Sindarin
danwaith
collective name. Danwaith
dan
Dan
dan
dan
dangen
adjective. slain
An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭnā (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.
Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).
dadwen
verb. return
_v. _return, going/coming back. Q. nanwen-. >> damen
dail
adjective. lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil
damen
verb. return
_ v. _return. Q. nanwen-. >> dan-
dan-
prefix. nan-
dambeth
noun. answer, response
In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth , with a slightly different meaning. However, it may possibly be assumed that the word is valid per se (although it may be argued that this compound word does not show the regular mutation that one would have expected)
dambeth
noun. response
dan (“back”) + peth (“word”)
danna-
verb. to fall
Written dant- in the Etymologies
dae
noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade
dagor
noun. battle
dael
noun. horror
danwedh
noun. ransom
dael
noun. horror
_ n. _horror.
daer
adjective. dreadful
_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, ghastly.
dail
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya.
danna
fall
_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.
dae
noun. shadow
daer
noun. bridegroom
daer
adjective. great
dagnir
noun. slayer
dagnir
noun. bane
dagor
noun. battle
dagorath
noun. all the battles
dan
preposition. against
dan
preposition. etym. back
dangweth
noun. answer, reply giving new information
dannen
noun. ebb, low tide
dant
noun. fall
danwaith
noun. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves)
danwedh
noun. ransom
daro
verb. halt! stop!
daur
noun. pause, stop
daur
noun. league (about 3 miles)
adar
noun. father
The Sindarin word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; VT44/21-22; VT48/19).
Conceptual Development: N. adar “father” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, however, G. †ador “father” was marked as archaic, and it seems {athon >>} G. nathon was the ordinary word for ”father” (GL/17, 59).
edaid
adjective. double
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
adar
noun. father
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
edaid
ordinal. double
dagnir
Dagnir
The Sindarin name Dagnir means "slayer" (or "bane") from dag + (n)dîr, cf. Dagnir Glaurunga "'Glaurung's Bane".
dannad
noun. falling
dadbenn
sloping down
(adj.) dadbenn (downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn. SLOPING UPWARD (adj.) ambenn (uphill), pl. embinn
dadbenn
inclined
(adj.) dadbenn (downhill, sloping down, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
exceedingly
dae (very). Lenited dhae.
dae
great
(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
daedelu
canopy
1) daedelu (i dhaedelu), pl. daedely (i naedhely), 2) orthelian (pl. ortheliain)
daedelu
canopy
(i dhaedelu), pl. daedely (i naedhely)
daedhelos
great dread
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.
daedhelos
great fear
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for
daen
corpse
daen (i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)
daen
corpse
(i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)
daer
large
daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
bridegroom
daer (i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.
daer
bridegroom
(i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.
daer
great
daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daew
shadow
(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).
dag
slain
(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.
dag
slain
"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare
dag
slay
dag- (i nâg, i ndegir), pa.t. danc or dagant, passive participle dangen "slain" (pl. dengin, lenited nengin) (VT45:37)
dag
slay
(i nâg, i ndegir), pa.t. danc or dagant, passive participle dangen "slain" (pl. dengin, lenited nengin) (VT45:37)
dagnir
bane
(= killer) dagnir (i nagnir, o ndagnir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndagnir), coll. pl. dagniriath
dagnir
bane
(i nagnir, o ndagnir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndagnir), coll. pl. dagniriath
dagor
battle
(noun) 1) dagor (i nagor, o ndagor), analogical pl. degyr (i ndegyr), coll. pl. dagorath. Archaic dagr, so we might have expected dagrath as the coll. pl.; dagorath would be an analogical formation. 2) (battle of two or a few, not a general host) maeth (i vaeth) (fight), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth). 3) auth (war), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
dagor
battle
(i nagor, o ndagor), analogical pl. degyr (i ndegyr), coll. pl. dagorath. Archaic dagr, so we might have expected dagrath as the coll. pl.; dagorath would be an analogical formation.
dagra
make war
(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
dagra
battle
(verb, "do battle, make war") dagra- (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
dagra
battle
(i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
dam
hammer
(noun) 1) dam (i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath, 2) dring (i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
dam
hammer
(i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath
dambeth
answer
(i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)
dambeth
response
dambeth (i nambeth, o ndambeth) (answer), pl. dembith (i ndembith) (PM:395)
dambeth
response
(i nambeth, o ndambeth) (answer), pl. dembith (i ndembith) (PM:395)
damma
hammer
(verb) damma- (i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
damma
hammer
(i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
dan
back
(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);
dangweth
answer
(noun) 1) dangweth (i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395), 2) dambeth (i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)
dangweth
answer
(i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395)
dangweth
reply
(noun; a reply giving new information) dangweth (i nangweth, o ndangweth) (answer), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith)
dangweth
reply
(i nangweth, o ndangweth) (answer), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith)
danna
fall
(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
danna
fall
(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
dannas
autumn
(noun) dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)
dannas
autumn
(i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)
dannen
fallen
dannen (lenited dhannen, pl. dennin); see FALL. Notice the homophone dannen ”ebb, low tide”, which however has different mutations.
