rim

noun. host, great number, people (of one kind or origin), host, great number, people (of one kind or origin), [N.] crowd

A word for a “great number” (PE17/50), a “people (of one kind or origin)” (PE17/190), or a “host” (Let/382). It was frequently used as a class plural suffix -rim.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s has N. rhim “crowd, host” derived from ᴹ✶rimbē under the root ᴹ√RIM, reflecting the 1930s sound change whereby initial *r* unvoiced to *rh* (Ety/RIM). In Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. drim “a host, countless number” (PE13/142), while in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL) of the 1910s it was G. grim “host” (GL/54). In GL, there was also an adjective G. lim “many” often used as a plural suffix -lim or -rim, the latter by dissimilation after l and by confusion with grim (GL/54).

rim

great number

_ n. _great number. >> rimb

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rim

a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, lî

rimb

great number

_ n. _great number. >> rim

naugrim

collective name. Dwarves

A term for the Dwarves as a race, translated “Stunted People” (S/91) or “Stunted Folk” (WJ/388), a combination of naug “stunted” and the class-plural suffix -rim (SA/naug, rim; WJ/388).

Conceptual Development: In earliest Lost Tales, the common collective term for the Dwarves was G. Nauglath (LT1/236), replaced with N. Nauglar or Nauglir in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/104, 311; LR/405). Later in the 1930s, the form Naug-rim emerged (LR/273), which Tolkien generally used thereafter.

rochirrim Archaic

collective name. Horse-lords

Archaic form of the name Rohirrim, a combination of roch “horse”, hîr “lord” and the class-plural suffix -rim “land” (Let/178, UT/318).

El(d)rim

noun. elves

el(d) (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + rim (collective plural suffix) Ll-r in secondary contact > ldr, later again simplified.

Laegrim (Laegel(d)rim)

noun. green elves

laeg (“fresh and green”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

-rim

suffix. collective or group plural

-rim

suffix. general or group plural ending

pl. suff. general or group plural ending. >> -ath

rim

cold pool/lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool or lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool/lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

cold pool or lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

great number

(crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

lî

noun. a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, rim

onod

noun. Ent

The Sindarin word for “Ent” (Let/224), appearing its plural forms Onodrim and Enyd in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1130).

Conceptual Development: The earliest name of the “Entwash” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s was N. Ogodrûth, indicating a previous form of this word: N. Ogod (TI/250).

hoth

crowd

1. hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

lae

great number

lae (no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

lae

great number

1. lae (no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), 2) rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

lae

great number

(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rem

mesh

(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rem

net

(mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath. Verb

nogoth

noun. [Greater] Dwarf

ell Archaic

noun. Elf

ael

pool

1. ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

gwanod

number

(noun) gwanod (i **wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**),

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

lîn

lake

1. lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

nedia

number

(verb) *nedia- (reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

ring

cold

(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),

-ath

suffix. collective or group plural

ael

noun. lake, pool, mere

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

lae

noun. great number

laegel

proper name. Green-elves

A Sindarin term for the Green Elves (WJ/385), a combination of laeg “green” and †Ell “Elf”.

loeg

noun. pool

loeg

noun. pool

lîn

noun. pool

lô

noun. shallow lake, fenland

ring

adjective. cold

thend Archaic

noun. *Sinda, Grey-Elf

ael

lake

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

gwanod

number

(i ’wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd)

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

lae

noun. great number

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

lîn

lake

(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lô

shallow lake

(fenland), pl. lŷ.

nedia

number

(reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

nên

lake

(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

ring

cold

(no distinct pl. form)

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. rhim “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI “cold” (Ety/RINGI). This word is the final element of N. Mithrim “✱Grey Lake” in The Etymologies, but in later writings Tolkien explained this name differently, deriving the name from the Elves that lived around the lake, so it may have been abandoned.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. rim. Since √RINGI “cold” survived in later writings, this word may still be viable, though it would conflict with S. rim “host, a great number”.

