A Sindarin term for a Petty Dwarf (PE17/46), a variation on the better known Nogoth Niben, a combination of niben “petty” and a suffixal form -nog of naug “dwarf”, because [[s|[au] became [o] in polysyllables]] in Sindarin. This term was first published in its plural forms Nibin-noeg (UT/100) and Nibin-nogrim “Petty-dwarves” (UT/148). Tolkien considered numerous variations on the singular form of this name (WJ/187, note #26).
Sindarin
nimphelos
noun. nimphelos
niben-nog
proper name. Petty Dwarf
nimbrethil
place name. Silver-birches
A region of birches in Arvernien (LotR/233), translated “Silver birches” (PE17/19) or “White-birches” (RC/214). This name is a combination of nim “white” and brethil “silver-birch” (PE17/19; SA/nim, brethil), though Tolkien said the second element could also be interpreted as brethil “princess” (PE17/19, 23).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name also appeared as N. Nimbrethil (TI/99).
nimloth
proper name. White Blossom, Pale Blossom
The white tree of Númenor (LotR/971, S/59), translated “White Blossom” (SI/Nimloth) or “Pale Blossom” (MR/155). It was also the name of the mother of Elwing, wife of Dior (S/234). This name is a combination of nim “white” and loth “flower” (SA/nim, loth).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, N. Nimloth “Pale Blossom” appeared as a Noldorin name for Silpion (LR/210), and in The Etymologies had essentially the same derivation as given above (Ety/LOT(H)).
nimphelos
proper name. Pale ?Snow
The great pearl given as a reward to the Lord of the Dwarves of Belegost (S/92), elsewhere described as the name of a plant (PE17/168). Its initial element is the archaic form †nimp “pale, pallid” (SA/nim, PE17/168). David Salo proposed that the entire name was archaic in form, and that the final element was loss “snow” (GS/364).
nimrodel
feminine name. Lady of the White Cave
An Elf-maiden, the beloved of Amroth, as well as the name of the stream by which she dwelled (LotR/339). According to Tolkien, this name was of Silvan (Nandorin) origin adapted to Sindarin (LotR/1127). It is translated “Lady of the White Cave” (RC/302) and is a combination of nim “white”, the suffixal form -rod of grod “cave” and the feminine suffix -iel (SA/groth, PE17/49).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this river was first named N. Linglor and the maiden N. Linglorel (TI/222-3), both revised to N. Nimladel >> Nimlorel >> Nimlothel (TI/223, 238-9 note #17, the last of these used only for the maiden). Later still both were changed to their final form Nimrodel (TI/223, 239). In later notes from the 1950s, Tolkien considered interpreting the final element as either “lofty star” or “high lady” (S. rodel) from raud “lofty, noble” (PE17/49).
nindalf
place name. Wetwang
The fens below the falls of Rauros, translated “Wetwang” (LotR/373). This name is a combination of nîn “wet” and the lenited form of talf “flat field” (PE17/52, 61; RC/779).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this region was first named N. Palath Nenui “Wetwang” (TI/268), soon revised to N. Nindalf (TI/281).
nirnaeth arnoediad
proper name. Tears Unnumbered
The tragic battle in which the forces of Morgoth defeated the Elves and Men of Beleriand, translated “Tears Unnumbered” (S/192) or “Unnumbered Tears” (WJ/165). This name is a combination of nirnaeth “lamentation” and the archaic form †arnoediad “unnumbered” (Ety/NOT).
Conceptual Development: Although translated “Unnumbered Tears” throughout Tolkien’s writing, the Elvish form of the name changed greatly over the years. In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Nínin-Udathriol (LT2/84). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, the name was revised to ᴱN. Nínin Unothradin or Nirnaithos Unothradin (LB/21), then revised again to ᴱN. Nirnaith Únoth >> Nirnaith Ornoth (LB/79).
In the earliest Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s the name was changed to N. Nirnaith Irnoth >> Nirnaith Dirnoth (SM/312, LR/136), then again to N. Nirnaith Arnediad (LR/147), the last of these also appearing as a late revision in the Lays of Beleriand (LB/102). The form Nírnaeth Arnediad with a long í appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/NAY), along with the archaic form of its second element arnœdiad (Ety/NOT). In the Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s Tolkien switched to this archaic form in the main narratives (WJ/165), using S. Nirnaeth for earlier N. Nirnaith after his [[n|revision of [ai] to [ae]]].
ninglor
noun. golden water-flower, golden water-flower, *yellow iris
Name for a flower appearing as an element in the names Sîr Ninglor “Gladden River” (UT/280) and Loeg Ningloron “Gladden Fields” (S/295). According to Christopher Tolkien, a fuller translation of Loeg Ningloron would be “Pools of the golden water-flowers” (SI/Loeg Ningloron), so that ninglor likely means “golden water-flower”, perhaps a type of “✱yellow iris” (see below). The elements of this word are likely nîn “wet” and glaur “gold (colour)”.
Conceptual Development: An earlier name for “Gladden Fields” was N. Palath-ledin in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, where Tolkien specified that N. palath meant “iris” (TI/114). Earlier still, in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had G. nalairin “iris”, an elaboration of G. nâla “yellow-lily” (GL/59).
ninniach
noun. rainbow
A noun for “rainbow” in the name Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” (S/238). Ninniach “rainbow” is perhaps a combination of the S. nîn “watery” and S. iach “ford”, perhaps a metaphorical ford of water across the sky. The long nn in the initial element ninn- is tricky to explain, but might be an example of an exchange of a long vowel īn with a long consonant inn; hat-tip to Elaran for this suggestion.
