airen
noun. sea
airë
sea
airë
noun. sea
An archaic word for “sea” which fell out of use to due conflict with “holy” words like aira or airë; it was a noun form of primitive ✶gaı̯ră (PE17/27). The more common modern word for “sea” is ëar.
Conceptual Development: ᴹQ. aire “sea” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√AYAR (Ety/AY); it appeared beside a form ᴹQ. airen that might be a genitive form, or might be a longer form; see the entry on ᴹQ. airon for discussion.
Cognates
- S. gaear “sea” ✧ PE17/027
Derivations
Element in
- Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/027
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶gaı̯ră > aire [gaira] > [ɣaira] > [aira] ✧ PE17/027 Variations
- aire ✧ PE17/027 (aire)
váya
sea
váya noun "sea" (considered as "waters, motion"). The wording of the source indicates that Tolkien only tentatively considered such a word (PE17:33)
vëa
sea
vëa (3) noun "sea" (MC:213, 214, 216; possibly obsoleted by #1 and #2 above, though some argue that the initial element of the late names Vëantur and Vëandur [q.v.] could be vëa #3 rather than #2 (it can hardly be #1) . In any case, the normal word for "sea" in LotR-style Quenya seems to be ëar.) Inflected vëan "sea" (MC:220), vëar "in sea" (a "Qenya" locative in -r, MC:213), vëassë "on sea" (MC:220). Cf. also vëaciryo.
ëar
sea
ëar noun "sea" (AYAR/AIR [gives also dat. sg. ëaren],WJ:413; see Letters:386 for etymology). Not to be confused with the pl. form of the verb ëa "be, exist". Pl. ëari "seas" (FS, LR:47); Eär "the Great Sea" (cf. ëaron "ocean"), ablative Eärello "from the Great Sea", et Eärello "out of the Great Sea" (EO). Eärë noun "the open sea" (SD:305). Compound ëaruilë noun "seaweed" (UY). Found in proper names like Eärendil "Sea-friend", Eärendur masc. name, *"Sea-servant"; in effect a variant of Eärendil(Appendix A). Eärendur was also used ="(professional) mariner" (Letters:386).Fem. name Eärwen "Sea-maiden" (Silm); Eärrámë "Sea-wing", "Wings of the Sea", name of Tuor's ship (RAM, AYAR/AIR, SA)
ëar
noun. sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water
The most common Quenya word for “sea”, derived from the root √GAYAR (or sometimes √AYAR), where the vowel combination was the result of the frequent Quenya sound change whereby aya > ëa.
Conceptual Development: As an element in the name ᴱQ. Earendel, this word first appeared as ᴱQ. ea or ᴱQ. earen “eagle” (QL/34). But by the 1940s Tolkien changed the form and meaning of this name to ᴹQ. Earendil “Friend of the Sea” (SD/237), and the word ᴹQ. ear “sea” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√AYAR (Ety/AY). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s it had the form eare and the gloss “open sea” (SD/241, 305). The first appearance of the “sea” meaning of this word seems to be in a word-list associated with the Ambarkanta “Shape of the World” from the early 1930s, where ear had the glosses “water, sea” (SM/241), though in later writings only “sea” remained.
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Eälótë “*Sea Flower”
- Q. Eämbar “Sea-dwelling”
- Q. ëar amortala “the seas heaving” ✧ MC/222
- Q. ëar-celumessen “in the flowing sea” ✧ MC/222
- ᴺQ. ëarel “starfish, (lit.) sea-star”
- Q. ëaren “ocean, great sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363
- Q. Eärendil “Lover of the Sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; RGEO/65; SA/ëar
- Q. Eärendur “Mariner, *(lit.) Servant of the Sea”
- Q. ëarendur “(professional) mariner, *(lit.) servant of the sea”
- Q. ëar falastala “the sea surging” ✧ MC/222
- ᴺQ. ëarina “of the sea”
- Q. Eärnil “*Lover of the Sea”
- Q. Eärnur “*Servant of the Sea”
- ᴺQ. ëarra “seal, sea lion”
- Q. Eärrámë “Sea-wing” ✧ SA/ëar
- ᴺQ. ëarsil “pearl, (lit.) sea-sheen”
- ᴺQ. ëassar “pearl, (lit.) sea-pebble/stone”
- Q. Eärwen “*Sea-maiden”
- Q. et Eärello Endorenna utúlien “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth I am come” ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √AYAR > ëar [ajar] > [ear] ✧ Let/386 √GAY(AR) > ëar [gajar] > [ɣajar] > [ɣear] > [ear] ✧ PE17/027 ✶Gayar- > Eär [gajar] > [ɣajar] > [ɣear] > [ear] ✧ PM/363 ✶gayār > ëar [gajār] > [ɣajār] > [ɣear] > [ear] ✧ WJ/400 Variations
- Eär ✧ PM/363; PMI/Eär
- eär ✧ WJ/413
airon
ocean
airon noun "ocean" (PE17:27). Also ëaron, q.v.
airon
noun. ocean
An (archaic) word for “ocean”, an augmentative form of airë mentioned in a couple of later notes (PE17/27, 149). A more modern form is ëaron.