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

-rim

suffix. group plural

mithrim

place name. *Mist Lake

lhae

noun. great number

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as N. lhae “great number” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lai- which was an a-fortified form of the root ᴹ√LI “many” (EtyAC/LI).

Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lae “great number” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial *l* to *lh* was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had {lhî “folk” >>} ᴱN. lhí “many, a number” from primitive ᴱ✶lē (PE13/148).

-ath

suffix. collective or group plural

-lim

suffix. group plural, group plural, [G.] many

helch

noun. bitter cold

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

lhae

noun. great number

lhîn

noun. pool

lhîn

noun. pool

liniath

noun. pools

oel

noun. lake, pool, mere

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

rhing

adjective. cold

rhing

adjective. cold

rimbë

crowd, host, great number

rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)

rim-

prefix. (very) many

rimi

pronoun. (very) many

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

linya

pool

linya noun "pool" (LIN1)

liyúmë

host

liyúmë noun "host" (VT48:32)

liyúmë

noun. host

A word for “host” appearing in notes from the late 1960s, a combination of li(n)- “many” and -úmë “large (of quanity)” (VT48/32).

lóna

pool, mere

lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?

nendë

pool

nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

niquë

noun. cold, cold; [ᴹQ.] snow

nótë

number

nótë noun "number" (NOT)

ringa

cold

ringa adj. "cold" (Markirya); the Etymologies gives ringë (RINGI), but it seems that ringa is to be preferred (cf. Ringarë below). Yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). According to VT46:11, Tolkien originally used the form ringa in Etym as well; later he would restore it. - In early "Qenya", ringa is glossed "damp, cold, chilly" (LT1:265)

ringa

adjective. cold, cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; damp

ringwë

cold pool or lake (in mountains)

ringwë (1) noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)" (VT46:11). The misreading ringë appears in Etym as printed in LR, entry RINGI.

ringë

cold

ringë adj. "cold", also ringa (which form is to be preferred; cf. Ringarë in LotR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, ringë is also given as a noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)", but according to VT46:11 this noun should read ringwë. (RINGI)

sanga

crowd, press, throng

sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)

yelwa

cold

yelwa (2) adj. "cold" (LT1:260 this "Qenya" word is apparently obsoleted by # 1 above. In LotR-style Quenya, the regular term for "cold" seems to be ringa.)

hríma

noun. edge, hem, border

(g)lan

root. rim, edge, border, boundary

A root appearing in Tolkien’s notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, glossed “rim, edge, border, boundary” and with numerous derivatives of similar meaning (VT42/8). Tolkien coined this root to explain the river name S. Glanduin, which he translated as “Border-river” in this context. In these same notes (or perhaps other notes that were close contemporaries) Tolkien also said the Sindarin name of the Mering Stream in Rohan was S. Glanhír “Boundary Stream” (UT/318).

The Sindarin and Telerin derivatives of this root have an initial gl-, with the sole exception of S. lanc/T. lanca “sharp edge, sudden end”. According to Tolkien: “It is debated whether gl- was an initial group in Common Eldarin or was a Telerin-Sindarin innovation (much extended in Sindarin)”. For the purpose of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is probably best to assume the gl- is from Common Eldarin, to keep this root distinct from √LAN which in earlier writing was the basis for various words having to do with threads and weaving (PE17/60; Ety/LAN).

rip

root. *strip, stripe, rim

ringi

root. cold

Tolkien used very similar forms for Elvish words for “cold” for all of his life. The earliest iteration of this root was unglossed ᴱ√RIŊI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” and ᴱQ. ringa “damp, cold, chilly” (QL/80). The root had similar derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. rî “coolness, cool” and G. ring “cool, cold” (GL/65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root {ᴹ√RINGĀ >>} ᴹ√RINGI “cold” with derivatives like ᴹQ. ringe/N. rhing “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). Primitive forms ✶riñgi “chill” and ✶riñgā appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/80), and Christopher Tolkien mentioned √ring as the basis for cold words in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA/ring).

glana

noun. edge, rim

loeg

noun. pool

@@@ as suggested by Lokyt, possibly a plural form of unattested log, since it is glossed in the plural in the source material: “pools”