dannen
ebb
dannen (i nannen, o ndannen) (low tide), pl. dennin (i ndennin). (VT48:26) Notice the homophone dannen ”fallen” (but this past participle has different mutations). (VT48:26)
dant
fall, falling
(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)
danwedh
ransom
danwedh (i nanwedh, o ndanwedh), pl. nenwidh (i ndenwidh)
danwedh
ransom
(i nanwedh, o ndanwedh), pl. nenwidh (i ndenwidh)
dar
stop
(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
dar
stop
(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
dar
halt
(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (stop). The imperative daro! is attested.
dar
halt
(i dhâr, i nerir) (stop). The imperative daro! is attested.
dartha
remain
dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)
dartha
stay
1) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (wait, remain, last, endure) (VT45:8), 2) dortha- (i northa, i ndorthar) (dwell). Adj.
dartha
wait
dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, remain, last, endure) (VT45:8)
dath
steep fall
(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).
dath
hole
1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)
dath
hole
(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
dath
pit
dath (i dhath) (hole, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
dath
pit
(i dhath) (hole, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
dath
abyss
dath (i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
dath
abyss
(i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
daug
warrior
(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)
daug
soldier
(primarily Orkish soldier) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (warrior), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-soldier”). See WARRIOR.
daug
soldier
(i naug, o ndaug) (warrior), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-soldier”). See
daur
stop
(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
league
(a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers) daur (i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
pause
(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
daw
gloom
1) daw (i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath; 2) dim (i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”. 3) fuin (darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 4) maur (i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
daw
gloom
(i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath
dae
adverb. very
dad
downward
;
dadbenn
do
(downhill, sloping down, inclined), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn. Verb
dadbenn
sloping down
(downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn.
dadbenn
inclined
(downhill, sloping down, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn
dadbenn
downhill, sloping down
(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;
dae
shadow
(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
dae
exceedingly
(very). Lenited dhae.
daer
large
(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
noun. bridegroom
daer
great
(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
dan
back
(lenited nan) (again, against);
dan
again, against
(lenited nan) (back). As prep. maybe followed by soft mutation.
dannen
fallen
(lenited dhannen, pl. dennin); see
dannen
fall
”ebb, low tide”, which however has different mutations.
dartha
remain
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)
dartha
stay
(i dhartha, i narthar) (wait, remain, last, endure) (VT45:8)
dartha
last
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
dartha
endure
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8)
dartha
wait
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, remain, last, endure) (VT45:8)
daur
stop
(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
league
(i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
pause
(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.
eirien
feminine name. Daisy
A Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s daughter “Daisy”, presumably of the same meaning, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129). Presumably it is eirien “daisy” used as a name.
Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of the epilogue the name appeared as N. Arien or Erien (SD/117, 121).
eirien
noun. daisy
A word for “daisy” as the name of one of the daughters of Samwise (SD/126). Its origin is unclear, but David Salo suggested it might be a loan from Q. Arien “Sun-maiden” (GS/228).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “daisy” was G. hetheglon derived from primitive {ᴱ✶heth·seg·glôn >>} ᴱ✶heth·thed·’lon, effectively a combination of G. heth “white”, G. thed “eye”, and the genitive glôn of G. glâ “day” (GL/49), so literally “✱white eye-of-day”. G. glonthen “dandelion” from the same document had a similar derivation = “eye of the day” (GL/40).
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
ada
daddy
ada (pl. edai)
ada
daddy
(pl. edai)
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
dúath
noun. darkness, shadow
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
eirien
noun. daisy (flower)
ilaurui
adjective. daily
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
môr
noun. darkness, dark, night
#dae
great
#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
ada
father
(pl. edai)
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
adanadar
father of men
normally pl. Edenedair "Fathers of Men", the early Edain.
adar
father
adar (pl. edair);
adar
father
(pl. edair);
círdan
shipbuilder
(i gírdan, o chírdan) (shipwright), pl. círdain (i chírdain)
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
edaid
double
(adj.) 1) edaid; no distinct pl. form, 2) tadol (lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
tangada
make firm
(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)
edaid
double
; no distinct pl. form
mîdh
noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle
A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
baran
adjective. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
fuin
noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
minuial
noun. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade
morchant
noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape
morn
adjective. black, dark
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
penninor
noun. last day of the year
sellath
noun. all the daughters
thalion
noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
baran
dark brown
baran (swart, dark brown, yellow brown, golden-brown), pl. berain
baran
dark brown
(swart, dark brown, yellow brown, golden-brown), pl. berain
dû
darkness
1) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
iell
daughter
1) iell (-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath**. **DAUGTHER OF TWILIGHT, see NIGHTINGALE
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
môr
darkness
(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
lilt
noun. dance
rach
noun. danger
rachas
noun. danger
bertha
dare
(i vertha, i merthar)
bertha
dare
bertha- (i vertha, i merthar)
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
calan
daytime
calan (i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain) (or, white as snow) gloss (in compounds -los), lenited loss; pl. glyss
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dúath
dark shadow
dúath (i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dúath
dark shadow
dúath (i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
dû
darkness
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
eirien
daisy
eirien (pl. eirin) (SD:128:31)
eirien
daisy
(pl. eirin) (SD:128:31)
fuin
darkness
(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
glinga
dangle
*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (hang). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
glinga
dangle
(i ’linga, in glingar) (hang). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
iell
daughter
(-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill
ilaurui
daily
(adj.) ilaurui (no distinct pl. form)
ilaurui
daily
(no distinct pl. form)
lilla-
なな¸%`C verb. dance, to dance
lilt
なな%1 noun. dance
minuial
dawn
minuial (i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
dawn
(i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
nîd
damp
nîd (wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form
nîd
damp
(wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form
sell
daughter
(i** hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i** sill), coll. pl. *sellath***. **
sigil
dagger
sigil (i higil, o sigil) (knife), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sigil), coll. pl. sigiliath. Note: a homophone means ”necklace”.
