Quenya 

-a

it is said

-r nominative plural ending regularly used on nouns ending in -a, -i, -, -o, -u, e.g. Ainur, Valar, tier. Occasionally it is added also to nouns ending in -ë (that normally take the ending -I in the pl.). This seems to regularly happen in the case of nouns in - (see #fintalë, mallë, tyellë), sometimes also otherwise (see Ingwë, wendë, essë #1). This plural ending was ("it is said") first used by the Noldor (PM:402).

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in . This function dates back to CE. ✶.

Derivations

  • “adjectival”

Element in

  • Q. airëa “holy (applied to persons)” ✧ PE17/149
  • ᴺQ. aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
  • Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
  • Q. amaurëa “dawn, early day, morning” ✧ MC/223
  • Q. andúna “western”
  • ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
  • Q. endëa “middle”
  • Q. eressëa “lonely” ✧ LotR/1116
  • Q. fínëa “dexterous”
  • Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
  • Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
  • Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
  • Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
  • Q. lillassëa “having many leaves”
  • Q. lilótëa “having many flowers”
  • Q. lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
  • Q. mírëa “jewelled, jewelled, *gemmed”
  • Q. nieninquëa “like a snowdrop” ✧ PE16/096
  • Q. nöa “former; yesterday; tomorrow, yesterday; former, *previous; tomorrow”
  • ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
  • Q. núla “dark, occult, mysterious”
  • Q. oialëa “eternal”
  • Q. rávëa “roaring”
  • Q. taurëa “forested”
  • Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, mighty, masterful, *having political power” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. úfanwëa “not veiled, unveiled”
  • Q. úpahtëa “speechless”
  • Q. vëa “seeming, apparent, seeming, apparent; [ᴱQ.] similar, like”
  • Q. yaimëa “wailing”
Quenya [LotR/1116; MC/223; PE16/096; PE17/115; PE17/149; VT39/20] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lma

our

-lma pronominal ending "our", 1st person pl. exclusive (VT49:16), also attested (with the genitive ending -o that displaces final -a) in the word omentielmo "of our meeting" (nominative omentielma, PE17:58). Tolkien emended omentielmo to omentielvo in the Second Edition of LotR, reflecting a revision of the Quenya pronominal system (cf. VT49:38, 49, Letters:447). The cluster -lm- in the endings for inclusive "we/our" was altered to -lv- (VT43:14). In the revised system, -lma should apparently signify exclusive "our".

-lwa

our

-lwa, possessive pronominal ending, 1st person pl. inclusive "our" (VT49:16), later (in exilic Quenya) used in the form #-lva, genitive -lvo in omentielvo (see -lv-).

-mma

our

-mma "our", 1st person dual exlusive possessive ending: *"my and one others" (VT49:16). At an earlier conceptual phase, Tolkien apparently intended the same ending to be plural inclusive "our" (VT49:55, RS:324), cf. Mélamarimma "Our Home" (q.v.) In the latter word, Tolkien slips in i as a connecting vowel before this ending; elsewhere he used e, as in Átaremma "our Father" (see atar).

-uva

fill

-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- "fill", future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb "to be" is given as uva, apparently the future-tense "ending" appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for "will be" (see #1).

-ngwa

our

-ngwa "our", 1st person dual inclusive possessive pronominal ending: *"thy and my", corresponding to the ending -ngwë for dual inclusive "we" (VT49:16)

-o

of goodness

-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).

á

immediate time reference

a (3), also á, imperative particle. An imperative with "immediate time reference" is expressed by á in front of the verb (or "occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis"), with the verb following in "the simplest form also used for the uninflected aorist without specific time reference past or present or future" (PE17:93). Cf. a laita te, laita te! "[o] bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally "o rule Manwë!" (see laita, vala for reference); cf. also á carë "do[!]", á ricë "try!", á lirë "sing[!]", á menë "proceed[!]", a norë "run[!]" (PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example), á tula "come!" (VT43:14). In the last example, the verb tul- "come" receives an ending -a that probably represents the _suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both "before and after" the verbal stem "for emphasis" (PE17:93)_. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta "speak!" (PE17:138). Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira (VT47:31, see cen-, tir-); the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë (PE17:94) with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! "let them try!" (PE17:93). Alyë (VT43:17, VT44:9) seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta "give thou" (elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"); presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, #ála or áva, q.v.

Quenya [Quettaparma Quenyallo] Group: Quettaparma Quenyallo. Published by

illi

all

illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)

illi

noun. all

Element in

ilya

all

ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.

ilyë

adjective. all

accal(a)-

verb. shine

shine (suddenly and) brilliantly, blaze

Quenya [PE 18:35, 61 PE 18:85] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

cal-

shine

#cal- vb. "shine", future tense caluva ("k") "shall shine" _(UT:22 cf. 51). Compare also early "Qenya" cala- ("k")"shine" (LT1:254)_. It is possible that the verbal stem should have a final -a in later Quenya as well, since this vowel would not appear in the future tense caluva (compare valuvar as the pl. future tense of vala-, WJ:404).

onna

noun. child, child, *offspring; [ᴹQ.] creature

A word for “child” appearing in various late notes and phrases (NM/31; PM/391; VT49/42), derived from the root √NŌ/ONO “beget, be born” and once appearing in a variant form onwe (PE17/170). Giving its derivation, its actual meaning may be closer to “✱offspring”, as first suggested to me by Tamas Ferencz.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. onna was instead glossed “creature”, though it was still derived from the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO).

