Primitive elvish

bar

root. [ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)

The root ᴹ√BAR appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where its original sense was probably “raise” but the basic root gained the added sense of “uplift, save, rescue” (Ety/BAR). The basic root included derivatives like ᴹQ. varna “safe” and ᴹQ. varya-/N. beria- “to protect”. But it seems it also had several extensions as in ᴹ√BARAD or ᴹ√BARATH with the meaning “lofty, sublime” and ᴹ√BARAT which was the basis for the word N. barad “tower” (Ety/BARAD, BARAT, BARATH).

Tolkien mentioned this set of extended roots in later writings (date unclear, but probably the late 1950s or early 1960s) along with a fourth extension √BARAS, all having to do with “great height combined with strength, size, majesty” (PE17/22-23). √BARAT was still the basis for S. barad “tower”. The roots √BARAD and √BARATH were respectively the basis for Q. Varda and S. Elbereth (< Elen-barathī) as they had been in the 1930s. The new root √BARAS had derivatives tied to cliffs, as opposed to the 1930s where ᴹ√BARAS was an (unrelated) root having to do with heat (Ety/BARAS).

There was no mention of the base root √BAR in later writings, so it is unclear whether it retained the meaning “save”. In addition, there were certain phonological problems in the derivation of Elbereth from √BARATH in Sindarin that were not present in Noldorin (where frequently ei > e in polysyllables), and this word may have been transferred to the root √BER “marry”; see the entry on Elbereth for further details.

Derivatives

  • BARAD “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty”
    • Baradā “Varda” ✧ PE17/022
    • Ad. Avradî “*Varda”
    • Q. Varda “Exalted, Lofty, Sublime” ✧ PE17/022
    • Q. varanda “sublime” ✧ PE17/022
    • Q. Varda “Exalted, Lofty, Sublime” ✧ PE17/022
    • ᴺS. bardha- “to rule, reign”
  • BARAS “height combined with strength/majesty”
    • ᴺQ. varassë “cliff”
    • S. avras “precipice” ✧ PE17/022
    • S. brass “great cliff” ✧ PE17/022
    • S. brasta- “to tower up, loom” ✧ PE17/022
  • BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty”
    • Q. marto “tower” ✧ PE17/066
    • S. barad “tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/065; PE17/066
    • S. brand “towering; tall and massive, towering, tall and massive, [N.] high; lofty, noble, fine” ✧ PE17/022
    • S. brand “steeple” ✧ PE17/022
  • BARATH “height combined with strength/size/majesty”
    • barathī “queen” ✧ PE17/022
    • Q. Varsi ✧ PE17/023
    • S. bereth “queen, spouse; supreme, sublime” ✧ PE17/023
    • S. brethil “silver birch, silver-birch; [N.] beech” ✧ PE17/022
  • ᴺQ. varno “protector, guard”

Element in

  • BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/150
Primitive elvish [PE17/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ṃbar

noun. ṃbar

Derivations

  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”

Derivatives

  • Q. umbar “fate, doom, curse” ✧ PE17/104; PE17/104
  • Os. ambar “fate, doom” ✧ PE17/104

Variations

  • ṃbară ✧ PE17/104
Primitive elvish [PE17/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

árātō

noun. lord

Derivations

  • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118

Derivatives

  • Q. aráto “champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king” ✧ PE17/118
Primitive elvish [PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stama-

verb. bar, exclude

Element in

Primitive elvish [UT/282] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndē̆r

noun. man

Derivations

  • N(D)ER “male (person), man”

Derivatives

  • S. dîr “man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix”
Primitive elvish [PE19/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by