Sindarin 

gwaith

noun. manhood

Sindarin [Ety/398, VT/46:21, X/E1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaith

noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people

Sindarin [Ety/398, VT/46:21, X/E1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaith

noun. region, wilderness

Sindarin [Ety/398, VT/46:21, X/E1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaith

noun. a 'people' associated by place and occupation

_n. _a 'people' associated by place and occupation. >> , rim, -waith

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:190] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gwaith

noun. people; region, people, [ᴱN.] men, folk; [N.] manhood; man-power, troop of able bodied men, host, regiment; [S.] region

Cognates

  • Q. vehtë “[a span of] life; habitat, haunt” ✧ PE17/190

Derivations

  • wegtē “activity, occupation” ✧ PE17/189
    • WEG “live, be active, live, be active; [ᴹ√] (manly) vigour” ✧ PE17/189
  • WĒ/EWE “person, being, individual” ✧ PE17/190

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
weg-tē > gwaith[wegtē] > [wektē] > [wekte] > [wektʰe] > [wexθe] > [gwexθe] > [gweiθe] > [gweiθ] > [gwaiθ]✧ PE17/189
Sindarin [Let/224; PE17/190; SA/gwaith] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. stain

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. world

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. region

Cognates

  • Q. arda “region, realm, particular land or region, region, realm, particular land or region; [ᴱQ.] place, spot” ✧ WJ/402

Derivations

  • gardā “region” ✧ WJ/402
    • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gardā > gardh[gardā] > [garda] > [garða] > [garð]✧ WJ/402
Sindarin [UT/034; WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adanath

noun. men

Sindarin [MR/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

guruthos

noun. the shadow of death, death-horror

Sindarin [di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fain

dim

adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:174] < *_phanyā_ < PHAN cover, screen, veil. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

Sindarin [Ety/364, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

noun. great region, province

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

noun. world

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

drúadan

noun. wild man, one of the Woses

Sindarin [UT/385] drû+adan. Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhovan

noun. wilderness

Sindarin [Rhovanion LotR/Map, VT/46:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dae

noun. shadow

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dae

noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade

Element in

  • S. Daeron ✧ SA/dae
  • S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror” ✧ SA/dae

dîr

noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix

A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:

> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).

Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • ndir ✧ PE17/060
Sindarin [PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adan

noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)

Sindarin [LotR/A(v), S/427, PM/324, WJ/387, Letters/282] Q. atan. Group: SINDICT. Published by

lum

noun. shade

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Dúnadan

noun. Man of the west, Númenórean

Sindarin [LotR/I:XII, WJ/378, S/390] dûn+adan. Group: SINDICT. Published by

adanadar

noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men

Sindarin [MR/373] adan+adar. Group: SINDICT. Published by

morchant

noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape

Sindarin [S/432, VT/42:9] morn+cant "dark shape". Group: SINDICT. Published by

drû

noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man

In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word

Sindarin [UT/385] MS *druγ, Dr druγu. Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)

gwaith

people

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

people

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwaith

wilderness

(i ’waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith).

gwaith

manhood

gwaith (i **waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

manhood

(i ’waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)

gwaith

regiment

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

regiment

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwaith

able-bodied men, troop of

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

manpower

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

manpower

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)

gwaith

manpower

(i ’waith) (manhood, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)

gwaith

able-bodied men, troop of

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)

gwatha

stain

(verb) gwatha- (i **watha, in gwathar**) (soil)

gwatha

stain

(i ’watha, in gwathar) (soil)

gwathra

dim

(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwathra

dim

(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwâth

shadow

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

gwâth

shade

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gwâth

dim light

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261);

denwaith

people of denwe

(WJ:385);

gwathren

dim

(adj.) gwathren (shadowy), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

gwathren

dim

(shadowy), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

gwathuirim

people of dunland

(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);

auth

dim shape

(spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

nath

web

(pl. naith).

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

gwaen

stained

(lenited ’waen; no distinct pl. form)

gwass

stain

(noun) 1) gwass (i **wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i **wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith), 2) (noun) maw (i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”. 3) mael (i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.

gwass

stain

(i ’wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i ’wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith)

gwî

web

1) gwî (i **) (net), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) nath (pl. naith**).

gwî

web

(i ’wî) (net), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.

gwanur

kinsman, kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

gwanur

kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

iathrim

people of doriath

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

ardh

region

1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien)

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

milt

noun. semen

Cognates

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

herth

troop

1) _(troop under a hîr = ”lord”)_ herth (i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth). 2)

herth

troop

(i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth).

mael

stain

(i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.

maw

stain

(i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

ilphen

 noun. everyone

il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).

Sindarin [Realelvish.net] Group: Neologism. Published by

mael

stained

(lenited vael; no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”lust”. Another adj.

thalion

dauntless man

(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”. 

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

rhavan

wild man

(?i thravan or ?i ravanthe lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:

eriador

wilderness

(a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.

fuin

nightshade

(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.

loss

wilderness

(construct los; pl. lyss). (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”fallen snow”.)

rhovannor

wilderness

1) rhovannor (?i throvannor or ?i rovannor the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhovennyr (?idh rovennyr) (VT46:10); 2) Eriador (a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.; 3) gwaith (i **waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith). 4) loss (construct los; pl. lyss). (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth**] and ”fallen snow”.)

rhovannor

wilderness

(?i throvannor or ?i rovannor – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhovennyr (?idh rovennyr) (VT46:10)

adan

man

(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.

dae

shadow

(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).

dae

shade

(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)

dîr

man

1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

daew

shadow

(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).

muil

shadow

(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

lhing

spider’s web, cobweb

(?i thling or ?i lingthe lenition product of lh is uncertain) (also used = ”spider”); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i ling). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thling.

lûm

shade

(pl. luim).

send

sinda

#send (i hend, o send, construct sen) _(probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda)_, pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. _Elu-_people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves ELVES; see under FORSAKEN.

send

sinda

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. Elu-people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves

firion

mortal man

(pl. firyn).

morchant

shadow

1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),

morchant

shadow

(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.

haradrim

people of the south

(southerners, southrons);

rohirrim

people of rohan

(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see

bôr

trusty man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.