Conceptual Development: The name Cirith Ninniach (and hence the word for “rainbow”) went through quite a few changes. The earliest iteration of the name was G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” (PE15/21) so that quing ilon “✱bow of heaven” was “rainbow”, but this was quickly revised to G. Cris Ilbranteloth which was the form used in the early narratives (LT2/150, 202). G. ilbrant “rainbow” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variant ilvrant (GL/50). By popular etymology, this was connected to G. brant “bow”, but that was not correct (GL/24). The second element was actually G. rantha “bridge” (GL/65), and the b came from its initial element G. ilbar “heaven[s]” (GL/50), so it literally meant “✱heaven-bridge”.
In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name of the pass was changed to N. Cris-Ilfing >> Cirith Helvin “Rainbow Cleft” (SM/141, 146). Both ilfing and helvin have unclear etymologies, but they are probably early iterations of N. eilian(w) “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” with N. ianw “bridge” (Ety/ƷEL, YAT), with variant elianw (EtyAC/YAT). Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” emerged in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/256, 299).
Neo-Sindarin: Noldorin eilian(w) “sky-bridge” might be adapted into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. eiliant using later S. iant for “bridge”, as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I see no reason not to just use attested S. ninniach for “rainbow”.
nivrim
place name. West March
Region of western Doriath translated “West March” (S/122).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as Ilk. Nivrim “West-march” (LR/261), and in The Etymologies was designated a Doriathrin [Ilkorin] name, a combination of Ilk. nivon “west” and Ilk. rîm “border” (Ety/NIB, RĪ). Unlike Ilk. Nivrost “West Vale” >> S. Nevrast “Hither Shore”, the name Nivrim was not updated in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, even though its earlier etymology no longer fit Sindarin.
Nimloth
noun. white flower
nimp (“pale, white”) + loth (“a head of small flowers”)
Nimrodel
name of a stream
_topon. _name of a stream, originally of an Elven-maid loved by Amroth, King of Lórien. Nim is T. nimbi white. -rodel could be S. and mean 'lofty star', but it could also contain an element seen in S. -roth, rod < ROT 'cave', or be feminine, from rodel 'lady, high lady'. Tolkien notes also this name is "suitable to S. sounds and patterns" but is "not clearly etymologizable as S." (PE17:51).
Nindalf
'wet flat'
Nivrim
noun. West-march
niv (from Dor. nivon “west”) + rim (Dor. “edge, hem, border”)
Nivrost
noun. West-dales
niv (from Dor. nivon “west”) + rost (Dor. “plain, wide land between mountains”); the earlier form of Nevrast “hither shore”
nim
white
_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil
nim
white
nimbrethil
noun. 'White Princess'
prop.n. 'White Princess'. >> brethil II, nim
nimbrethil
noun. 'Silver Birches'
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
nimras
pale-horn
pl1. nimrais _n. _pale-horn, snow peak. Q. níquetil. >> nim
niphred
pallor
niphredil
a pale white flower
Nindalf
noun. wet land
nîn (“wet”) + talf (“flat field, land”)
nimp
adjective. pale, pallid, white, pale, pallid, white; small and frail, [ᴱN.] wan, sickly
niphred
noun. pallor, pallor; [N.] fear
nidhin mened
I have a mind to go, I intend to go
nin
pronoun. me
nim
adjective. white
nimras
place name. White Horn
niben
adjective. petty, petty, *small
niged
noun. little finger
nirnaeth
noun. tears, tears, [N.] lamentation
nivol
noun. phantom, a seeming
Nindalf
noun. nēn-talma
n. Q. nēn-talma.
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
niben-nog
noun. Petty dwarf
nidh-
verb. will, mean to, have a mind to
niged
noun. little finger
nimbrethil
noun. 'white princess'
n. Bot. 'white princess', silver birch. Fuller form of brethil. >> brethil, fimbrethil
nimmid-
verb. to whiten
nimp
adjective. small and frail
nimrais
white-peaks
_pl1. n. _white-peaks, pale-horns.
nin
pronoun. me
nin
pronoun. me
_ pron. _me.
nind
adjective. slender
ninglor
noun. golden water-flower, gladden
ninniach
noun. rainbow
niphred
noun. pallor, fear
niphredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
ar nienor sel morwen níniel
*and Nienor daughter of Morwen, Níniel
nogoth niben
proper name. Petty Dwarf
níniel
feminine name. Tear-maiden
The name Túrin gave to his sister Nienor when she had lost her memory and he didn’t recognize her, translated “Tear-maiden” (S/219), a combination of nîn “tear” and the feminine suffix -iel.
Conceptual Development: She was called G. Níniel “Child of Tears” in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/112), and in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name N. Níniel was translated “Tearful” or “Tear-maiden” (SM/129, 306; LR/140).
níniel
noun. tearful
nîn (“tear”) + iell (“daughter” [Etym.] SEL-Dtraditional ending for women’s names)
enni
pronoun. to me
penninor
noun. last day of the year
ni
pronoun. I
ni
for the
ni (to the). Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
ni
to the, for the
ni. Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
ni
to the
ni (for the). Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
Nienor
Nienor
Nienor is a Sindarin name meaning "Mourning". In The Children of Húrin, Christopher Tolkien chose to spell her name Niënor.
Nimrodel
Nimrodel
Nimrodel means "Lady of the White Grotto".
Nivrim
Nivrim
The name means "west-march" from Doriathrin nivon and rim
nimbrethil
Nimbrethil
Nimbrethil is Sindarin, composed of the words nim and brethil. Nimbrethil is translated to "silver birches", and can also mean "white princess".
niphredil
Niphredil
Niphredil is a Sindarin name meaning "little pallor", consisting of niphred ("pallor") + the ending -il.
Nindalf
Nindalf
The name is Sindarin, consisting of nîn ("wet") and talf ("flat field").
