In “The Lay of Leithian Recommenced” from the 1950s, Tolkien revised the name to Maelor (LB/353), a form that also appears as a late change in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/182 note §41), but when Tolkien devised the derivation given above in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from the late 1960s, he reverted back to Maglor.
hen(d)
noun. eye
The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.
mŷl
noun. gull
A word for “gull” in the name S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/379); its singular and plural forms would be the same. It might be derived from ✱miulē < ᴹ√MIW “whine”, the basis for other “gull” words, since iu became ȳ in Sindarin. I’d recommend using the better attested S. maew “gull” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
aeg
sharp
1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
cadwar
shapely
1) cadwar (lenited gadwar, pl. cedwair), also cadwor (lenited gadwor, pl. cadwoer). Archaic *cadwaur. 2) maed (lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”skilled, handy”.
dagor
battle
(noun) 1) dagor (i nagor, o ndagor), analogical pl. degyr (i ndegyr), coll. pl. dagorath. Archaic dagr, so we might have expected dagrath as the coll. pl.; dagorath would be an analogical formation. 2) (battle of two or a few, not a general host) maeth (i vaeth) (fight), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth). 3) auth (war), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
gwass
stain
(noun) 1) gwass (i **wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i **wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith), 2) (noun) maw (i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”. 3) mael (i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.
heneb
eyed
(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)
matha
wield
1) matha- (i vatha, i mathar) (stroke, feel, handle), 2) maetha- (i vaetha, i maethar) (handle, manage, deal with). In Tolkiens earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”. 3) tortha- (i dortha, i thorthar) (control)
mîth
noun. *Sinda, Grey-Elf
heneb
adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes
aeg
adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing
al-
well
pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.
bain
good
_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.
dagor
noun. battle
dagor
noun. battle
gwael
noun. gull
gwaen
adjective. stained
gwaen
adjective. stained
hador
masculine name. Warrior
Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).
hen
noun. eye
hend
noun. eye
henn
noun. eye
megil
noun. sword
megil
noun. sword
_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.
megor
adjective. sharp-pointed
mîr
a treasure
mŷl
noun. gull
negen
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn
negn
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen
raud
excellent
_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.
thend
noun. *Sinda, Grey-Elf
aeg
sharp
(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aig
sharp
(no distinct pl. form).
angol
deep lore
(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
auth
battle
(war), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
brûn
long in use
under
cadwar
shapely
(lenited gadwar, pl. cedwair), also cadwor (lenited gadwor, pl. cadwoer). Archaic ✱cadwaur.
crumui
left-handed
crumui (lenited grumui; no distinct pl. form), also hargam (lenited chargam, pl. hergaim)
crumui
left-handed
(lenited grumui; no distinct pl. form), also hargam (lenited chargam, pl. hergaim).
cuen
small gull
(i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath
dagor
battle
(i nagor, o ndagor), analogical pl. degyr (i ndegyr), coll. pl. dagorath. Archaic dagr, so we might have expected dagrath as the coll. pl.; dagorath would be an analogical formation.
dagra
battle
(verb, "do battle, make war") dagra- (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
dagra
battle
(i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
daug
warrior
(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)
egnas
sharp point
(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
eithel
well
(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
eithel
well
(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
erchamion
one-handed
(pl. erchemyn).
erchammon
one-handed man
(pl. erchemmyn). The spelling used in the source is ”erchamon” (VT47:7)
falch
deep cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch;
flâd
skilled
(construct flad, pl. flaid). Isolated from the name Fladrif ”skin-bark”.
galdol
interjection. welcome
golwen
learned in deep arts
(wise), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic pl. ✱gölwin)
gwael
gull
(i ’wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael)
gwaen
stained
(lenited ’waen; no distinct pl. form)
gwaen
stained
is gwaen (lenited waen; no distinct pl. form)
gwass
stain
(i ’wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i ’wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith)
gwatha
stain
(verb) gwatha- (i **watha, in gwathar**) (soil)
gwatha
stain
(i ’watha, in gwathar) (soil)
hadron
warrior
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.
hathel
broadsword blade
(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)
hend
eye
hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
hend
eye
(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
hûl
cry of encouragement in battle
(i chûl, o chûl, construct hul), pl. huil (i chuil)
im
deep vale
(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)
imlad
deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides
(glen), pl. imlaid;
iuith
use
(noun) iuith (no distinct pl. form). LONG IN USE, see brûn under .
iuith
use
(no distinct pl. form).
iuitha
use
(verb) iuitha- (i iuitha, in iuithar)
iuitha
use
(i iuitha, in iuithar)
laeg
sharp
(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
lang
sword
(cutlass), pl. leng.
m
gull
ŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl).
magol
sword
(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.
matha
handle
(i vatha, i mathar) (stroke, feel; wield)
matha
wield
(i** vatha, i** mathar) (stroke, feel, handle)
maw
stain
(i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.
megil
sword
1) megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.
megil
sword
(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).
megor
sharp-pointed
(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **
paen
small gull
(i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24.
till
sharp horn
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
tofn
deep
tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tofn
deep
(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tortha
wield
(i** dortha, i** thorthar) (control)
tortha
control
(verb) tortha- (i dortha, i thorthar) (wield)
tortha
control
(i dortha, i thorthar) (wield)
tûm
deep valley
tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)
tûr
control
(noun) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
control
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.