Derivations

  • NŌ/ONO “beget, give birth to; be born, beget, give birth to; be born; [ᴱ√] become” ✧ PE17/170; PE17/170

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ON/NO > onwe[onwe]✧ PE17/170
ONO/NŌ > onna[onna]✧ PE17/170

Variations

  • onwe ✧ PE17/170; PE17/170; PE17/170
Quenya [PE17/170; PM/391; VT49/42] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sil-

shine

sil- vb. "shine" (white), present tense síla "shines, is shining" (FG); aorist silë, pl. silir (RS:324), frequentative sisíla- (Markirya comments), future tense siluva (VT49:38), dual future siluvat (VT49:44, 45)

helca

icy, ice-cold

helca ("k")adj. "icy, ice-cold" (misprint "helk" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry KHELEK; both the Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka, and VT45:21 finally confirmed that there is a final -a in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript as well). In Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Araman and Middle-earth_ (SA; spelt "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK)_

hína

child

hína noun "child", also hina used in the vocative to a (young) child (also hinya "my child", for hinanya) (WJ:403). Pl. híni (surprisingly not **hínar) in Híni Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" (Silmarillion Index); dative hínin in VT44:35. In compounds -hin pl. -híni (as in Eruhíni, "Children of Eru", SA:híni). According to one source, the word is hín(i) and solely plural (PE17:157), but this is obviously contradicted by some of the sources quoted above.

hína

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN (PE17/157; WJ/403), most notably an element in Eruhíni “Children of God”, a term for Elves and Men as the children of Eru. This word illustrates that hína has an abnormal plural form: híni rather than the expected ✱✱hínar. A variant hina with a short i was “only used in the vocative addressing a (young) child, especially in hinya (< hinanya) ‘my child’ (WJ/403)”.

Conceptual Development: The term Êruhîn “Children of God” first appeared as an Adûnaic word in the 1940s (SD/247-8, 358), later adapted as Quenya Eruhíni and Sindarin Eruchîn, which seems to be the source of Q. hína and S. hên “child”. At one point Tolkien coined masculine and feminine variants Q. hindo and Q. hindë, but they were deleted (PE17/157). Tolkien occasionally used an alternate Quenya form sén (MR/423; UT/274), perhaps out of a desire to have a Sindarin form Eruhîn that was closer to the original Adûnaic form; this variant continued to appear as late as 1969, where sén was written below Eruhíni as a variant form in Late Notes on Verbs (LVS: PE22/158).

Cognates

  • Ad. -hin “child, patronymic”
  • S. hên “child” ✧ SA/híni; WJ/403

Derivations

  • KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157
  • khīnā “child” ✧ WJ/403
    • KHIN “child” ✧ WJ/403

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KHIN > hīn(i)[kʰīni] > [xīni] > [hīni]✧ PE17/157
khīnā/khinā > hína[kʰīnā] > [xīnā] > [hīnā] > [hīna]✧ WJ/403

Variations

  • hina ✧ WJ/403
Quenya [PE17/157; PE21/83; SA/híni; SI/Children of Ilúvatar; VT44/35; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilaurëa

daily

ilaurëa adj. "daily", "of every day" (il- "every" + aurë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18).

melwa

lovely

melwa adj. "lovely" (LT1:262); compare melda in Tolkiens later Quenya.

menya

our

menya (pl. menyë is attested) possessive pron. "our", 1st person pl. exclusive independent possessive pronoun (VT43:19, 35). Evidently derived from the dative form men "for us" by adding the adjectival ending -ya. Compare ninya, q.v.

quat-

fill

quat- vb. "fill" (WJ:392), future #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") (Nam, RGEO:67) Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva (VT48:11) displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquantuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward.

selda

child

selda adj.?noun? (meaning not clear, related to seldë "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter") and seldo "boy". Thus selda may be an adjective "childlike", since -a is a frequent adjectival ending. Alternatively, as suggested in VT46:13, selda may be a neuter noun "child", corresponding to masc. seldo "boy" and fem. seldë "girl" (before Tolkien changed the meaning of the latter to "child"). (SEL-D, cf. VT46:22-23)

calta-

shine

calta- ("k")vb. "shine" (KAL)

írima

lovely, beautiful, desirable

írima adj. "lovely, beautiful, desirable" (ID, FS, PE17:155), in FS also pl. írimar; in the "Qenya" of Fíriel's Song, adjectives in -a form their plurals in -ar instead of -ë as in LotR-style Quenya.

quanta-

fill

quanta- (2) vb. "fill" (PE17:68), cf. enquantuva "will refill" in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta "full" as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- (q.v.) is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT.

untúpa

down-roofs

untúpa vb. "down-roofs" = covers (perhaps for *undutúpa-, cf. undu-). Present tense of untup- with lengthening of the stem vowel and the suffix -a (cf. síla "shines" from sil-)

onwë

child

onwë noun "child" (PE17:170)

onwë

noun. child

seldo

child

seldo noun (meaning not quite clear, likely the masculine form of seldë "child", hence *"boy") (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23)

seldë

child

seldë noun "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter"; in his later texts the Quenya word for "child" is rather hína, and the final status of seldë is uncertain. See also tindómerel.) (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23) In one late source, Tolkien reverts to the meaning "daughter", but this may have been replaced by anel, q.v.

sén

noun. child

Element in

Sindarin 

-a

suffix. -a

pl1. -ion** ** gen. suff. >> maewia, maewion, geledhion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:97] < sg. _ō_ pl. (_ia _< later _iōn _<) _iōm_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-a

suffix. -a

pl1. -on** ** poss. suff. >> heryna

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:97] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-a

suffix. [old] genitive suffix

Derivations

  • -āga “genitive” ✧ NM/355; NM/355
  • “genitive” ✧ PE17/097; PE17/097
    • HO “from, coming from”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ō > ia > -a[-ō] > [-a]✧ PE17/097
iōm > ion[-iōm] > [-ion]✧ PE17/097

Variations

  • a ✧ NM/355 (Os. a)
Sindarin [NM/355; PE17/097; VT42/04] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-main

suffix. our

_1st pl. poss. suff. our.Maybe the excl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -em_. >> -em, -men

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-i

suffix. adjectival suffix

Derivations

  • -ya “adjectival suffix” ✧ VT42/10

Element in

  • S. serni “shingle, pebble bank” ✧ VT42/10

pân

adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. qua(na) “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”

Derivations

  • KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something”

Element in

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-enc

suffix. our

_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-men

suffix. our

_1st pl. poss. suff. our.Maybe the excl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -em_. >> -em, -main

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dail

adjective. lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < _delya_ < DEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ilaurui

adjective. daily

Sindarin [VT/44:21,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pân

adjective. all, in totality

As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

Sindarin [mhellyn în phain SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

panna-

verb. to fill

Sindarin [Ety/366, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hên

noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)

Sindarin [WJ/403] Group: SINDICT. Published by

deil

lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < _delya_ < DEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

eruchen

children of the one

)

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin.

hên

child

hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

hên

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.

Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).