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
nich
noun. frost
nigren
adjective. stealthy, (orig.) mouse-like
@@@ re-conceived as a derivative of nigol “mouse”
nista-
verb. to press, thrust, force (in a given direction)
Niben-naug
petty-dwarf
*Niben-naug, -nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. Nibin-nogrim (UT:148)
Niben-naug
petty-dwarf
1) *Niben-naug, -nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. Nibin-nogrim (UT:148), 2) Nogoth niben, pl. Negyth nibin (archaic pl. ”Noegyth nibin” = Nögyth nibin, WJ:388, 408). Also called nogotheg (”dwarflet”), pl. negethig for archaic nögethig (WJ:388).
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
niben
petty
niben (small), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger (VT48:6).
niben
petty
(small), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger (VT48:6).
niben-naug
petty-dwarf
nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. *Nibin-nogrim** (UT:148)*
niged
little finger
niged (pl. nigid) _(VT48:5), also called lebig (no distinct pl. form) (VT48:5, 15). _
nimmida
whiten
nimmida- (i nimmida, in nimmidar), pa.t. nimmint(relative pronoun), see THAT
nimmida
whiten
(i nimmida, in nimmidar), pa.t. nimmint
nimp
white
(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
nin
me
(object form of ”I”) nin; as indirect object anim or enni ”for myself, (to) me”.
nind
thin
1) nind (slender, fragile); no distinct pl. form. 2) *lhain (lean, meager), lenited ?thlain or ?lain (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lîn. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlein*, corresponding to archaic Sindarin lhein**, later *lhain.
nind
fragile
nind (thin, slender); no distinct pl. form
ninglor
gladden
_(noun, _the flower yellow-flag) ninglor (pl.ningloer). Archaic *ninglaur.
ninglor
gladden
(pl.ningloer). Archaic ✱ninglaur.
ningloron
having gladden-flowers
(pl. ningloryn if this is really an adjective)
ningloron
having gladden-flowers
?ningloron (pl. ningloryn if this is really an adjective)
ninniach
rainbow
(pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean ✱”slender-crossing”.
niphred
fear
(pallor); pl. niphrid.
niphred
pallor
niphred (fear); pl. niphrid
niphred
pallor
(fear); pl. niphrid
nibis
noun. snowflake
nigol
noun. mouse, (lit.) small one
nimmas
noun. whiteness
ninna-
verb. to weep, *cry (tears)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nind
adjective. slender
nind
thin
(slender, fragile); no distinct pl. form.
nind
fragile
(thin, slender); no distinct pl. form
niwrim
noun. swarm
dúath
noun. night shadow, dark/black shadow, night shadow, dark/black shadow, [N.] night-shade
A word meaning “night shadow” (PE17/152) or “dark/black shadow” (PE17/87), a combination of dû “night” and the soft-mutated form ’wath of gwath “shadow” (SA/dú, gwath), usually written dúath but sometimes dúwath or duwath. Most notably it appeared in the name Ephel Dúath “Mountains of Shadow; (lit.) Fence of Shadow” (LotR/636; RC/457). In one place Tolkien said it was used metaphorically for darkness as an ethereal substances, the opposite of glae(gal) which was light as a substance (NM/283).
Conceptual Development: N. Dú(w)ath “night-shade” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the etymology given above (Ety/DOƷ).
dúlin
noun. nightingale
A word for “nightingale” appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a combination of N. dû “night” and N. lhinn “tune” (Ety/DOƷ, Ety/LIN², TIN). It appeared as both dúlinn (Ety/LIN²) and dúlin (Ety/TIN). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s, Tolkien instead gave duilin “nightingale” as a derivative of primitive ᴹ✶dōmilindē, demonstrating a phonetic development whereby the ancient m became v and then vanished after the u, but the medial i was preserved. However, Christopher Tolkien used the form dúlin in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/dú), and that form is thus better known.
tinúviel
feminine name. Nightingale, (lit.) Daughter of Twilight
The name that Beren gave to Lúthien, translated “Nightingale”, more literally “Daughter of Twilight” (S/165), a derivation of the primitive form ✶Tindōmiselde (PE19/73). It is essentially a combination of tinnu “twilight” and the suffix -iel, except that the archaic final -v lost in tinnu was preserved in the compound.
Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as G. Tynwfiel in the earliest Lost Tales, probably a Welsh-like spelling of the name, but this was revised to Tinúviel (LT2/41), the form Tolkien more or less retained thereafter. The translation “Nightingale” for ᴱN. Tinúviel emerged in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/153). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, N. Tinúviel had the same derivation as given above (Ety/SEL-D, TIN).
Tinnúviel
noun. nightingale
nightingale
dû
night
_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.
galenas
noun. nicotiana
n. Bot. nicotiana, Gondor S. For 'pipeweed'. Q. alanesse, alenesse. >> galen
dû
noun. night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark
fuin
noun. night, gloom, darkness, night, gloom, darkness, [N.] dead of night
neder
cardinal. nine
nedrui
ordinal. ninth
nerthui
ordinal. ninth
duwath
noun. night shadow, dark/black shadow, night shadow, dark/black shadow, [N.] night-shade
dúath
noun. nightshade
dúlin
noun. nightingale
dû
noun. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness
fuin
noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness
neder
cardinal. nine
nedrui
ordinal. ninth
nerthui
ordinal. ninth
brennil
lady
(i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath.
miniel
first elf
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
níniel
tearful
(pl. nínil)
nínim
snowdrop
(”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. – The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)
nínim
snowdrop
(a flower) nínim (”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)
nínia-
verb. to weep
galenas
noun. pipeweed, nicotiana, *tobacco
The Sindarin word for “pipeweed [✱tobacco]” (LotR/869). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages in the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien gave it the gloss “nicotiana” and said its original form was galanes, assembled from [[q|[g]ala-]] “plant, grow” and (primitive?) ✶nes- “sweet smelling”, with a Quenya cognate Q. alanessë (PE17/100).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. fuglas “tobacco” (with variants fuglos, fauglas), a combination of G. fug- “smoulder” and G. lass “leaf” (GL/36). Some remnant of this earlier form might be seen in N. fuilas, the first word Tolkien gave for pipeweed in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/38). Tolkien revised this to N. marlas and then N. romloth before settling on N. galenas (WR/38).
môr
noun. dark(ness); †night, dark(ness); †night, [N.] †black
A word for “dark(ness)” (Let/382), sometimes used poetically for “†night” (NM/279), derived from primitive ✶mori based on the root √MOR.