Conceptual Development: The form ᴹQ. airen appeared in parenthesis beside ᴹQ. aire “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/AY). Helge Fauskanger suggested that it might be a genitive form (QQ/airë), but in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s, aire “sea” >> airen (PE22/23 note #70), suggesting it is an alternate (augmentative?) form. If so, it is probably a precursor to airon.
Cognates
- S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶airō > airon [airon] ✧ PE17/149
waya
noun. ocean
ëaron
ocean
ëaron noun "ocean" (PE17:27), also airon. Cf. ëar.
váya
noun. ocean, sea, ocean, [stormy] sea
A word in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 that Tolkien described as “used of sea (as waters, motion)”, a derivative of √WAYA “blow, or be disturbed” (PE17/33). This note was crossed through, but a similar note appeared afterwards with a (archaic?) word waya “ocean” (PE17/34).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, Tolkien had ᴱQ. Vai “Outer Ocean” (LT1/85), a word that also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about” (QL/100). The word ᴱQ. vea “sea” appeared in a number of poems Tolkien wrote in the late 1920s (MC/213-214, 216, 220; numerous references in PE16). ᴹQ. vea “sea” also appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ✶vaı̯ā (PE21/8, 17), and as an element in the name ᴹQ. Veaneldar “Sea-elves” from the 1930s and possibly Q. Vëantur, a name in later writings for a ship captain in Númenor (UT/171).
In Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s Tolkien used ᴹQ. Vaiya for “Enfolding Ocean” (SM/236) or “Outer Sea” (LR/209). This word was mentioned in The Etymologies as wai(y)a/vai(y)a “envelope” that was used “especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar”, a derivative of ᴹ√WAY “enfold” (Ety/WAY). In the Ambarkanta of early 1930s Tolkien likewise said that the ordinary meaning vaiya was “fold, envelope”, meaning “Outer Sea” when used as a proper name (SM/241). In Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, the similar word váya/waya was given a new etymology from the root √WAYA “blow” rather than “enfold” as noted above, along with other derivatives having to do with “wind” (PE17/33-34).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think the form váya is the best form, and given its derivation from the root for “wind”, I think it refers mainly to rough or stormy seas. The name Vëantur may contained a reduced form of this word.
Derivations
- √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √WAYA > váya [wāja] > [βāja] > [vāja] ✧ PE17/033 √WAYA > waya [wāja] > [βāja] > [vāja] ✧ PE17/034 Variations
- waya ✧ PE17/034
Vëandur
vigorous servant
Vëandur, masc. name (PM:191), either "Vigorous servant" or "Sea-servant" (= mariner; compare ëarendur, etymologically very similar if the Qenya form vëa "sea" was maintained in later Quenya). See vëa #1 and 2 and compare Vëantur.
Vëantur
vigorous lord
Vëantur, masc. name (UT:171), either "Vigorous lord" or "Sea-lord" (see vëa #1 and 2; those who prefer the translation *"Sea-lord" see this name as evidence that Tolkien maintained the Qenya noun vëa "sea" in later Quenya). Compare Vëandur.
solossë
surf, surge
solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also solor
áya
awe
áya noun "awe" (PM:363)
áya
noun. awe
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶gāyā > áya [gājā] > [ɣājā] > [ājā] > [āja] ✧ PM/363
solor
surf
solor noun "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266)
aear
noun. sea
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aear
Sea
aear
noun. sea
aer
noun. sea
gaear
noun. sea
gaear
Sea
gaear
noun. sea
A word for “sea” variously attested as gaear (PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400), gaer (PE17/27; PE17/149), and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) in later writings. Of these, I prefer gaear for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reduced to gaer in compounds.
Possible Etymology: The presence or absence of the initial g- depends on whether the word’s root is √AY(AR) (as it appears in The Etymologies and some later writings) or √GAY(AR) (as it appears in other later writings). See the entry of the root √GAY(AR) for a discussion of this vacillation. Similarly, the form gaer appears primarily as an element in compounds, and can be explained as a reduced form of gaear in that context. For these reasons, this entry uses gaear as the ordinary Sindarin word for “sea”. This has the additional advantage of disambiguating it from the adjective gaer “dreadful”.
Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. oer or oear “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, reflecting the Noldorin sound change of ai to oe (Ety/AY). However name for the “Great Sea” was N. {Belegar >>} Belegaer in the narratives of this period (LR/19), and the name N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” appeared in draft Lord of the Rings maps from 1943 (TI/307). The element N. oer did appear in the day-of-the-week name N. Aroeren “✱Sea-day” in drafts of The Lord of the Rings appendices, but this was revised to S. Oraeron (PM/130, 138).
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- S. Aerandir “Sea-wanderer”
- S. Belegaer “Great Sea” ✧ PM/363; SA/ëar; SA/gaer
- S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; PM/363; RGEO/65
- S. Gaerdil “*Sea-lover” ✧ PE17/027
- ᴺS. gaeruil “seaweed”
- S. Gaerys “Ossë” ✧ SA/gaer
- ᴺS. gaessarn “pearl, (lit.) sea-pebble”
- S. nef aear, sí nef aearon “here ... beyond the Sea, beyond the wide and sundering Sea” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/027; RGEO/63; RGEO/64
- S. Tirith Aear “Sea-ward Tower”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶gaı̯ră > gaer [gaira] > [gair] > [gaer] ✧ PE17/027 ✶Gayar- > gaear [gaiara] > [gaiar] > [gaear] ✧ PM/363 Variations
- aear ✧ Let/386; RGEO/65
- gaer ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; SA/ëar; SA/gaer
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
Sea
gaer
noun. sea
aearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear
belegaer
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear
gaer
ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaeron
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
aearon
noun. great sea, ocean
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
gaearon
noun. great sea, ocean
anwar
noun. awe
anwar
noun. awe
Element in
- S. Amon Anwar “Hill of Awe” ✧ UT/301
- ᴺS. enweria- “to revere”
Variations
- Anwar ✧ UT/301; UTI/Anwar
gaeron
noun. great sea, ocean
aear
sea
aear (ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i **aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i **aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
sea
(ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i ’aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i ’aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
ocean
aear (sea), pl. aeair.
aear
ocean
(sea), pl. aeair.
gaear
ocean
gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).
gaear
ocean
(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).
gaearon
great ocean
(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.
anwar
awe
anwar (pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
anwar
awe
(pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
falas
surf, line of
(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)
azra
noun. sea
The Adûnaic word for “sea” (SD/429), appearing as azar in some early texts (SD/305). It is fully declined on SD/431.
Element in
- Ad. azra-zâin “sea-lands, maritime regions” ✧ SD/429; SD/435
- Ad. azrîya du-phursâ akhâsada “that [the] seas should gush into [the] chasm” ✧ SD/247
- Ad. azrē nai {phurusam >>} phurrusim akhās-ada “seas might-flow Chasm-into” ✧ SD/311
- Ad. Azrubêl “Sea-lover, Friend of the Sea” ✧ PM/373; SD/305; SD/429
Variations
- azar ✧ PM/373; SD/305
pharaz
noun. sea
A draft word for “sea”, deleted and replaced with azar (SD/305), which later become azra. This word reappeared later with a different meaning: pharaz “gold”.
Changes
pharaz→ azar “sea” ✧ SD/305Element in
- Ad.
Pharazîr“Sea-lover” ✧ SD/305 (Pharazîr*)Variations
pharaz✧ SD/305 (pharaz)
ay(ar)
root. sea
Changes
AY(AR)→ GAY(AR) ✧ PE17/027Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- AYAR ✧ Let/386; PE18/097
- AYA(R) ✧ PE17/149; PE17/160
airō
noun. ocean
Changes
airē→ airō ✧ PE17/149Derivations
Derivatives
- Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
Variations
- airē ✧ PE17/149 (
airē)- air- ✧ PE18/097
gayār
noun. sea, the terrifier
Derivations
- √GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400
Derivatives
Variations
- gaı̯ră ✧ PE17/027
- ajar ✧ PE21/71
- Gayar- ✧ PM/363
gay(ar)
root. awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea
In Tolkien’s later writings, the root for Elvish “sea” words seems to be √GAY(AR) or √AY(AR). The first hints of this root may be words from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s: G. ail/ᴱQ. ailo “lake, pool” and G. ailion/ᴱQ. ailin “lake” (GL/17), perhaps indicating a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√AYA(LA) “lake”. The last of these Early Qenya words also appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, but Tolkien gave its root only as “?” (QL/29). This early root might also be the basis for 1920s ᴱQ. ailin “shore” which appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213).