Cognates

  • Ad. -hin “child, patronymic”
  • Q. hína “child” ✧ SA/híni; WJ/403

Derivations

  • khīnā “child” ✧ WJ/403
    • KHIN “child” ✧ WJ/403

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
khīnā/khinā > hên[kʰinā] > [kʰina] > [xina] > [xena] > [xen] > [hen] > [hēn]✧ WJ/403
khīnā/khinā > hîn[kʰinī] > [kʰini] > [xini] > [xin] > [hin] > [hīn]✧ WJ/403
Sindarin [LR/322; MR/373; S/198; SA/híni; UT/057; UT/140; VT50/12; VT50/18; WJ/160; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hên

child

(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)

melui

adjective. lovely, sweet

This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

Sindarin [LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18, RC/582] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

adjective. our

Sindarin [VT/44:21,22,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mín

adjective. our

Sindarin [VT/44:21,22,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mín

pronoun. our

Changes

  • minvin ✧ VT44/24
  • mínvín ✧ VT44/28

Element in

Variations

  • min ✧ VT44/22 (min)
Sindarin [VT44/22; VT44/24; VT44/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

silef

shining white

is listed in LR:385 s.v. SIL as the cognate of Quenya silma of this meaning, but silef is there asterisked, apparently to indicate that it only appears as part of the word Silevril ”Silmaril”. The word silef may also be used = Quenya silima (noun), the crystal substance of the Silmarils.

vín

our

vín; see WE

vín

our

; see

pân

all

(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

pân

all

pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

ilaurui

daily

(adj.) ilaurui (no distinct pl. form)

ilaurui

daily

(no distinct pl. form)

síla

shine white

(i híla, i sílar) Adj.

órui

noun. daily

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

pathra

fill

pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

pathra

fill

(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

Nandorin 

-a

suffix. adjectival/genitival

Element in

Nandorin [NM/351; PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

-a-

suffix. subjective inflection

The inflection used to put neuter nouns into the subjective case (SD/430), used either as a suffix (for weak-nouns) or augmenting the last vowel (for strong-nouns). See the entry on the subjective case for further details.

Variations

  • -a ✧ SD/430

katha

adjective. all

A word translated “all” in the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/288, VT24/12). This word appeared in the form kâtha in the final typescript version of the Lament (SD/247), but in all other instances appeared as katha. If the final typescript is later than the final manuscript, kâtha may be its final form, but I believe that the manuscript was later, and katha better matches its appearance as an element in kathuphazgân “conqueror” (SD/429). This last example is interesting in that it is an example of an adjective declined into the objective case.

Element in

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/288; SD/312; SD/429; VT24/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

suffix. adjectival

Derivatives

  • Q. -a “adjectival suffix”

Element in

  • elenā “connected with or concerning the stars”
  • lindā “*sweet sounding” ✧ WJ/382

Variations

  • ā ✧ PE21/82
Primitive elvish [PE21/82; WJ/382] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ā̆

suffix. active verbal suffix

Element in

  • tura-mbar “master of fate” ✧ PE17/104

Variations

  • ā̆ ✧ PE17/104
Primitive elvish [PE17/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ya

suffix. adjectival suffix

Derivatives

  • Q. -ëa “ordinal suffix” ✧ VT42/25
  • Q. -ya “his, her, its (colloquial)” ✧ VT49/17
  • S. -i “adjectival suffix” ✧ VT42/10
  • S. -ui “-ful, having quality, adjective suffix; possibility, suitability [as verbal suffix], *-able” ✧ VT42/10; VT42/25; VT42/25

Element in

  • minya “first” ✧ VT42/25
  • otsōyā “seventh” ✧ VT42/25
  • -syā “his, her, its” ✧ VT49/17
  • Q. lepenya “fifth” ✧ VT42/25
  • Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25
  • Q. nelya “third” ✧ VT42/25

Variations

  • ✧ PE21/78
  • -i ✧ PE21/81
  • -jā̆ ✧ PE21/81
  • -jā ✧ PE22/136; VT49/17
  • -yā ✧ VT42/25
  • ō-yā ✧ VT42/25
  • ū-yā ✧ VT42/25
Primitive elvish [PE21/78; PE21/81; PE22/136; VT42/10; VT42/25; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ni

suffix. adjectival suffix

Seen in lugni < LUG, luini < LUY and ninkwi < NIKW (with subsequent metathesis). Possibly a (rare) variant of -nā and/or -i.

Primitive elvish [PE17/168, PE21/81, PE17/136, 161; VT48/24, 27] Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

il

root. all

A root meaning “all” in Tolkien’s writings from the 1930s through 1960s (VT48/25) with derivatives in both Quenya and Sindarin, the most notable being Q. Ilúvatar “All-father” (MR/39). Its earliest precursor is the root ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, whose derivatives include various sky-words as well as ᴱQ. Ilúvatar, since in this early period the name meant “Heavenly Father” (QL/42). The meaning of the root shifted to ᴹ√IL “all” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/IL), and it retained this sense thereafter.

Derivatives

  • ilū “all, everything, the whole”
    • Q. ilu “everything, all, the whole, everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; [ᴱQ.] ether” ✧ VT39/20
    • ᴺS. ilu “universe, the whole, cosmos”
  • Q. il- “every, *all”
  • Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
  • S. il “*all”

Element in

Primitive elvish [VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khīnā

noun. child

Derivations

  • KHIN “child” ✧ WJ/403

Derivatives

  • Q. hína “child” ✧ WJ/403
  • S. hên “child” ✧ WJ/403

Variations

  • khīnā/khinā ✧ WJ/403
Primitive elvish [WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khin

root. child

A root appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 with the gloss “child” (PE17/157), and again in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 with the same gloss (WJ/403). It was the basis for the words Q. hína and S. hên “child”, which were probably inspired by the Adûnaic patronymic suffix -hin that Tolkien introduced in the 1940s as part of Êruhin “Child of God” (SD/358), originally an Adûnaic word but later on used in Sindarin (Let/345; MR/330). This root might be a later iteration of the early root ᴱ√HILI from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives had to do with children (QL/40). As evidence of this, the Adûnaic word was first given as Eruhil (SD/341).