Conceptual Development: Early precursors to this word include G. mûri “darkness, †night” and G. morth/moroth “darkness” (GL/58), both clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√MORO as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Mornië; Moru). In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. †môr was an archaic equivalent of ᴹQ. more “black”, already based on primitive ᴹ✶mori (Ety/MOR). In a deleted entry Tolkien also considered using N. môr for “night” (EtyAC/LOƷ).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would mainly use S. môr as a noun “darkness”, and for the adjective I would use S. morn “dark, black”.
du(w)ath
noun. 'night shadow'
n. 'night shadow'. >> dû
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
glân
adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean
morn
noun/adjective. black, dark; night
na(n)
preposition. of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with, of; provided with or by, associated with, marked with, with, along with, accompanied by; [N.] by
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
môr
noun. darkness, dark, night
na
preposition. of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with
men-
verb. to go
The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
na-
verb. to be
A verb for “to be” based on the root √NĀ of the same meaning. This verb is barely attested in the Sindarin language, and the general consensus is that [for purposes of Neo-Sindarin at least] Sindarin omits the verb “to be” in most phrases, such as in naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving us” (LotR/299) or ✱orchal i adan “tall [is] the man”; see the entry on the copula for further discussion.
The clearest attestation of the verb na- is its imperative form no “be!” in the phrase no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name, (lit.) ✱be holy the name your”, from the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT44/21). This imperative form was preceded by some hard-to-read deleted forms, perhaps {dôd >> dád >> hae >>} no (VT44/22). The d-forms might be eroded/mutated variants of na-. Compare đa in the phrase inn đa v’im “a mind there is in me = I have a good mind (to do so)” in notes from the late 1960s (PE22/165), where đa could be another eroded form of na-. This phrase was first written as inn no v’im (PE22/165 note #108); see the entry for đa for further discussion.
Another clear attestation of na “be” is an apparent future form natho in the untranslated phrase Sí il chem {na} en i naugrim en ir Ellath {natho} thor den ammen in the so-called “Túrin Wrapper” from the late 1950s (VT50/5). This future[?] form natho was deleted and replaced by thor, and a deleted {na} also appears earlier in the phrase, possibly a false start. Carl Hostetter suggested this phrase might mean something like “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) us” (VT50/22-25). If so, it seems the future of na- “be” was constructed from the bare future suffix (a)tha-, manifesting as tho “✱will be”.
Neo-Sindarin: As noted above, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin the general consensus is that this verb is barely used, and is omitted from most “to be” phrases as in the example orchal i adan given above. The verb’s one widely accepted use is as an imperative, such as in no mae “be well”. Based the Túrin Wrapper, I posit that tho can also be used for a future form “will be”, as in i adan tho orchal “the man will be tall”. I likewise posit a (purely hypothetical) past form [ᴺS.] nî “was”, based on the primitive past-tense element ✶-nē with [[os|long [ē] becoming [ī]]], as in i adan nî orchal “the man was tall”. Neither tho or nî are widely accepted Neo-Sindarin, however.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the verb G. na- “is” (GL/58), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This irregular Gnomish verb had some inflected forms: plural nain, participle ol· and past form {ni >>} thi, the last of these being another inspiration for Neo-Sindarin nî “was”.
Nírnaeth Arnoediad
Nirnaeth Arnoediad
dúlinn
nightingale
1) dúlinn (i dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i núlinn) (SD:302). 2) merilin (i verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind. 3) tinúviel (”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath (MR:373, WJ:62)
dû
night
1) dû (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
dû
nightfall
(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dû
nightfall
dû (i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dû
night
(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
fuin
nightshade
fuin (gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
tinúviel
nightingale
(”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i** dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i** thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath** **(MR:373, WJ:62)
nederph
cardinal. nineteen
nederphaen
cardinal. ninety
paeneder
cardinal. nineteen
whiel
noun. niece
daw
nighttime
daw (i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
daw
nighttime
daw (i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
daw
nighttime
(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
dúath
nightshade
dúath (i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).
dúath
nightshade
(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).
dúlinn
nightingale
(i** dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i** núlinn) (SD:302).
fuin
night, nightshade, dead of night
fuin (gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.
fuin
night, nightshade, dead of night
(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.
merilin
nightingale
(i** verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind.
morn
night
(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
neder
cardinal. nine
neder;
neder
nine
;
nedrui
ninth
nedrui
ninth
nedrui
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin.
silef
shining white
is listed in LR:385 s.v. SIL as the cognate of Quenya silma of this meaning, but silef is there asterisked, apparently to indicate that it only appears as part of the word Silevril ”Silmaril”. The word silef may also be used = Quenya silima (noun), the crystal substance of the Silmarils.
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
tinnu
early night without a moon
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
noged
noun. Petty Dwarf
-en
suffix. my
-il
point
balt
noun. force, force, [ᴱN.] might
A word for “force” appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136), clearly base on √BAL “power”.