sigil
dagger
(i higil, o sigil) (knife), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sigil), coll. pl. sigiliath. Note: a homophone means ”necklace”.
talath
dal
Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.
órui
noun. daily
penninor
last day of the year
(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).
oronnad
noun. birthday
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
rîdh
noun. sown field, sown field, [N.] acre
A noun for a “sown field” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rîð “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form N. rîð did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Conceptual Development: There were several other “field” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. garw “sown-field” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, also functioning as an adjective meaning “tilled” (GL/38). ᴱN. gwas “field” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
belaith
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.
dring
noun. hammer, hammer, *beater
A noun for “hammer” appearing only as an element in the name Glamdring “Foe-hammer” (PE17/84). The Etymologies of the 1930s had this name under the root ᴹ√DRING “beat, strike” (Ety/DRING). Given that the orcs called Glamdring “Beater”, this might also be an alternate translation of dring.
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s also had N. dam “a hammer” under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. odrum or adrum “hammer” (GL/62), probably based on the early root ᴱ√D(A)RAM “to batter, thud, beat” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
dúlin
noun. nightingale
A word for “nightingale” appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a combination of N. dû “night” and N. lhinn “tune” (Ety/DOƷ, Ety/LIN², TIN). It appeared as both dúlinn (Ety/LIN²) and dúlin (Ety/TIN). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s, Tolkien instead gave duilin “nightingale” as a derivative of primitive ᴹ✶dōmilindē, demonstrating a phonetic development whereby the ancient m became v and then vanished after the u, but the medial i was preserved. However, Christopher Tolkien used the form dúlin in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/dú), and that form is thus better known.
flâd
noun. skin
A word for “skin” (or possibly “bark”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).
gelir
masculine name. Merry
Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Merry, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129). Most likely this name is an elaboration of [N.] gell “joy”.
Conceptual Development: In drafts of the epilogue, this name was initially (rejected) Riben (SD/117).
gelir
adjective. merry
Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Merry, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter from the early 1950s (SD/126, 129). This word is apparently an adjective, most likely an elaboration of [N.] gell “joy”. In Didier Willis’s Sindarin Dictionary, it is suggested this word might instead be a noun, an agental formation meaning “✱merry person” (HSD/gelir).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “merry” was G. dairog (GL/29), likely derived from ᴱ√TYALA “play”. This was revised to G. dairion in the “Gnomish Lexicon Slips” (PE13/112) and again to ᴱN. gair in Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s (PE13/141, 143). This last change probably also reflects a new root, though exactly what this root might be is unclear. There isn’t a clear connection between these early forms and later gelir beyond a superficial resemblance of form.
gwend
noun. maiden, maiden, *young woman
A word for “maiden” or “✱young woman”, frequently appearing as suffixal -wen as an element in female names, derived from the root √WEN(ED) (PE17/191; Ety/WEN).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word G. gwin meant “woman, female” and G. {gwen >>} gwennin was “girl” (GL/45). The former was derived from the root ᴱ√giu̯i which had to do with pregnancy, but the latter was derived from {ᴱ√gw̯ene >>} ᴱ√gu̯eđe. In the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon {ᴱ√WENE >>} ᴱ√GWENE was the basis of words like ᴱQ. ’wen(di) “maiden” (QL/103). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips it seems G. gwin was also reassigned to the root ᴱ√(G)WENE [ᴱ√u̯enĭ-], derived from ᴱ✶u̯einā́, though possibly shifted or blended in meaning with an adjectival sense “womanly” (PE13/113).
In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. uin “woman” (PE13/123), a form that also appeared with this gloss in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists as a replacement for deleted {gwind, gwinn} (PE13/146, 155). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. gwend, gwenn “maiden” under the root ᴹ√WEN(ED) which he said was “often found in feminine names” (Ety/WEN). He noted that “since the [suffixed names] show no -d even in archaic spelling, they probably contain a form wen-”. Tolkien seems to have stuck with these forms thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for a young woman or adolescent girl, especially prior to marriage, but for female children I would use neth.
hador
masculine name. Warrior
Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322).
In the Quendi and Eldar (Q&E) essay of 1959-60, Tolkien said “S has hên, pl. hîn, mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics”, meaning this word was often used to mean “child of” in reference to one’s parents, for example Túrin hen Húrin or Túrin hen Morwen.
im
noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale
An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.
Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).
lanc
adjective. naked
A word for “naked” in the name Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” (UT/280).
lhôn
noun. noise, noise; *phone (in linguistics), speech sound
A word for “noise” appearing in a list of roots for sound words from 1959-60, derived from the root √(S)LON (PE17/138).
Neo-Sindarin: In a post on 2024-05-07 from the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested this word could also mean “phone, speech sound”, based on Q. hlonitë “phonetic”. I personally recommend fuller paethlon in cases where a simple lhôn would be ambiguous.
loss
noun. snow
The usual Sindarin word for “snow” (Let/278; PE17/161; RGEO/62), especially fallen and long-lying snow (VT42/18), derived from primitive ✶lossē (PE17/161) based on the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; RGEO/62). It sometimes appeared in a shorter form los (PE17/26, 161). See the entry on [s] for a discussion of these long vs. short variations; for purposes of Neo-Sindarin loss is probably preferable.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest iteration of this word was G. glui “snow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, likely related to nearby words like G. gloss “white” (GL/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gloss from the root ᴹ√GOLOS was both noun “snow” and adjective “snow-white” (Ety/GOLÓS), but in later writing Tolkien split these into S loss “snow” (see above) and S. gloss “(dazzling) white” (RGEO/62; VT42/18).
meth
noun/adjective. last, last; [N.] end
The noun N. meth “end” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶metta under the root ᴹ√MET of the same meaning and followed by an adjective form N. methen that was also glossed “end” (Ety/MET). This word later appeared as an element in the name Rochon Methestel “Rider of the Last Hope” (UT/313). It is therefore possible that meth shifted from a noun to an adjective, but its Quenya equivalent metta “ending, end” remained a noun in Tolkien’s later writings.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would avoid meth as an independent element, and would use the unambiguous noun form methed and adjective forms medui or [N.] methen. If you do use meth, you might use it as either an adjective or a noun, though it is more likely to be a noun.
ras(s)
noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]
A noun for “horn” appearing in notes on the name Caradhras “Redhorn” from the 1950s or 60s (PE17/36). This word was an element in other names as well, such as Methedras “Last Peak” and Nimras “White Horn”.
Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. rhas “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” (Ety/RAS). Christopher Tolkien gave it as rhaes in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to rhas in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/10). In The Etymologies it appeared beside an alternate form N. rhasg, equivalent to ᴹQ. rasko (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS).
Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers adapt its variant form as ᴺS. rasg, but I recommend sticking to attested S. ras(s) for a “horn” of both animals and mountains.
rîf
noun. bark
A word for “bark” (or possibly “skin”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).
Conceptual Development: Earlier “bark” words include G. padhwen “bark” (GL/63) and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29) from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. {daus >>} dâf “bark” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {gwath “bark” >>} gwadh “bark, skin, peel” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
Anor
noun. Sun
_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil
arod
noble
1b _adj._noble. >> raud
arod
adjective. noble
d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud
calad
noun. light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad
calar
noun. lamp
n. lamp. >> calardan
deil
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya. >> dail
deil
lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail
dern
tough
_ adj. _tough. >> dír-
dír-
prefix. tough
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
galad
light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon
gwen
noun. maiden
gwend
noun. maiden
iaun
adjective. large
adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion
mor-
black
morn
adjective. black
morn-
black
nim
white
_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil
nim
white
nîn
wet
_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf
paran
adjective. naked
rass
horn
_ n. _horn. >> Caradhras
raud
lofty
rhû
evil
adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur
rhû
evil
thos
noun. fear
_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos
torn
hidden
adj. hidden, secret. >> terech
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
gwenneth
noun. maiden
hûl
noun. secret
A noun for “secret” of unclear derivation, appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136).
noro
verb. run! ride!
Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"
nu
preposition. under
With suffixed article, see also nuin
pân
adjective. all, in totality
As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"
thurin
masculine name. Secret
ónen
noun. I gave
Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49
adlod
sloping
(adj.) *adlod (tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)
adlod
sloping
(tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)
ar
noble
(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
ar
noble
(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
arn
noble
(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
arphen
noble
(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.
arth
lofty
1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
baran
brown
1) baran (swart, dark brown, yellow brown, golden-brown), pl. berain; 2) rhosc (red, russet), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc
baran
brown
(swart, dark brown, yellow brown, golden-brown), pl. berain
beleg
mighty
1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
bell
strong
1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)
bell
strong
lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.
brenia
endure
1) brenia- (i vrenia, i mreniar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8) LONG ENDURED, see brûn under OLD
brona
last
(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
calar
lamp
#calar (i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. *calardan.
calar
lamp
(i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. ✱calardan.
callon
hero
1) callon (i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath; 2) thalion (dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
dolen
hidden
1) dolen (secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen. 2) hall (veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”, 3) thoren (guarded, fenced), pl. thorin, 4) thurin (secret); no distinct pl. form_.
dolen
hidden
(secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen.