Derivatives

  • Ad. -hin “child, patronymic”
  • khīnā “child” ✧ WJ/403
    • Q. hína “child” ✧ WJ/403
    • S. hên “child” ✧ WJ/403
  • Q. hína “child” ✧ PE17/157
  • Q. hindë “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/157
  • Q. hindo “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/157
  • ᴺQ. hinta- “to adopt”
  • Q. hinyë “baby”

Variations

  • khin ✧ WJ/403
Primitive elvish [PE17/157; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

-(i)on

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • N. Tilion “Horned” ✧ Ety/TIL

Variations

  • -ion ✧ Ety/TIL (-ion)

pannod

verb. to fill

Noldorin [Ety/366, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

síla-

verb. to shine white

Noldorin Group: SINDICT. Published by

pathra-

verb. to fill

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

nimir

root. shine

A Primitive Adûnaic root glossed “shine” (SD/416), apparently the basis for Nimir “Elf”.

Derivatives

  • Ad. Nimir “Elf, (lit.) Shining One”
Primitive adûnaic [SD/416] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • ᴹQ. eressea “lonely” ✧ Ety/ERE
  • ᴹQ. fárea “enough, sufficient”
  • ᴹQ. hiswa “grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading”
  • ᴹQ. kaimassea “bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed”
  • ᴹQ. kuivea “wakening”
  • ᴹQ. lintyulussea “having many poplars”
  • ᴹQ. lúmeqentalea “historical”
  • ᴹQ. mailea “lustful”
  • ᴹQ. naikelea “painful, painful, [ᴱQ.] agonizing”
  • ᴹQ. nengwea “nasal”
  • ᴹQ. nornea “*of oak”
  • ᴹQ. rinda “circular”
  • ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen”
  • ᴹQ. valya “having (divine) authority or power, having (divine) authority or power, *authorized, official”
  • ᴹQ. vórea “continuous, enduring, lasting; continuant”
  • ᴹQ. yalúmea “olden”
  • ᴹQ. yárea “olden”

-va

suffix. adjectival

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶-ba “genitival adjective” ✧ PE21/59

Variations

  • va ✧ PE21/59
Qenya [Ety/TER; PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ya

suffix. aorist active participle, general verbal adjective

Changes

  • -lā-yā ✧ PE22/106

Element in

  • ᴹQ. farastea “of the chase (that it is proper to hunt), *of prey” ✧ PE22/110
  • ᴹQ. lirustea “fit for singing, to be sung” ✧ PE22/110
  • ᴹQ. nemestea “apparent, apparent, *obvious” ✧ PE22/110

Variations

  • -yā ✧ PE22/100 (-yā); PE22/106 (-yā)
  • ✧ PE22/106 ()
  • -lā ✧ PE22/106 (-lā)
  • yā́ ✧ PE22/110
Qenya [PE22/100; PE22/106; PE22/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

pronoun. it, one, indefinite subject

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ga “indefinite subject” ✧ PE21/66; PE22/094

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶-ʒa > -a[ɣa] > [a]✧ PE21/66
ᴹ✶ga > a[ga] > [ɣa] > [a]✧ PE22/094

Variations

  • -a ✧ PE21/66
  • a ✧ PE22/094; PE22/107 (a); PE22/108; PE22/123 (a); PE22/124; PE22/125
Qenya [PE21/66; PE22/094; PE22/107; PE22/108; PE22/123; PE22/124; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-n

suffix. genitive suffix

Cognates

  • Ilk. -a(n) “genitive”
  • N. na “with, by; of”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards”
  • ᴹ√ENE “?genitive” ✧ PE21/59

Variations

  • en ✧ PE21/59 (en)

qáqi

adverb. all

Element in

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

Derivations

Variations

  • aran ✧ PE21/19

seldo

noun. child, child [m.], *boy

A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SEL(D) “child, child; *daughter” ✧ Ety/SEL-D

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SEL-D > seldo[seldo]✧ Ety/SEL-D
Qenya [Ety/SEL-D; EtyAC/SEL-D] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

-en Reconstructed

suffix. adjectival suffix

An adjectival suffix appearing as both -en and -in, and in one place as -on: Brithon. The -en form can be easily explained as a derivative of the primitive suffix ᴹ✶-ina, with the [[ilk|primitive [i] becoming [e] due to Ilkorin a-affection]], the same origin as the Noldorin adjectival suffix -en. The -in variant is more difficult to explain. At least one example lómen had variations with both -en and -in, so perhaps the two forms represented vacillation on the function of Ilkorin a-affection, or an alternate primitive form ᴹ✶-ină where the final ă was lost before a-affection.

Alternately, -in could be a Doriathrin-specific variant, since the forms where it appears are all Doriathrin, while the forms where -en appear are marked Ilkorin, excepting only lómen which was itself revised from lómin.

Cognates

  • N. -en “adjective suffix”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶-ina “adjective”

Element in

Doriathrin [Ety/LAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

suffix. present suffix

Variations

  • ā ✧ PE22/130
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/095; PE22/130] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ya

suffix. adjectival suffix

Variations

  • -jā̆ ✧ PE21/59
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gal

root. shine

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gelion “bright” ✧ Ety/GYEL
  • ᴹ✶galyā “bright, light” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • N. gail “bright, light” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹ✶glā “radiance” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • N. glaw “radiance” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. galad “light” ✧ Ety/GAL

Element in

  • ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹

Variations

  • GAL ✧ Ety/GAL; Ety/GYEL; Ety/KAL (GAL)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GAL; Ety/GYEL; Ety/KAL; EtyAC/GAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il

root. all

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ilu “universe, world” ✧ Ety/IL
  • ᴹQ. ilúve “universe, world; Heaven” ✧ Ety/IL
  • ᴹQ. ilya “all, the whole” ✧ Ety/IL