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱN. balt “might” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists, initially glossed “a plain” (PE13/138). As suggested by the editors, the meaning “might” is probably connected to G. bâl (bald-) “worthy, important; great, mighty” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√vḷd (GL/21), while the meaning “plain” is probably connected to G. bladwen “a plain” (GL/23), which is likely based on the early root ᴱ√PALA or ✱ᴱ√BALA (QL/71).
di-
prefix. beneath, under
The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
lebig
noun. little finger
A name for the little finger in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from 1968, it is simply ✶lepe “finger” combined with the diminutive suffix -ig (VT48/5). An alternate form niged had the same meaning, an elaboration of √NIK “small” (VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lemp⁽⁾ “a crooked finger; little finger” (GL/53), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LEPE used for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53).
luin
jhJ5 adjective. blue
Examples: Ered luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin
nen
water
{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn
nethel
noun. sister
A word for “sister” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √NETH of similar meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †nîth (VT47/12, 14). The diminutive/affectionate form nethig “[little] sister” was used as a play name for the fourth finger (VT48/6); Tolkien considered an alternate diminutive netheg (VT47/14, 32) and also considered giving this diminutive an alternate meaning “little girl” (VT47/15, 33); see S. neth for discussion.
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. thêl “sister” from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES (Ety/THEL), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethir “sister” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.
nínedhel
proper name. ?Tear(ful) Elf
nîdh
noun. juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice
A noun for “juice” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip”; its Quenya cognate was Q. nehtë “honey” (PE19/91). Sindarin nîdh was a later iteration of N. {nēdh >>} nīdh “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of G. nectha “honey comb” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60), cognate to ᴱQ. nekte “honey” and hence derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use nîdh with its earlier meaning “honeycomb”. For “juice” I’d use other words like [N.] saw and [ᴺS.] paich (adapted from N. peich).
nîn
wet
_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf
nîn-in-eilph
place name. Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans
nûr
adjective. sad
For an earlier discussion, see Klockzo, 4th volume, p. 160 §147: The meaning of Núrnen long remained highly hypothetical. The current definition is based on Christopher Tolkien's index to UT and on the unfinished index of names published in RC. The Gnomish Lexicon listed nur- (nauri) "growl, grumble", nurn "plaint, lament, a complaint" and nurna- "bewail, lament, complain of" (PE/11:61). Likewise, the Qenyaqetsa included a root NURU- with several derivatives with similar meanings (PE/12:68). See also Q. nurrula "mumbling" (from nurru- "murmur, grumble") in the final version of the poem The Last Ark (MC/222-23). Patrick Wynne therefore noted: S. *nûr in Núrnen "Sad Water" is apparently "sad" in the sense "bewailing, lamenting, complaining, grumbling", no doubt a reference to the general mood of the hapless laborers in "the great slave-worked fields" beside the lake. (See Lambengolmor/856-860)
pîn
adjective. little
Similar words occur in Gnomish (pinig "tiny, little", PE/11:64) and in Qenya (pinea "small" etc., PE/12:73)
rodel
lady
1a _n._lady, high lady. >> Nimrodel
til
point
Nírnaeth Arnoediad
noun. unnumbered tears
nírnaeth (“lamentation”) < nîr (“tear”) + naeth (“woe”), ar- (pref. “without”) + noediad (ger. of noedia-, nedia- “count”)
Nîn-in-Eilph
noun. waters of swans
nîn (pl. of nen “water”) + in (pl. gen. article) + eilph (pl. of alph “swan”)
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
preposition. to, for, to, for; [N. and G.] of
heryn
noun. lady
nín
pronoun. my
nîdh
noun. full vigorous purpose, exertion of will
achas
fear
(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.
achas
fear
(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
bassoneth
lady
(bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic ✱bassauneth.
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
brêg
quick
brêg (sudden, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg
brêg
quick
(sudden, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg
can
shout
(i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.
can
shout
can- (i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.
daedhelos
great fear
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for
danna
fall
(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
danna
fall
(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
dant
fall, falling
(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)
daw
gloom
1) daw (i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath; 2) dim (i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”. 3) fuin (darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 4) maur (i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
daw
gloom
(i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath
dem
sad
1) dem (gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim; 2) naer (dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form. 3) nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.
dem
sad
(gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim
dim
gloom
(i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”.
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dû
darkness
1) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
dû
darkness
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
eilian
rainbow
1) eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw, hence maybe coll. pl. eilianwath. 2) ninniach (pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean *”slender-crossing”.
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).
en
of the
e- (sg. genitival article)
fim
slender
fim (slim). No distinct pl. form. (LotR Appendix F). 3) nind (thin, fragile); no distinct pl. form. 4)
fim
slender
(slim). No distinct pl. form. (LotR Appendix F). 3) nind (thin, fragile); no distinct pl. form. 4)
fuin
gloom
(darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
fuin
darkness
(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
galvorn
black metal
(i ’alvorn), pl. gelvyrn (i ngelvyrn = i ñelvyrn) if there is a pl. (WJ:322). 2) donn (swart, swarty, shady, shadowy) (lenited dhonn, pl. dynn). (VT45:11). Also dunn- in compounds.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
glân
white
1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.
glân
white
(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);
heryn
lady
1) heryn (i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn), 2) hiril (i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath. 3) brennil (i vrennil), pl. same as sg. except with article: i mrennil. Coll. pl. brenillath. 4) bassoneth (bread-giver) (i massoneth, o mbassoneth), pl. bassonith (i mbassonith). Archaic *bassauneth. 5) dî (i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
iell
girl
1) iell (-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill; 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath. 3) (girl in her teens, approaching the adult) neth (also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
laegel
green-elf
pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil) *(WJ:385)*.
lhain
thin
(lean, meager), lenited ?thlain or ?lain (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lîn. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlein, corresponding to archaic Sindarin ✱lhein, later ✱lhain.