dorn
tough
1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
dâf
permission
dâf (i dhâf, construct daf), pl. daif (i naif), coll. pl. davath
dâf
permission
(i dhâf, construct daf), pl. daif (i naif), coll. pl. davath
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
dúlinn
nightingale
1) dúlinn (i dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i núlinn) (SD:302). 2) merilin (i verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind. 3) tinúviel (”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath (MR:373, WJ:62)
dû
night
1) dû (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dû
nightfall
(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
fuin
gloom
(darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
glinga
hang
*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
glinga
hang
(i ’linga, in glingar) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
hethu
obscure
_(adjective) _1) *hethu (foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hethu
obscure
(foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
iell
girl
1) iell (-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill; 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath. 3) (girl in her teens, approaching the adult) neth (also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
iell
girl
(-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill
laden
flat
1) laden (plain, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT), 2) *talu (lenited dalu, analogical pl. tely). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” dalw (LR:353 s.v. DAL; notice how dalath from the same root was changed to talath in Sindarin).
laden
plain
(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
plain
(flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
lant
fall
_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
lant
fall
(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
maethor
warrior
1) maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)
merilin
nightingale
(i** verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind.
morchant
shadow
1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),
morchant
shadow
(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
môr
black
1) môr (dark), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also morn (dark), pl. myrn, lenited #vorn. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386) The lenited form #vorn appears, compounded, in the name of the
môr
black
(dark), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr (Letters:382), also morn (dark), pl. **myrn, lenited #vorn. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386) The lenited form #vorn appears, compounded, in the name of the
nu
under
1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
nu
under
followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)
nîd
wet
nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nîd
wet
(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
ogol
evil
1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
palath
surface
1) palath (i balath, o phalath), pl. pelaith (i phelaith). 2) (flat surface) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (plane, flatlands, plain, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.
raud
noble
(eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
rom
horn
1) rom (trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.) 2) rass (mountain peak), pl. #rais** (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg. 3) rafn (wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn); 4) tarag (i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig**). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).
sell
girl
(i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath.
tadol
double
(lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
taen
high mountain
(i daen, o thaen) (height), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaen). Note: a homophone means ”long (and thin)”.
taen
height
taen (i daen, o thaen) (summit of high mountain), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaen). Note: a homophone means ”long (and thin)”.
taen
height
(i daen, o thaen) (summit of high mountain), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaen). Note: a homophone means ”long (and thin)”.
talath
flat surface
(i dalath, o thalath) (plane, flatlands, plain, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.
talath
wide valley
(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*
talath
plain
(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.
talath
plain
(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.
talath
surface
(i dalath, o thalath) (plane, flatlands, plain, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.
talf
palm
(of hand) 1) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) *plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9) PASS THE SENSITIVE PALM OVER A SURFACE, see .
talf
palm
(i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) ✱plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9)
talt
falling
(adj.) talt (lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)
talt
falling
(lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)
talu
flat
(lenited dalu, analogical pl. tely). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” dalw (LR:353 s.v. DAL; notice how dalath from the same root was changed to talath in Sindarin).
tanc
firm
(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tanc
firm
(lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tara
tough
(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
tarag
horn
(i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).
taur
huge
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
huge
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
vast
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
vast
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
lofty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
sublime
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
sublime
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
mighty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
masterful
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
masterful
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
telluin
sole of the foot
(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *
thalion
strong
thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
strong
(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
hero
(dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
tinúviel
nightingale
(”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i** dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i** thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath** **(MR:373, WJ:62)
tâl
foot
(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
tâl
foot
(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
tân
maker
1) ?tân (i dân, o thân), only attested as -dan or -than as the final element of compounds, e.g. Círdan ”Ship-maker”). Construct tan, pl. tain (i thain), 2)
tân
maker
(i dân, o thân), only attested as -dan or -than as the final element of compounds, e.g. Círdan ”Ship-maker”). Construct tan, pl. tain (i thain)
um
evil
(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)
adu
adjective. double
arod
adjective. noble
arthor
noun. realm
crist
noun. cleaver, cleaver; [N.] sword; [G.] knife; slash, slice
del
noun. horror
dolen
adjective. hidden, hidden, [N.] secret
ethuil
noun. spring, spring [the season]
glân
adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean
gorog
noun. horror
iavas
noun. autumn, autumn, *harvest (time)
moth
noun. dusk
nim
adjective. white
nu
preposition. under
pân
adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole
@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11
sael
adjective. wise
taer
adjective. lofty, lofty, *high
taw
adverb. thither
thoss
noun. fear
tuil
noun. spring
cae
noun. earth
oeth
noun. war
plinn
noun. arrow
talu
adjective. flat
ummas
noun. evil
aphred
answer
_ n. _answer. Q. aquet. . This gloss was rejected.
arod
adjective. noble
adj. #noble.
arth
adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)
arthor
realm
_n. _realm.
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
belaith
adjective. mighty
adj. mighty. Q. melehta.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great. Q. melek-.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.
calar
noun. (portable) lamp
dû
night
_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
mor
black
_adj. _black.
naer
adjective. dreadful
_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, unendurable. Q. naira.
nîn
adjective. wet, watery
parch
adjective. naked
_ adj. _naked, of persons. Q. parka.
taer
lofty
adj. lofty. Q. tāra.
tagol
noun. post, mark
taug
adjective. firm
adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.