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ilqa “everything, all” ✧ Ety/IL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/IL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kal

root. shine

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶akkala- “to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly” ✧ PE18/035; PE18/061
  • ᴹ√AKLA(R) “radiance, splendour” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; Ety/KAL
    • ᴹQ. alkar(e) “radiance, brilliance” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; PE18/036
    • ᴹQ. alka “ray of light, ray of light, [ᴱQ.] light of day; shining” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
    • N. aglar “glory, splendour” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; Ety/KAL; PE18/036
  • ᴹ✶gālæ “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • Ilk. gôl “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹ√KALAR “be radiant” ✧ Ety/KAL; PE18/036
    • ᴹ√AKLA(R) “radiance, splendour” ✧ PE18/036; PE18/062
    • ᴹQ. alkar(e) “radiance, brilliance” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; PE18/036
    • ᴹQ. alka “ray of light, ray of light, [ᴱQ.] light of day; shining” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
    • N. aglar “glory, splendour” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; Ety/KAL; PE18/036
    • ᴹ✶kalaryā “brilliant” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • N. celeir “brilliant” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • On. klōra “brilliant” ✧ PE18/036
    • N. claur “splendid; †splendour, glory” ✧ PE18/036
  • ᴹ✶kalrō “noble man, hero” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • ᴹQ. kallo “noble man, hero” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹ✶k’lā “light” ✧ Ety/KAL; PE18/038
    • ᴹQ. kala “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹ✶uklaina “wicked”
  • ᴹQ. kalina “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹQ. kalma “light, lamp” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹQ. kalta- “to (cause to) shine, light up, kindle (lamp etc.)” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹQ. kalya- “to illuminate” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. calad “light” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. calen “green, (orig.) bright-coloured” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. claur “splendid; †splendour, glory” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. uial “twilight” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

  • ᴹ✶lingikā̆la “Hanging-flame” ✧ Ety/KAL (lingikā̆la)
  • ᴹQ. Ankale “Radiant-one, Sun, (lit.) The Very Bright” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • ᴹQ. Kalamando “Light Mando” ✧ EtyAC/MAN (Kalamando)
  • ᴹQ. yúkale “twilight” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight” ✧ Ety/AY
  • N. Caleledh “*Light Elf” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. Celion “*Light Elf” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. Glingal “Hanging Flame” ✧ Ety/KAL
  • N. uial “twilight” ✧ Ety/YŪ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AKLA-R; Ety/AY; Ety/GAL; Ety/KAL; Ety/YŪ; EtyAC/GAL¹; EtyAC/GYEL; EtyAC/MAN; PE18/035; PE18/036; PE18/038; PE18/058; PE18/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sel(d)

root. child, child; *daughter

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, initially glossed “daughter” but later “child” with derivatives ᴹQ. selde, ᴹQ. seldo, ᴹQ. selda = female, male and neuter “child” (Ety/SEL-D). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 Tolkien gave sel-de “daughter” (PE17/170), while S. sel(l) = “daughter” appeared in both the King’s Letter from the late 1940s (SD/129) as well as the Túrin Wrapper from the 1950s (VT50/5). The diminutive form for “daughter” appeared as Q. selyë in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/10).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer √YEL for “daughter” as a variant of ᴹ√SEL(D) under the influence of √YON “son”, mostly so I can still use the 1930s “child” words for other genders, at least in the Quenya branch. I would still use Q. seldë and S. sell for “daughter”, however, with a bit of semantic drift, with “girl” words becoming Q. nettë and S. neth.

Derivatives

  • sel(dĕ) “*daughter”
    • Q. seldë “daughter, daughter; [ᴹQ.] child [f.], *girl”
    • S. sell “*daughter, daughter; [N.] †girl, maid”
  • ᴹQ. selda “child [n.]” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
  • ᴹQ. selde “child [f.]” ✧ Ety/SEL-D; Ety/SEL-D
  • ᴹQ. seldo “child, child [m.], *boy” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
  • N. sell “girl, maid” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
    • N. iell “daughter” ✧ Ety/SEL-D

Element in

  • ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde “Nightingale, (lit.) Daughter of Twilight” ✧ Ety/SEL-D; Ety/TIN
  • N. -iel “daughter; feminine suffix” ✧ EtyAC/YEL

Variations

  • SEL-D ✧ Ety/SEL-D (SEL-D); Ety/SEL-D; EtyAC/TIN
  • SEL ✧ Ety/TIN
  • SELD ✧ EtyAC/YEL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SEL-D; Ety/TIN; EtyAC/TIN; EtyAC/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

-a

suffix. genitive suffix

Cognates

  • Eq. -o “genitive ending” ✧ GG/10; GG/10

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ ✧ GG/10; GG/10
Gnomish [GG/10; GL/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-n

suffix. genitive suffix

Cognates

  • Eq. -n “genitive suffix” ✧ GG/10
  • Eq. -o “genitive ending” ✧ GG/10

-eg

suffix. adjectival suffix

-og

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • G. aistog “holy, revered, awful” ✧ GL/18
  • G. alepthog “fingered, having fingers”
  • G. feleg “equal” ✧ GL/34
  • G. bodruithog “thirsting for vengeance (for a particular act)” ✧ GL/23 (bodruithog)
  • G. crithog “circular” ✧ GL/27
  • G. cuilog “alive, lively” ✧ GL/27
  • G. cwiliog “bright-hued” ✧ GL/28
  • G. driog “valiant” ✧ GL/30
  • G. duileg “having power of flight, fledged” ✧ GL/31
  • G. durog “wooden” ✧ GL/31
  • G. eleg “other, else” ✧ GL/32
  • G. aithog “thorny” ✧ GL/18
  • G. ereg “alone, only” ✧ GL/33
  • G. fadrog “tiresome” ✧ GL/33
  • G. dairog “merry (of persons)” ✧ GL/29
  • G. glamog “loathsome” ✧ GL/39
  • G. golog “stinking” ✧ GL/41
  • G. grileg “ringed, hooped shape” ✧ GL/42
  • G. hadruithog “thirsting for vengeance” ✧ GL/47
  • G. flanthog “scornful” ✧ GL/35
  • G. fenog “venomous” ✧ GL/34
  • G. gwedhweg “meandering, twisting, winding, intricate” ✧ GL/46
  • G. elfeg “half” ✧ GL/32
  • G. gruithog “ferocious, mad with wrath” ✧ GL/42
  • G. âlog “of wood, wooden” ✧ GL/19
  • G. ufestog “breathless”