lhind
slender
1) *lhind (fine), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind. 2)
lhind
slender
(fine), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.
loeg
pool
loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
loeg
pool
(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
lost
empty
lost (pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
lost
empty
(pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
lîn
pool
lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
pool
(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
lake
1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **
lîn
lake
(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
mesc
wet
1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)
mesc
wet
(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.
milui
friendly
milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
milui
friendly
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
môr
darkness
(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
môr
black
1) môr (dark), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also morn (dark), pl. myrn, lenited #vorn. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386) The lenited form #vorn appears, compounded, in the name of the
môr
black
(dark), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr (Letters:382), also morn (dark), pl. **myrn, lenited #vorn. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386) The lenited form #vorn appears, compounded, in the name of the
naug
dwarf
(in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)
nedhu
bolster
*nedhu (pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.
nedhu
bolster
(pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.
nell
bell
nell (construct nel; pl. nill);
nell
bell
(construct nel; pl. nill);
nem
nose
1) nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
nem
nose
(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)
nend
watery
1) nend (pl. nind), 2) nîn (wet); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”. 3) nínui (tearful); no distinct pl. form
nend
watery
(pl. nind)
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
neth
sister
1) neth (also used = ”girl”). (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6), pl. nith. Notice the homophone neth ”young”. Also nîth (no distinct pl. form though the plural article with show pluarlity when the noun is definite: in nîth) (VT47:14). 2) gwathel (i **wathel), pl. gwethil (in gwethil). 3) muinthel (i vuinthel), pl. muinthil (i muinthil), more usual than the shorter form thêl (stem thele-), pl. theli. In “Noldorin”, the pl. was thelei** (LR:392 s.v. THEL).
neth
young
neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
neth
young
(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
neth
girl
(also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. – The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
nírnaeth
tear-gnashing
; no distinct pl. form. 2) nîn; no distinct pl. form; pl. níniath. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nírnaeth
tear-gnashing
” (= lamentation) nírnaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) nîn; no distinct pl. form; pl. níniath. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nîd
tearful
1) nîd (damp, wet); no distinct pl. form, 2) níniel (pl. nínil), 3) nínui (watery); no distinct pl. form
nîdh
honeycomb
(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).
nîdh
honeycomb
nîdh (construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38). HONEY-EATER, see BEAR
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
nîf
front
nîf (construct nif) (face). No distinct pl. form.
nîf
front
(construct nif) (face). No distinct pl. form.
nîr
tear
_(noun) _1) nîr (construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”
nîr
tear
(construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”
nîr
weeping
nîr (construct nir) (tear). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath.
nîr
weeping
(construct nir) (tear). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath.
nîth
youth
(construct nith; no distinct pl. form)
o
from
(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
sen
this
*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).
sen
this
lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).
silivren
glittering white
(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
twilight
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.
tithen
little
1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (tiny), 2) pîn (lenited bîn; no distinct pl. form) (RC:536).
trîw
slender
trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (fine).
trîw
slender
(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (fine).
uial
twilight
1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
celeth
stream
(noun) 1) celeth (i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith), 2) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith), 3) nên (water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn, 4) rant (watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
dêl
fear
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dî
lady
(i nî, o ndi) (bride), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî).
nên
water
nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).
nên
water
(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
nên
lake
(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
nên
stream
(water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn
nên
waterland
(water, lake, pool, stream), construct nen, pl. nîn;
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nínui
february
Nínui
nínui
5~B5hJ adjective. tearful
Nîn (tear) + -ui (full, having that quality).
nírnaeth
lamentation
1) nírnaeth (literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form. 2) The collective plural conath (i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)
nîd
wet
nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nîd
wet
(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nîd
damp
nîd (wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form
nîn
watery
(wet); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nínui
noun. February, *Watery
edhel
noun. Elf
eledh
noun. Elf
ell
noun. Elf
loss
noun. snow
The usual Sindarin word for “snow” (Let/278; PE17/161; RGEO/62), especially fallen and long-lying snow (VT42/18), derived from primitive ✶lossē (PE17/161) based on the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; RGEO/62). It sometimes appeared in a shorter form los (PE17/26, 161). See the entry on [s] for a discussion of these long vs. short variations; for purposes of Neo-Sindarin loss is probably preferable.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest iteration of this word was G. glui “snow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, likely related to nearby words like G. gloss “white” (GL/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gloss from the root ᴹ√GOLOS was both noun “snow” and adjective “snow-white” (Ety/GOLÓS), but in later writing Tolkien split these into S loss “snow” (see above) and S. gloss “(dazzling) white” (RGEO/62; VT42/18).
luin
adjective. blue
mellon
noun. friend
nîn
noun. tear, tear; [ᴱN.] weeping
dilith
noun. friendship
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
inu
noun/adjective. female
nítha-
verb. to reduce, make small
nítha-
verb. to snow, hail, rain
níthannen
verb. reduced, minor
nîw
noun. bee
siel
noun. granddaughter
nîn
adjective. wet, watery
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-main
suffix. our
-men
suffix. our
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
ael
noun. lake, pool, mere
alf
noun. flower
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
anha-
verb. to give
arwen
noun. noble woman
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
cadhad
noun. dwarf
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
danna
fall
_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.
danna-
verb. to fall
Written dant- in the Etymologies
dant
noun. fall
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dúath
noun. darkness, shadow
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
eiliant
noun. rainbow
elanor
noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers
elen
noun. Elf
elloth
noun. (single) flower
elu
adjective. (pale) blue
fain
noun/adjective. white
fain
noun/adjective. cloud
fair
adjective. quick
_adj. _quick, ready, prompt. >> feir
feir
adjective. quick
_adj. _quick, ready, prompt. >> fair
gil-
prefix. spark
gloss
adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
gwein
adjective. young
adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn
gwein
adjective. young
gwîn
noun. youth
n. youth. Q. víne. >> gwein
gwîn
noun. youth
gêl
noun. weeping
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
hadhod
noun. Dwarf
hand
noun. [unglossed]
hen
pronoun. this
pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.