Anor
noun. sun
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Lossoth
noun. the Snowmen
Menel
noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
Tinnúviel
noun. nightingale
nightingale
adlann
adjective. sloping, tilted
anfangrim
noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)
anglennatha
verb. (he) will approach
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
arod
adjective. noble
arphen
noun. a noble
atheg
noun. "litte father"
atheg
noun. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
avo
verb. don't!
Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro
avon
verb. I won't
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
beleg
adjective. great, mighty
cae
noun. earth
This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies
calad
gerund noun. light
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
camlann
noun. palm of hand
car-
verb. to do
caro
verb. do! make!
celu
noun. spring, source
ceven
noun. Earth
cuio
verb. live!
denwaith
noun. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe
dring
noun. hammer
drúwaith
noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)
dúath
noun. nightshade
dúlin
noun. nightingale
edhel
noun. Elf
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eithel
noun. issue of water, spring, well
elleth
noun. elf-maid
ellon
noun. elf
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
ennorath
noun. central lands, middle-earth
fain
noun/adjective. white
fain
noun/adjective. cloud
falathrim
noun. people of the Falas
flâd
noun. skin
galad
noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)
galadhad
noun. the Two Trees of Valinor
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
gelir
noun. merry, happy, gay person
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
goeol
adjective. dreadful, terrifying
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
gorgor
noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear
gorog
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
guruthos
noun. the shadow of death, death-horror
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
imlad
noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)
imloth
noun. flower-valley, flowery vale
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
imrad
noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)
imrath
noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise
lad
noun. plain, valley
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
lammas
noun. account of tongues
lanc
noun. naked
lant
noun. fall
limp
adjective. wet
loen
adjective. soaking wet, swamped
los
noun. snow
lum
noun. shade
lâf
verb. (he) licks
lôd
verb. (he) floats
lû
noun. a time, occasion
medui
adjective. last
melui
adjective. lovely, sweet
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
mîdh
noun. dew
dew
nuin
preposition. under the
plad
noun. palm, flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread)
pêd
verb. (he) says
rammas
noun. (great) wall
ras
noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)
The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10
rasg
noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)
rhosg
adjective. brown
ring
adjective. cold
rochirrim
noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan
rom
noun. horn, trumpet
rîdh
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
rîf
noun. bark
sael
adjective. wise
silivren
adjective. (white) glittering
talath
noun. flat surface, plane
talath
noun. flat land, plain, (wide) valley
talf
noun. palm of hand
talu
adjective. flat
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
tolo
verb. come!
tum
noun. deep valley, under or among hills
tôl
verb. (he) comes
According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
uilos
noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
Anor
sun
1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.
achas
dread
(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.
achas
fear
(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.
achas
fear
(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)
ad
back
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
back
also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
against
(prep.) 1) ad (probably followed by soft mutation), 2)
ad
against
(probably followed by soft mutation)
amar
earth
(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair
ambenn
sloping upward
(uphill), pl. embinn
amrûn
sunrise
amrûn (orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn
amrûn
sunrise
(orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
an-
very
as in:
anann
for a long time
.
and
gate
!and (door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
gate
(door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
angol
deep lore
(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
angos
horror
1) angos (pl. engys) (VT45:15), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) girith (i **irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith), 5) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 6) gorog (i ngorog = i ñorog, o n**gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg. 7) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth. 8) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”, 9) goss (i **oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
angos
horror
(pl. engys) (VT45:15)
annon
great gate
(door), pl. *ennyn***
ardh
realm
ardh (region), pl. erdh
ardh
realm
(region), pl. erdh
arn
noble
(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.
arphen
noble
pl. erphin
arth
lofty
(noble, exalted), pl. erth
arwen
noble woman
(pl. erwin).****
auth
war
auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
auth
war
(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
auth
battle
(war), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
avorn
staying
(not moving, fast), pl. evyrn
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
beleg
mighty
(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig
beleg
great
beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
beleg
great
(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
blab
beat
1) blab- (i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp, 2) dringa- (i dhringa, in dringar).
blab
beat
(i vlâb, i mlebir) (flap), pa.t. blamp
brand
lofty
(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
noble
(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
brannon
lord
(i** vrannon), pl. brennyn (i** mrennyn), coll. pl. brannonnath
brenia
endure
(i vrenia, i mreniar)
brona
last
(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)
brûn
long endured
under
bâd
beaten track
(pathway) (i vâd, construct bad), pl. baid (i maid)
bâr
earth
(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
cae
earth
(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also
calad
light
_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calad
light
(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
callon
hero
(i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath
car
do
car- (i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415),
car
do
(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415)
caw
top
caw (i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
caw
top
(i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
celos
water falling swiftly from a spring
(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).
celu
spring
(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
celu
spring
(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.
ceredir
maker
ceredir (i geredir, o cheredir) (doer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)
ceredir
maker
(i geredir, o cheredir) (doer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)
ceven
earth
1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.
ceven
earth
(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)
cofn
void
(adjective) cofn (empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
cofn
void
(empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn
coth
enemy
(i goth, o choth), pl. cyth (i chyth).
crist
cleaver
crist (i grist, o christ) (sword), no distinct pl. form except with article (i christ)
crist
cleaver
(i grist, o christ) (sword), no distinct pl. form except with article (i christ)
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
delos
dread
(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
fear
(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
horror
(i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
loathing
(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
delos
loathing
(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
dilia
stop up
(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).
dim
gloom
(i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”.
dolen
secret
(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin
dorn
tough
(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn
dortha
stay
(i northa, i ndorthar) (dwell). Adj.
dring
hammer
(i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
dringa
beat
(i dhringa, in dringar).