Variations

  • -eg ✧ GL/31 (-eg); GL/32 (-eg); GL/32 (-eg); GL/33 (-eg); GL/34 (-eg); GL/42 (-eg); GL/46 (-eg)
Gnomish [GL/18; GL/19; GL/23; GL/27; GL/28; GL/29; GL/30; GL/31; GL/32; GL/33; GL/34; GL/35; GL/39; GL/41; GL/42; GL/46; GL/47] Group: Eldamo. Published by

danoriol

adjective. daily

-(i)on

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • G. ailion “lake, pool” ✧ GL/17
  • G. agrecthion “despised” ✧ GL/27
  • G. alewthion “having fingers”
  • G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” ✧ GL/20
  • G. baron “from home, out, away, abroad” ✧ GL/21
  • G. carthion “complete, perfect” ✧ GL/25
  • G. far(o)n “separate, different, strange” ✧ GL/34
  • G. calon “grown (of plants), budd[ing], in blade (of corn)” ✧ GL/25
  • G. hebon “bound; (also) bounded, surrounded” ✧ GL/48
  • G. gwedhwion “bending, looping” ✧ GL/46
  • G. gwidhon “woven” ✧ GL/46
  • G. helon “frozen” ✧ GL/48
  • G. falon “naked” ✧ GL/33
  • G. gweron “spun, rounded, cylindrical” ✧ GL/46
  • G. furion “secret, concealed, hidden” ✧ GL/36

Variations

  • -ion ✧ GL/17 (-ion); GL/20 (-ion); GL/25 (-ion); GL/27 (-ion); GL/36 (-ion); GL/46 (-ion)
  • -on ✧ GL/21 (-on); GL/25 (-on); GL/33 (-on); GL/34 (-on); GL/46 (-on); GL/46 (-on); GL/48 (-on); GL/48 (-on)
Gnomish [GL/17; GL/20; GL/21; GL/25; GL/27; GL/33; GL/34; GL/36; GL/46; GL/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pui

noun. child

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “child” (GL/64), probably derived from the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

Derivations

Early Noldorin

-eb

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • En. aglareb “glorious” ✧ PE13/136; PE13/158
  • En. angeb “like iron” ✧ PE13/159
  • G. aitheb “sharp, piercing” ✧ PE13/108
  • En. glidheb “like honey”
Early Noldorin [PE13/108; PE13/136; PE13/158; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arn

noun. child, child, [G.] son

A word appearing as G. arn “son” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/20), also appearing with the same form and meaning in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, but with a new plural form eirn (PE13/110). The word reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s but there its gloss was changed from “son” to “child” (PE13/137). In the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s its only gloss was “child” (PE13/160). There is no sign of this word thereafter.

Changes

  • arnarn “son” ✧ PE13/137

Cognates

  • Eq. ar “child” ✧ PE13/160
  • Et. ar “child” ✧ PE13/160
Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

ar

noun. child

Cognates

  • En. arn “child, child, [G.] son” ✧ PE13/160
Solosimpi [PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

kṇðṇ

root. shine

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√KṆŘṆ “shine” with derivatives in both Qenya and Gnomish, such as ᴱQ. kanda- “blaze”, G. cintha- “to light, set alight”, ᴱQ. kanwa “lurid”, and G. cantha “flame” (QL/47; GL/25-26). It may be a variant of ᴱ√KṚN “✱red” (QL/48). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶kṇdōrā́
    • ᴱ✶kṇ́dṑra
    • Eq. kandóra “bright dawn, red sky in morning” ✧ PE12/006
    • Eq. kandóra “bright dawn, red sky in morning” ✧ PE12/005
  • Eq. kanwa “lurid” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. kanda- “to blaze” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. kandóra “bright dawn, red sky in morning” ✧ PME/047; QL/047
  • G. cintha- “to light, set alight”

Element in

Variations

  • KṆŘṆ ✧ PME/047; QL/047
  • kṇřṇ ✧ QL/044
Early Primitive Elvish [PME/047; QL/044; QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kṇřṇ