heruin
noun. lady
heruin
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
heryn
noun. lady
hiril
noun. lady, lady; [G.] princess, †queen
innas
noun. will
inu
adjective. female
ithil
noun. Moon
The usual name for the Moon in Sindarin, from an augmented form of the root √THIL (Let/425; Ety/THIL). This word is most likely the proper name of the Moon, analogous to English “Luna”: in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien indicated Ithil was a “poetic name”. Compare this to S. Raun “Wanderer”, which is more descriptive of the nature of the body and hence closer to “Moon” (and “moon”).
Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this name seems to be G. Thilim “Moon” in an early list of names (PE14/13). This became G. {Thil >>} Sil “Rose of Silpion, Moon” (GL/67, 72) and G. {Thilmos >>} Silma in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/33, 67), both derivatives of the early root ᴱ√SILI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sil). The name Ithil first appeared in early versions of the tales of Númenor from the 1930s (LR/41).
ivanneth
noun. september (month)
lant
noun. fall
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
lebent
noun. ring finger
leber
noun. finger
lebig
noun. little finger
lim
noun. fish
limp
adjective. wet
loeg
noun. pool
loeg
noun. pool
loen
adjective. soaking wet, swamped
lorn
noun. quiet water
lorn
noun. anchorage, harbour
los
noun. snow
los
snow
{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth
loss
noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)
loss
noun. snow
_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth
lossen
adjective. snowy
lossen
adjective. snowy
A word for “snowy” mentioned in passing in The Road Goes Ever On, adjectival form of S. loss “snow” (RGEO/62).
lost
adjective. empty
lost
adjective. empty
loth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
loth
noun. flower
_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.
lotheg
noun. (single) flower
luin
adjective. blue
luin
blue
adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
lum
noun. shade
lîn
noun. pool
lô
blue
adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
lô
noun. shallow lake, fenland
madu
?. [unglossed]
mallos
noun. a golden flower
maud
?. [unglossed]
medlin
adjective. honey-eater, bear-like
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
min
adjective. our
mor
black
_adj. _black.
mor-
black
morn
adjective. black, dark
morn
adjective. black
morn-
black
moth
noun. dusk
mín
adjective. our
mín
pronoun. our
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
naer
adjective. sad, lamentable
nan
preposition. of
nedhu
noun. bolster, cushion
nen
noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)
nen
noun. waterland
neth
noun. sister
neth
noun. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult)
nethig
noun. "litte sister"
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
nethig
noun. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
noged
Petty dwarf
nídha-
verb. be determined to
nídha-
verb. to be determined to
nínedhel
nínedhel
{ð} n.
nínui
noun/adjective. watery
nínui
noun/adjective. the month of february
nîdh
noun. juice
juice
nîdh
noun. vigorous purpose, exertion of will
nîf
noun. phantom, a seeming
nîth
noun. sister
nîth
noun. sister
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
othrond
noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold
othronn
noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold
paich
noun. juice, syrup
penedh
noun. Elf
pîn
adjective. little
raun
noun. Moon
A word for “moon”, equivalent of Q. Rána, attested in later writings only as the element -rawn in the archaic form S. †cýrawn “new-moon”, in modern speech cýron (VT48/7). Based on its use in this word, as well as in N. cúran “crescent moon” [ᴺS. cúron], it seems this is the ordinary word for “Moon” (or “moon”) as a celestial body, as opposed to S. Ithil which is the proper name of the moon, equivalent to English “Luna”. Raun is derived from primitive ✶rānā from the root √RAN “wander”, and hence originally meant something like “Wanderer”, though its Quenya equivalent is usually translated “Wayward”.
Conceptual Development: A very similar form G. Rân “the moon” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/64), as well as ᴱN. rán “moon” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/152), though in this period its etymology is unclear. It appeared as N. Rhân “Moon” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” (Ety/RAN), but in this period its Quenya equivalent was ᴹQ. Rana with short a. In later writings the Quenya form became Q. Rána, requiring a change to S. Raun since ancient ā became au in Sindarin.
rim
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
ring
adjective. cold
ross
noun. rain
rost
adjective. rainy
sen
adjective. this
This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
sen
pronoun. this
pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.
sen
pronoun. this
silivren
adjective. (white) glittering
sîr
stream
_ n. _stream. >> Nanduhirion
tegil
noun. pen
Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)
tegil
noun. pen
thalion
noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)
thos
noun. fear
_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos
thoss
noun. fear
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
tin
noun. spark
_ n. _spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). >> ithildin
tinu
noun. spark, small star
tîn
spark
n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star).
uial
noun. twilight
uial
noun. twilight
_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
uilos
noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"
uin
preposition. of the
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
ael
pool
1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)
ael
pool
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
ael
lake
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
ammen
for us
(to us).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
avar
non-eldarin elf
pl. Evair, also called
both
small pool
(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.
bund
nose
(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
calben
elf of the great journey
(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).
callon
hero
1) callon (i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath; 2) thalion (dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
callon
hero
(i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath
caun
shout
(i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
caun
shout
(noun) caun (i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
celeth
stream
(i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith)
conath
lamentation
(i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
dath
steep fall
(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).
delos
fear
(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)
dim
noun. gloom, sadness
dî
beneath
dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dî
beneath
unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
dúnedhel
elf of beleriand
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
edhel
elf
(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edlothia
flower
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
flower
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothiad
flowering
(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**
eilia
rain
(vb.) eilia-, impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)
eilia
rain
impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)
eilian
rainbow
eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).
elleth
elf-woman
(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)
ellon
elf-man
(pl. ellyn)
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
elvellon
elf-friend
(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);
faen
white
(radiant). No distinct pl. form.
fain
white
; no distinct pl. form.