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
dêl
fear
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dêl
horror
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dêl
loathing
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dî
under
unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
dúlinn
nightingale
(i** dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i** núlinn) (SD:302).
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
eithel
spring
(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
ennor
place name. central land, middle-earth
eruchen
children of the one
)
ethuil
spring
(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW
ethuil
spring
(no distinct pl. form).
faen
white
(radiant). No distinct pl. form.
fain
white
; no distinct pl. form.
falch
deep cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch;
faun
cloud
(pl. foen, coll. pl. fonath)
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
fân
cloud
1) fân (veil, also used of the manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain, 2) faun (pl. foen, coll. pl. fonath)
fân
cloud
(veil, also used of the manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
gae
dread
(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)
gaer
dreadful
1) gaer (awful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) naer (lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.
gaer
dreadful
(awful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gail
light
(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
gail
light
(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)
galad
sunlight
1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 2) glawar (i **lawar) (gold; radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10)
galad
sunlight
(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid).
galvorn
black metal
(i ’alvorn), pl. gelvyrn (i ngelvyrn = i ñelvyrn) if there is a pl. (WJ:322). 2) donn (swart, swarty, shady, shadowy) (lenited dhonn, pl. dynn). (VT45:11). Also dunn- in compounds.
gass
hole
(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)
gast
void
(i ’Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name)
gaw
void
(noun) 1) gaw (i **aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) (noun, "the Void" beyond the world) Gast (i **Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name), 3) iâ (chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
gaw
void
(i ’aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe)
gelir
merry
(attested as the S equivalent of the name Merry) gelir (lenited elir; no distinct pl. form).
girith
horror
(i ’irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith)
glaur
golden light
(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).
glawar
sunlight
(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
glawar
sunlight
glawar (i **lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
glân
white
1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.
glân
white
(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
goe
great fear
(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
gorgoroth
deadly fear
(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.
gorog
horror
(i ngorog = i ñorog, o n’gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg.
goroth
dread
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.
goroth
horror
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth.
gorth
dread
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.
gorth
horror
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”
goss
dread
(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
goss
horror
(i ’oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
gost
dread
(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).
gosta
fear exceedingly
(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)
goth
enemy
1) goth (i ngoth = i ñoth, o n**goth = o ñgoth), pl. gyth (in gyth = i ñgyth), 2) #gûd (i ngûd = i ñûd, o n**gûd = o ñgûd, construct gud) (foe), pl. guid (in guid = i ñgŷd). Isolated from the name Thuringud, Hidden Foe. 3) (also used = ”enmity”) coth (i goth, o choth), pl. cyth (i chyth).
goth
enemy
(i ngoth = i ñoth, o n’goth = o ñgoth), pl. gyth (in gyth = i ñgyth)
guruthos
dread of death
(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.
gwachae
far away
(adj.) *gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir).
gwachae
adjective. far away
gwathra
obscure
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwathra
obscure
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwaur
dirty
gwaur (soiled), lenited waur, pl. goer
gwaur
dirty
(soiled), lenited ’waur, pl. goer
gwend
maiden
gwend (i **wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath**. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwend
maiden
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwâth
shadow
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gôr
dread
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.
gôr
fear
(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gôr
horror
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gûd
enemy
(i ngûd = i ñûd, o n’gûd = o ñgûd, construct gud) (foe), pl. guid (in guid = i ñgŷd). Isolated from the name Thuringud, Hidden Foe.
hadron
warrior
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.
hall
hidden
(veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hallas
noun. height
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);
hell
naked
1) hell (lenited chell; pl. hill), 2) lanc (pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
hell
naked
(lenited chell; pl. hill)
heria
set vigorously out to do
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)
heron
lord
(i cheron, o cheron) (master), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath** (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn** ”lady”, other words for ”lord” may be preferred.
hâdh
cleaver
†hâdh (i châdh, o châdh, construct hadh, pl. haidh (i chaidh). _(Tolkien_s gloss of the word hâdh was illegible [LR:389 s.v. SYAD], but a compound including hâdh is equated with Quenya Sangahyando ”Throng-cleaver”.)
hâdh
cleaver
(i châdh, o châdh, construct hadh, pl. haidh (i chaidh). *(Tolkien’s gloss of the word hâdh was illegible [LR:389 s.v.*
hâdh
syad
is equated with Quenya Sangahyando ”Throng-cleaver”.)