root. shine

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • Eq. aistalea “worshipful” ✧ QL/034
  • Eq. alasta “of marble, marble” ✧ QL/030
  • Eq. aldea “tree-shadowed”
  • Eq. atempa “(strong) dislike” ✧ QL/090
  • Eq. auqa “awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult” ✧ QL/033
  • Eq. aurea “sunny, sunlit” ✧ QL/033
  • Eq. avíka “very much alike”
  • Eq. assea “bony”
  • Eq. talqea “glassy” ✧ QL/088
  • Eq. kityalea “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. koirea “alive, lively” ✧ QL/048
  • Eq. talanda “burdened, weighed down, sad” ✧ QL/088
  • Eq. fanórea “absent-minded” ✧ QL/037
  • Eq. ekkia “thorny” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. eressea “lonely”
  • Eq. pómea “northern” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. hatsea “rushing, rapid” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. helinillea “*violet [colour]” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. órea “of the dawn, Eastern” ✧ QL/070
  • Eq. illia “in multitudes” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. isqalea “clever” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. kaimassea “confined to bed, a-bed, bedridden” ✧ PE14/079
  • Eq. karneambara “*red-breasted” ✧ QL/048
  • Eq. kiryassea “what is on board ship” ✧ PE14/047
  • Eq. kómea “globe-shaped, round” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. kotsia “nutty” ✧ QL/048
  • Eq. kulmarinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
  • Eq. kulurinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
  • Eq. lassea “with leaves, leafy” ✧ QL/051
  • Eq. latukenda “of tin” ✧ QL/051
  • Eq. laumea “dark, stormy” ✧ QL/051
  • Eq. laurea “golden” ✧ PE15/73
  • Eq. lempea “half” ✧ PE14/051
  • Eq. limpalassea “much roaring” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. lindelea “melodious” ✧ QL/054
  • Eq. lindea “singing, *musical” ✧ QL/054
  • Eq. lindórea “singing at dawn (esp. of birds)” ✧ QL/054
  • Eq. líneneldora “having many beeches” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. linqea “watery” ✧ QL/054
  • Eq. lintasarindea “having many willows” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. lintuilinda “many-swallows of autumn” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. lintuilindórea “of autumn; when many swallows congregate and sing at dawn”
  • Eq. lintyulussea “having many poplars” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. liqistea “transparent” ✧ QL/054
  • Eq. listea “full of grace, blessed” ✧ QL/055
  • Eq. lómea “*gloomy”
  • Eq. lómina “shadowy” ✧ QL/055
  • Eq. lótea “full of blossom” ✧ QL/056
  • Eq. lotórea “flourishing” ✧ QL/055
  • Eq. luina “ago” ✧ QL/056
  • Eq. lúlea “sapphirine” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. lúmia “pertaining to time, temporal” ✧ QL/056
  • Eq. lúrea “overcast, dark [of weather]” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. maqalea “handy, skilled (with hands)” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. Makarnea “Red-handed”
  • Eq. maksilistea “powerful, having possession of or authority over” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. malikondea “of amber” ✧ QL/058
  • Eq. lempea “decimal” ✧ QL/052
  • Eq. melitsa “beloved, favourite” ✧ QL/060
  • Eq. mirmila “rippling” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. mulda “powdery” ✧ QL/063
  • Eq. murmea “slumbrous” ✧ QL/063
  • Eq. naikelea “agonizing” ✧ QL/065
  • Eq. narka “snappy, ill-tempered” ✧ QL/064
  • Eq. násea “loathsome” ✧ QL/064
  • Eq. niqissea “snowy” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. nardilea “perfumed” ✧ QL/068
  • Eq. nornea “of oak” ✧ QL/067
  • Eq. kaurea “timid”
  • Eq. númea “in the west, western” ✧ QL/068
  • Eq. nyenya “querulous, tearful, plaintive” ✧ QL/069
  • Eq. olórea “dreamy, dreamlike” ✧ QL/069
  • Eq. palassea “foaming (of the sea)” ✧ QL/072
  • Eq. pampil(e)a “tremulous” ✧ QL/072
  • Eq. pirindea “cylindrical” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. pirúk(end)ea “pirouetting, whirling lightly” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. pínea “small” ✧ QL/073
  • Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. málea “able” ✧ PE15/67
  • Eq. qentea “verbal” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. qim(en)ea “womanly, feminine” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. qirqirinda “murmuring” ✧ QL/078
  • Eq. qalmea “deathly” ✧ QL/076
  • Eq. qalúmea “deadly” ✧ QL/076
  • Eq. qámea “sick” ✧ QL/076
  • Eq. qilda “quiet, hushed, still” ✧ QL/078
  • Eq. qilea “coloured, -hued” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. qínea “squeaking” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. qinqelea “languorous” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. werelinda “twirling, pirouetting” ✧ QL/103
  • Eq. mírea “smiling” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. raustea “of prey” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. asampe(a) “cavernous”
  • Eq. rua “steady, still, tranquil” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. saikelea “famished” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. salamba “twanging, throbbing, resounding, echoing” ✧ QL/081
  • Eq. saminda “silken” ✧ QL/081
  • Eq. silmea “*of the moon” ✧ QL/056
  • Eq. silqeléna “having tresses” ✧ QL/083
  • Eq. silqelossea “with hair like white flowers” ✧ PE16/100
  • Eq. siliq(in)a “flinty” ✧ QL/083
  • Eq. loimea “thirsty” ✧ QL/056
  • Eq. sunqelea “westering, setting” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. susúlima “full of wind, windy, airy” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. telerea “elfin” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. telella “elfin” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. telúmea “final, conclusive, end; last; extreme” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. telpea “silvern” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. telusta “outer, extreme, ultimate” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. tendilea “feeling; sentimental” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. tilwínea “shining” ✧ QL/092
  • Eq. timpina “fine, powdered, sprayed” ✧ QL/092
  • Eq. timpínea “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)” ✧ QL/092
  • Eq. tiqilindea “thawing, slushy” ✧ QL/092
  • Eq. tólea “central, middle” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. túrea “mighty” ✧ QL/095
  • Eq. turinda “royal, of the ruling dynasty; in power” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. turinqia “royal, Queenly” ✧ QL/096 (turinqia)
  • Eq. ulwea “alder-grown” ✧ QL/097
  • Eq. valdea “of moment, important” ✧ QL/102
  • Eq. valkea “cutting, sharp” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. vanest(e)a “beautious” ✧ QL/099
  • Eq. vea “similar, like” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. wilwarinda “butterflylike”
  • Eq. waliemba “tropical” ✧ QL/103
  • Eq. yarendila “like a sailor” ✧ QL/105

Variations

  • -ea ✧ QL/074 (-ea); QL/075 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/091 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea)
Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/051; PE14/079; PE15/67; PE15/73; PE16/100; QL/030; QL/033; QL/034; QL/035; QL/037; QL/039; QL/042; QL/043; QL/047; QL/048; QL/049; QL/051; QL/052; QL/053; QL/054; QL/055; QL/056; QL/057; QL/058; QL/060; QL/061; QL/063; QL/064; QL/065; QL/066; QL/067; QL/068; QL/069; QL/070; QL/072; QL/073; QL/074; QL/075; QL/076; QL/077; QL/078; QL/079; QL/080; QL/081; QL/082; QL/083; QL/086; QL/087; QL/088; QL/090; QL/091; QL/092; QL/094; QL/095; QL/096; QL/097; QL/099; QL/101; QL/102; QL/103; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ea

suffix. adjectival suffix

-ra

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • Eq. alkara “brilliant, bright, shining” ✧ QL/030
  • Eq. karkara “toothed” ✧ QL/048
  • Eq. diéra “yesterday’s; (mostly in sense) bygone, over, passed” ✧ QL/105
  • Eq. núora “tomorrow’s, to be; future” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. panyara “?setting”
  • Eq. tanta(ra) “bouncing, resilient” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. tessara “maiden, maidenly” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. oara “of wool” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. úsiéra “*escaped”
Early Quenya [QL/030; QL/048; QL/066; QL/071; QL/091; QL/094; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-va