The word ᴹQ. ailin “pool, lake” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AY, with its Noldorin form N. oel reflecting Noldorin rather than Gnomish phonology (Ety/AY). This root had an extended form ᴹ√AYAR “sea” from which Tolkien derived ᴹQ. ear and N. oer of the same meaning; among other things this extended root was the basis for a new etymology for the name ᴹQ. Earendil as “Friend of the Sea” used from the 1940s and forward (SD/241, 305); in earlier writings ᴱQ. Earendel was connected to ᴱQ. earen “(young) eagle” (QL/34).
The root √AY(AR) “sea” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, for example in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from around 1950 (TQ2: PE18/97). However, Tolkien also considered alternate derivations of “sea” words from a new root √GAY(AR), for example changing √AY(AR) >> √GAY(AR) in etymological notes written between the 1st and 2nd editions of The Lord of the Rings (PE17/27). As opposed to √AY(AR) which meant simply “sea”, Tolkien also glossed √GAY(AR) as “astound, make aghast” (WJ/400) or “awe, dread” (PM/363) and it was the basis for other words such as S. gaer “awful, fearful” (WJ/400) as well as S. goe “terror, great fear”, Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire” and Q. aira “holy, sanctified” (PM/363). In this sense √GAYA may have been a replacement or a variant of √AYA(N) “blessed”.
Tolkien seems to have been unable to make up his mind between these two derivations, as reflected in an ongoing vacillation between S. gaear (PE17/27; PM/363; WJ/400) and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) as the Sindarin word for “sea”. This word appeared in The Lord of the Rings in the phrase nef aear, sí nef aearon “here beyond the Sea, beyond the wide and sundering Sea”, but that does not resolve the question as the word in this phrase seems to be lenited, and hence would lose its initial g (if any). This vacillation continued late into Tolkien’s life: in the published corpus Tolkien derived “sea” words from √AYAR “sea” in a letter from 1967 (Let/386) and √GAYA “awe, dread” in The Shibboleth of Fëanor written in 1968 (PE/363).
Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin writing, I think it is best to use √GAY(AR) as the form for this root, though admittedly this does create problems for the etymologies of Q. ailin and S. ael “lake” (these would need to lean more heavily on their second ancient element: √LIN “pool”). It is not clear whether Tolkien always intended √GAY(AR) “awe, dread” and √AYA(N) “blessed” to coexist, though he did at least some of the time (for example on PE17/149). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin writing, I think it is best to assume they did coexist, with √AYA serving as the basis for “holy” words like Q. aira/S. aer “holy” and Q. Ainu, whereas √GAYA could serve as the basis for “awe, dread” words like Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire” and S. goe “terror, great fear”. Q. ëar/S. gaear “sea” would fall into the second group as a thing inspiring awe.
Derivatives
- ✶airō “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
- Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
- ✶gairā “awful, fearful” ✧ WJ/400
- S. gaer “awful, fearful, awful, fearful, [N.] dreadful” ✧ WJ/400
- ✶gāyā “terror, great fear” ✧ PM/363
- ✶gayakā “*fell, terrible, dire” ✧ PM/363
- Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire, fell, terrible, dire; [ᴹQ.] sharp” ✧ PM/363
- ✶gayār “sea, the terrifier” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400
- Q. aira “holy, sanctified, holy, sanctified, [ᴱQ.] worshipful” ✧ PM/363
- Q. airë “holy; sanctity, holiness” ✧ PM/363
- ᴺQ. aita- “to astound, surprise, shock, (orig.) make aghast”
- Q. ëar “sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water” ✧ PE17/027
- S. gaear “sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; SA/gaer
- ᴺS. gaeda- “to astound, make aghast (& surprise, shock)”
Element in
Variations
- GAYA ✧ PE17/149; PM/363
- gaya ✧ SA/gaer
- gay- ✧ WJ/400
aer
noun. sea
oear
noun. sea
oear
noun. sea
oer
noun. sea
oer
noun. sea
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY; Ety/AY; Ety/UY
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁYAR > oear [ajar] > [aiar] > [oear] ✧ Ety/AY ᴹ√AI̯R > oer [ajr] > [air] > [oer] ✧ Ety/AY Variations
- oear ✧ Ety/AY
- aer ✧ TI/307 (aer)
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
aire
noun. sea
Changes
aire→ airen “sea” ✧ PE22/023Cognates
- N. oer “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Element in
- ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > aire [aira] ✧ Ety/AY
airen
noun. sea
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > airen [airen] ✧ Ety/AY
earen
noun. sea
vea
noun. sea
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶vaı̯ā > vea [vajā] > [vea] ✧ PE21/17 Variations
- vea ✧ PE21/08; PE21/17
solor
noun. surf, surf, [ᴱQ.] surge; wavebreak, coast
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “surf” derived from the root ᴹ√SOL, more specifically from the primitive form ᴹ✶solos (Ety/SOL).