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
fôf
noun. fool
glam
shouting
(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath
glosta-
verb. to snow
A neologism for “to snow” coined by Fiona Jallings, based on the root √(G)LOS “snow, whiteness”.
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glî
honey
glî (i **lî**);
glî
honey
(i ’lî);
goe
great fear
(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).
gorgoroth
deadly fear
(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.
gosta
fear exceedingly
(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gwaloth
collection of flowers
(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
gwanwel
elf of aman
(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see
gwend
noun. friendship
gwend (i 'wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gwend
friendship
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gîl
silver glint
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)
gîl
silver glint
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388).
gôr
fear
(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
hadhod
dwarf
(i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd.
hell
9j¸$ noun. frost
heryn
lady
(i cheryn, o cheryn), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheryn)
hiril
lady
(i chiril, o chiril), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chiril), coll. pl. hirillath.
hâl
fish
(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.
hâl
fish
(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
iell
girl
(-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill
innas
will
(noun) innas, pl. innais (VT44:23)
innas
will
pl. innais (VT44:23)
inu
female
inu (analogical pl. iny)
inu
female
(analogical pl. iny)**
ithil
moon
(= ”the sheen”)
ivanneth
september
Ivanneth
ivanneth
september
lant
fall
_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
lant
fall
(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
lanthir
waterfall
(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
lefn
elf left behind
pl. lifn.
lim
noun. fish
limp
adjective. wet
limp
wet
(no distinct pl. form).
loen
soaking wet
(swamped), no distinct pl. form.
lorn
quiet water
(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).
loss
snow
(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
loss
snow
(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
lossen
snowy
(pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.
lossen
snowy
lossen (pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.
lossoth
snow-men
(a coll. pl.)
loth
flower
loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
loth
flower
pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
lotheg
single flower
lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).
luin
blue
luin (no distinct pl. form, as demonstrated by the name Ered Luin ”Blue Mountains”) (VT48:24)
lâd
lowland
(valley, plain), construct lad, pl. laid
lígu
noun. candle
A neologism for “candle” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the equivalent of Q. lícuma “candle”.
lîg
noun. wax
A neologism for “wax” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the equivalent of Q. líco “wax”.
lô
shallow lake
(fenland), pl. lŷ.
lô
fenland
lô (shallow lake), pl. lŷ
lô
fenland
lô (shallow lake), pl. lŷ;
lô
fenland
(shallow lake), pl. lŷ
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
maur
gloom
(i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
minuial
twilight
(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).
mornedhel
dark elf
(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
muil
twilight
(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
naer
sad
(dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form.
naeth
grief, gnashing of teeth in
(biting, woe); no distinct pl. form.
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
thrust
(vb.) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (point, stick, prick)
nasta
thrust
(i nasta, in nastar) (point, stick, prick)**
nedhu
noun. bolster, cushion
nella
sound bells
(i nella, in nellar) (but according to VT46:7, this may be a misreading of Tolkien’s manuscript),
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid)
nelladel
ringing of bells
(pl. nelledil):
nend
adjective. watery
nev-
verb. to seem, appear
nevra-
verb. to face, go forward
nogoth
dwarf
(pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i ’Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) The coll. pl. Dornhoth ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.
nogotheg
petty-dwarf
(”dwarflet”), pl. negethig for archaic nögethig (WJ:388).
nínui
watery
(tearful); no distinct pl. form
nínui
tearful
(watery); no distinct pl. form
nínui
february
nírnaeth
lamentation
(literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form.
nírol
adjective. sad, sorrowing, *sorrowful
níwost
noun. hive
nî-
verb. was
A (very hypothetical) past form of na- “is”; see that entry for discussion.
nîd
damp
(wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form
nîd
tearful
(damp, wet); no distinct pl. form
nûr
sad
(pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.
paich
juice
(i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.
peredhel
half-elf
(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
rant
stream
(watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.
raun
moon
(pl. roen, idh roen), coll. pl. ronath. Cf. the ending -ron at the end of month-names. Raun is basically the adj. ”straying, wandering” used as a noun, hence identifying the Moon as ”the Wanderer”. – The ”Noldorin” form rhân presupposes a different primitive form and may not correspond to S ✱rân as would normally be supposed.
rim
cold pool or lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
rim
cold pool/lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
ring
cold
(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),
ring
cold
(no distinct pl. form)
ross
rain
ross (construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
ross
rain
(construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
rost
rainy
rost (pl. ryst)
rost
rainy
(pl. ryst)
saw
juice
1) saw (i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB). 2) *paich (i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.
saw
juice
(i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB).
se
pronoun. this
sein
adjective. usual
@@@ should perhaps be sain
sell
girl
(i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath.
send
grey-elf
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).
sion
noun. grandson
sirith
stream
(i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)
síla
shine white
(i híla, i sílar) Adj.
síla
shine white
síla- (i híla, i sílar) Adj.
síla
shine white
síla- (i híla, i sílar)
tegil
pen
tegil (i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)
tegil
pen
(i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thalion
hero
(dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thel
will
(vb.) ?thel- (intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thel
will
(intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tim
small star
(MR:388). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath. 3)
tint
spark
1) tint (i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath; 2) tinu (i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =
tint
spark
(i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
tinu
spark
(i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =
uil-
verb. to rain
uwedhen
adjective. outlaw, outcast
uwedhron
noun. outlaw, outcast
vín
our
vín; see WE
vín
our
; see
n. Bot. >> nimp