suffix. adjectival

Element in

  • Eq. alaswa “like marble” ✧ QL/030
  • Eq. alluva “clean” ✧ QL/030
  • Eq. turinwa “kingly, royal” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. aswa “of bone” ✧ QL/033
  • Eq. kalleva “fair (weather or complexion)” ✧ QL/044
  • Eq. kanuva “leaden” ✧ QL/044
  • Eq. qeluva “original” ✧ QL/076
  • Eq. lausiva “living (of plants)” ✧ QL/052
  • Eq. kóleva “passive” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. fandelúva “monstrous” ✧ QL/038; QL/038
  • Eq. fanóriva “absent-minded” ✧ QL/037
  • Eq. anúva “doughty” ✧ QL/031
  • Eq. (h)áva “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/054
  • Eq. helinwa “of pansies; (of colour) a blue-violet” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. (h)íva “*her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/054
  • Eq. henuva “venomous, poisonous” ✧ QL/040
  • Eq. haranwa “fleshly, carnal” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. sarkuva “corporeal, bodily” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. huiva “murky” ✧ QL/041
  • Eq. (h)úva “*his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/054
  • Eq. ilimba “milky” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. kenyeva “sharp (of points)” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. koisiva “animal, bodily” ✧ QL/048
  • Eq. larúva “greasy” ✧ QL/051
  • Eq. lenuva “tight, narrow” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. kuluva “of gold” ✧ QL/049
  • Eq. -matwa “*-eating”
  • Eq. mekilwa “central” ✧ QL/060
  • Eq. mirúva “like wine, winy” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. móriva “nocturnal” ✧ QL/062
  • Eq. naiqa “painful” ✧ QL/065
  • Eq. Noldorinwa “Goblin; Gnomish” ✧ QL/067
  • Eq. noldova “belonging to gnomes” ✧ QL/067
  • Eq. notsiva “drizzling” ✧ QL/068
  • Eq. oiswa “poor” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. paluva “even, flat, level” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. perenwa “continual, enduring, unceasing” ✧ QL/073
  • Eq. qolúva “pestilent, pestilential” ✧ QL/078
  • Eq. saratwa “made of planks” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. singwa “salt” ✧ QL/083
  • Eq. sovalwa “cleansing” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. terenwa “shapely, well tuned” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. tereva “sharp, piercing, shrill; acute (pain)” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. turúva “wooden” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. urúva “like fire” ✧ QL/098
  • Eq. vílyava “airy” ✧ PE15/68 (vílyava)
  • Eq. vóriva “like fur” ✧ QL/102
  • Eq. voruva “age long” ✧ QL/102
  • Eq. yerenwa “like iron” ✧ QL/105

Variations

  • -uva ✧ PE14/079
  • -wa ✧ QL/030 (-wa); QL/033 (-wa); QL/038 (-wa); QL/039 (-wa); QL/039 (-wa); QL/060 (-wa); QL/065 (-wa); QL/067 (-wa); QL/071 (-wa); QL/073 (-wa); QL/082 (-wa); QL/083 (-wa); QL/086 (-wa); QL/091 (-wa); QL/096 (-wa); QL/105 (-wa)
  • -ba ✧ QL/042 (-ba)
Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/054; PE14/079; PE15/68; QL/030; QL/031; QL/033; QL/037; QL/038; QL/039; QL/040; QL/041; QL/042; QL/044; QL/046; QL/047; QL/048; QL/049; QL/051; QL/052; QL/053; QL/060; QL/061; QL/062; QL/065; QL/067; QL/068; QL/071; QL/073; QL/076; QL/078; QL/082; QL/083; QL/086; QL/091; QL/096; QL/098; QL/102; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ina

suffix. adjectival suffix

Element in

  • Eq. angaina “of iron” ✧ QL/031
  • Eq. aksina “steel” ✧ PE15/77
  • Eq. yaksina “of steel” ✧ QL/105
  • Eq. kalassina “brazen” ✧ QL/044
  • Eq. talqina “made of glass” ✧ QL/088
  • Eq. kanuina “of lead” ✧ QL/044
  • Eq. karina “finished” ✧ QL/045
  • Eq. kólemaina “patient” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. tirtina “divided, shared, distributed” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. anaina “womanly” ✧ QL/031 (-na)
  • Eq. itisin “itching” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. kaina “done, actual, real” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. kuluina “golden”
  • Eq. latsina “level, smooth”
  • Eq. laurina “golden” ✧ QL/051
  • Eq. lúsina “warm, glowing (of things); affectionate, hearty (of people)” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. lúvin(a) “dark, overcast” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. malina “yellow” ✧ QL/058
  • Eq. -noina “adjective suffix”
  • Eq. pimpina “trailing” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. polina “oaten” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. potsina “rearward, back, rear, hinder; next, following; second” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. rimp(in)a “striped” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rúvina “burst” ✧ QL/081
  • Eq. salistina “blessed” ✧ QL/081
  • Eq. silína “shimmering” ✧ QL/083
  • Eq. siltina “winnowed” ✧ QL/084
  • Eq. sistina “ulcerated, sore” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sitsina “habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common” ✧ QL/084
  • Eq. suksina “resinous” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sunqelaina “falling, fading, setting” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. talarin “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/088
  • Eq. tarqin(a) “salted, dried; salt meat” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. telpina “of silver” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. tiltin “slanting” ✧ QL/093
  • Eq. sinqina “metallic” ✧ QL/083
  • Eq. torina “baked, done” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. tambina “of copper” ✧ QL/088
  • Eq. vórina “of fur” ✧ QL/102

Variations

  • -INA ✧ QL/031 (-INA)
  • -na ✧ QL/031 (-na); QL/102 (-na)
  • -in ✧ QL/043 (-in); QL/088 (-in); QL/093 (-in)
Early Quenya [PE15/77; QL/031; QL/043; QL/044; QL/045; QL/047; QL/051; QL/057; QL/058; QL/074; QL/075; QL/080; QL/081; QL/083; QL/084; QL/086; QL/087; QL/088; QL/091; QL/093; QL/094; QL/102; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-n

suffix. genitive suffix

Cognates

  • G. -n “genitive suffix” ✧ GG/10

Element in

Variations

  • -n ✧ GG/10
  • na ✧ PE16/146
Early Quenya [GG/10; PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar

noun. child

Cognates

  • En. arn “child, child, [G.] son” ✧ PE13/160

Element in

  • Eq. aris “daughter, maid” ✧ QL/032
  • Eq. kalmar “child of light”
  • Eq. Lómear “Child of Gloom”

Variations

  • arne ✧ PE13/160
  • ar ✧ PE16/135; QL/032
Early Quenya [PE13/160; PE16/135; PME/032; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arne

noun. child

hil(de)

noun. child

Cognates

  • G. hiltha “youth (more often masculine)” ✧ GL/49

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶χilþē “youth” ✧ GL/49
    • ᴱ√HILI “*youth, offspring” ✧ GL/49
  • ᴱ√HILI “*youth, offspring” ✧ QL/040

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶χilþē > hilde[xilθē] > [xilθe] > [xilðe] > [xilde] > [hilde]✧ GL/49
ᴱ√HIL > hil[xil] > [hil]✧ QL/040

Variations

  • hilde ✧ GL/49; PME/040; QL/040
  • hil ✧ QL/040
Early Quenya [GL/49; PME/040; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by