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. solor (solos-) “surf, surge” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the root ᴱ√SOLO, alongside a longer variant solosse (QL/85). The long form had the same gloss in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but the short form solor was glossed “a wavebreak, coast” (PME/85). The form ᴹQ. solor “surf” in The Etymologies was abnormal, in that it showed final -s becoming -r, which may be a remnant of Early Quenya phonology; later on, final s generally survived and medial s became r.
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Solonyeldi “*Surf Singers” ✧ Ety/SOL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶solos > solor [solos] > [solor] ✧ Ety/SOL
ay(ar)
root. sea
Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- AY ✧ Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY; Ety/BEL; Ety/LIN¹; Ety/RAM; Ety/UY
- AYAR ✧ EtyAC/AY
- AIR ✧ EtyAC/AY
vaiā
noun. sea
Derivations
- ᴹ√WAY “enfold”
Derivatives
- ᴹQ. vea “sea” ✧ PE21/17
Element in
- ᴹ✶vaianer “sailor”
Variations
- vaı̯ā ✧ PE21/17
solos
noun. surf
Derivations
- ᴹ√SOL “*surf” ✧ Ety/SOL
Derivatives
- ᴹQ. solor “surf, surf, [ᴱQ.] surge; wavebreak, coast” ✧ Ety/SOL
Element in
- ᴹT. Solonel “Musicians of the Shore, Sea-elves” ✧ Ety/SOL
saroth
noun. sea
saros
noun. surf, sea
A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “surf, sea” (GL/67). In the Gnomish Grammar it appeared as saroth “sea” (GG/12).
Derivations
- ᴱ√SARA “*surf”
Element in
- G. nûmi Galmir i·saroth “Galmir sank into the sea” ✧ GG/12
- G. sarofarn “the seashore” ✧ GL/67
- G. sarothod “voyager, seafarer, (lit.) foreigner from overseas” ✧ GL/67
Variations
- saroth ✧ GG/12
gwai
noun. sea
A word for “sea” in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (PE13/146), probably a cognate of ᴱQ. vea “sea” from this same period. It is probably a later iteration of G. Bai “the Outer Seas” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate of ᴱQ. Vai as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/21; LT1A/Vai).
Cognates
- Eq. vea “sea”
Derivations
- ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”
Element in
- En. gwaithlos “*sea-shore” ✧ PE13/146
’o’o
root. *sea
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives having to do with the sea such as ᴱQ. oar “merchild” and ᴱQ. Ô “The Sea, Ocean” (QL/70). G. ô “the sea” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon is probably related, but its Qenya cognate was given as ᴱQ. ua and its primitive form as ᴱ✶ou̯a (GL/61). In later writings Tolkien used different roots for the “sea”, such as √AY(AR) or √GAY(AR).
Derivatives
vea
noun. sea
Cognates
- En. gwai “sea”
Derivations
- ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”
Element in
- Eq. vea qalume “the sea heaving” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. lúnelinqe vear “in the flowing sea” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. vea falastane “the sea surging” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. kiryasse Earendil or vea “Earendel, upon a ship upon the sea” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
- Eq. lutsilya lúne veasse “*sailing on a blue sea” ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060
- Eq. lutsilya móre veasse ✧ PE16/060
- Eq. veakirya “sea-ship”
- Eq. vean falastanéro “the sea with loud surf” ✧ MC/220; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen “*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. veasse lúnelinqe “upon the blue streams of the sea” ✧ MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
Variations
- vea ✧ MC/213; MC/214; MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/138
laivar
noun. ocean
A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).
Element in
- Eq. laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon? “*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?” ✧ PE16/077
palastor
noun. surf
A word for “surf” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from ᴱ√Palas (QL/72).
Derivations
- ᴱ√PALAS “*foam, splash” ✧ QL/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√Palas > palastor- [palastor] ✧ QL/072 Variations
- palastor- ✧ QL/072
airë (2) noun "sea" (the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg.) (AYAR/AIR; cf. airon)