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
hîr
lord
1) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9); 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (master), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath (VT45:22)._ _Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord” may be preferred. 3) brannon (i vrannon), pl. brennyn (i mrennyn), coll. pl. brannonnath; 4) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, victor), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
hîr
lord
(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)
hûl
cry of encouragement in battle
(i chûl, o chûl, construct hul), pl. huil (i chuil)
iavas
autumn
1) iavas, pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath; 2)
iavas
autumn
pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
im
deep vale
(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)
imlad
deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides
(glen), pl. imlaid;
imloth
flowering valley
(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).
imrath
valley
(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)
iâ
void
(chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
iâ
abyss
iâ (chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
iâ
abyss
(chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
l
autumn
asbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. l**asbeliniath**.
laden
flat
(plain, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
lanc
naked
(pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
lanthir
waterfall
(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.
lasbelin
autumn
lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.
lim
light
(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
limp
adjective. wet
limp
wet
(no distinct pl. form).
loen
soaking wet
(swamped), no distinct pl. form.
loss
snow
(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
loss
fallen snow
(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.)
lossen
snowy
(pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.
lossoth
snow-men
(a coll. pl.)
lâd
valley
(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid
lâd
plain
(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid
lû
time
_(a time) _1) lû (occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
lû
time
(occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
maeg
going deep in
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);
maeth
battle
(i vaeth) (fight), no distinct pl. except with article (i maeth).
maethor
warrior
(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)
maur
gloom
(i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)
medui
last
(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
medui
last
(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)
mesc
wet
1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)
mesc
wet
(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.
meth
last
(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
muil
shadow
(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
mîdh
dew
1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
mîdh
dew
(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)
naer
dreadful
(lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.
nand
valley
1) nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).
nand
valley
(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)
neth
girl
(also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. – The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
nimp
white
(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.
niphred
fear
(pallor); pl. niphrid.
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
nuitha
stop short
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).
nínim
snowdrop
(”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. – The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)
ogol
evil
(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)
orchall
lofty
(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)
orthelian
canopy
(pl. ortheliain)**
palath
surface
(i balath, o phalath), pl. pelaith (i phelaith).
penna
slant down
(i benna, i phennar)
post
pause
(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
post
halt
(noun) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
post
halt
(i bost, o phost) (pause, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
pân
all
(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.
pân
all
pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.
pôd
foot
(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).
pôd
foot
(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).
rafn
horn
(wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn)
rasg
noun. horn
rass
horn
(mountain peak), pl. #rais (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg.
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
raw
roaring noise
(rush), pl. roe (idh roe);
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
rhosc
brown
(red, russet), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc
riel
princess
#riel (garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.
riel
princess
(garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.
rim
cold pool/lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
ring
cold
(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),
ring
cold
(no distinct pl. form)
rist
cleaver
(sword) rist (cutter), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleft”.
rist
cleaver
(cutter), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleft”.
rom
horn
(trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.)
ross
dew
(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
rû
sound of horns
pl. rui (idh rui), also romru, pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
silivren
glittering white
(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb
teilia
play
(verb) teilia- (i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)
teilia
play
(i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)
teilien
play
(noun) teilien (i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).
teilien
play
(i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
tess
fine pierced hole
(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****
thafn
post
(= wooden pillar) thafn, pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath
thafn
post
pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath
thala
firm
1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).
thala
firm
(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili
thand
firm
(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).
thavron
builder
thavron (wright, carpenter), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath.
thavron
builder
(wright, carpenter), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath.
thoren
hidden
(guarded, fenced), pl. thorin
thurin
hidden
(secret); no distinct pl. form
thurin
secret
(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;
thurin
secret
(hidden); no distinct pl. form
till
sharp horn
(i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tofn
deep
tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tofn
deep
(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tol
come
tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH
tol
come
(i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254).
torech
hole
torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.
torech
hole
(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.
torn
down
(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
torn
down
(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
tuia
spring
(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
tuia
spring
(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
tulu
support
tulu (i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
tulu
support
(i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
tûm
deep valley
tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)
tûr
lord
(i** dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, victor), pl. tuir (i** thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
mastery
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
wen
maiden
, see MAIDEN. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
úmarth
evil fate
(pl. úmerth).
A Sindarin name of the Q. Nandor, sometimes also called Denwaith in association (or confusion) with their leader’s name Nan. Denweg (WJ/385). This name is a combination of dan “back again” and the lenited form of gwaith “people”, hence: “✱people [who go] back again”.
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this people was first called only the “Green-elves” (SM/133). Later Tolkien indicate that their name in their own languages was Danyar >> Danas, coined from the name of their leader Dan (LR/175). In the writing of the period, their name was often anglicized as “Danians” (LR/194). In The Etymologies, Tolkien said the name was derived from the root ᴹ√(N)DAN “back, backwards” (Ety/DAN), much like their later Sindarin and Quenya names.
In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s, Tolkien used the name Danathrim alongside the anglicanized form “Danians” (MR/169). In his Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 he used the name Danwaith, but by this period the name “Danian” had disappeared and Tolkien most frequently referred to them by their Quenya name: the Nandor.