@@@ GOTH only evident in N. deloth and Gothmog
Middle Primitive Elvish
niñkwi
adjective. white, pale
sliñgē
noun. spider, spider’s web, cobweb
diñg
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
linga
root. hang
l(a)ik
root. keen, sharp, acute
uñgwē
noun. gloom
niñkwitā-
verb. to whiten
(g)laibē
noun. ointment
(g)libda
noun. soap
atakwē
noun. construction, building
geng(wā)
root. sick
-b(iy)ē
suffix. -ing
anad
root. *long
andā
adjective. long
ding
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
bal’tār-
proper name. Vala-king
ailin
noun. pool, lake
angwa
root. snake
aı̯an-
adjective. holy
dring
root. beat, strike
k’lā́
noun. light
neŋgǝ
noun. beak, nose
ektele
noun. spring, issue of water
el(ed)
root. star, starry sky, star-folk, Elf
et-kelē
noun. spring, issue of water
g-lisi
noun. honey
n(y)ar
root. tell, relate
oı̯yā
adjective. everlasting
órku
noun. goblin
andambundā
adjective. long-snouted
tyalañgando
noun. harper, harp-player, harper
(a)lak
root. swift, rushing
akla(r)
root. radiance, splendour
alar-si
interjection. hail!
askarā
adjective. tearing, hastening
barasā
adjective. hot, burning
ber
root. valiant
tyalı̯ā-
verb. to play
(a)ranyā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
(a)ranı̯ā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
añgosse
noun. horror
eled-nil
masculine name. Eled-nil
es¹
root. indicate, name
phal(as)
root. foam
eteŋgoldǝ
proper name. eteŋgoldǝ
álākō
noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind
andọl
noun. long pole
asmalindē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
balīndore
proper name. balīndore
dag
root. dig
dub
root. lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)
dōmilindē
noun. nightingale
et-kuiwē
noun. awakening
law
root. warm
law
root. abound
miw
root. whine
nī/ini
root. female
stangasyandō
proper name. throng-cleaver, throng-cleaver, throng-hewer
initial-s-groups
?. Gnome-realm
skalatirnō̆
noun. fish watcher
aiwē
noun. (small) bird
anga
root. iron
angā
noun. angā
berékā
adjective. wild
bessē
noun. wife
b’randā
adjective. lofty, noble, fine
dar
root. stay, wait, stop, remain
duy
root. *flow
gal²
root. grow
nowo
root. think, form idea, imagine
asmalē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
berō
noun. valiant man, warrior
nau̯þe
noun. imagination
at(at)
root. again, back, back, again, twice, two
aikwā
adjective. tall, steep
alat
root. large, great in size
alkwā
noun. swan
alā́ri
noun. bliss
anta-
verb. to give, present
at
root. back, again, twice, two
atalat-
verb. slip right down, collapse, fall to ruin
ba(n)
root. go, proceed
barasā́
adjective. hot, burning
birit
root. BIRIT
dab
root. give way, make room, permit, allow
daʒrā
adjective. great, large
dom
root. faint, dim
doʒ
root. night
dōmi
noun. night, twilight, gloom
edel-
noun. Star-folk, Elf
ete
adverb. back, below
eñma
?. eñma
gais-
verb. to dread
gal¹
root. shine
la(n)sro-ndo
verb. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
lilta
root. dance
tinko
root. metal
ulyā
verb. it is raining
(a)yan
root. *holy
(e)ned
root. centre, middle
(e)rek
root. thorn, holly
ab(ar)
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
ak
root. narrow, confined
akrā
adjective. narrow
aktō
noun. artificer, maker, wright
bar
root. raise, uplift, save, rescue(?)
bel
root. strong
beuyā-
verb. follow, serve
bew
root. follow, serve
boron-
verb. boron-
danta-
verb. fall
ed(er)
root. open
ede(l)
root. precede, come forward, hence
ektel-
verb. to gush
es(et)
root. precede (forward)
etsiri
noun. mouth of a river
ettul-
verb. to come out
gaisrā
adjective. dreadful
khalnā́
adjective. noble, exalted
mad-lī
noun. honey-eater
ē¹
root. indeed
ugu/umu
root. negative stems
(l)alam
root. elm-tree
ab
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
abtā-
verb. to away, go away
akkala-
verb. to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly
al
prefix. without
angosse
noun. horror
auluta-
verb. [unglossed]
ayak
root. sharp, pointed
baradā
adjective. lofty, sublime
bedūina
proper name. *of Spouses
bor(on)
root. endure
b’radil-
feminine name. b’radil-
ektelu-
verb. to well, bubble up, gush forth
ter(es)
root. pierce
a
root. intensive prefix
besū
noun. husband and wife, married pair
e
root. intensive prefix
-d
suffix. allative
belē
noun. strength
beurō
noun. follower, vassal
eledandore
place name. *Elf-land
endero
masculine name. (?virile) young bridegroom
er
root. be alone, deprived
ben
root. corner (from inside), angle from inside
tau̯rā
adjective. masterful, mighty
at-yēn-ar
noun. anniversery day
balandore
proper name. balandore
bestā
noun. matrimony
buzbu
root. *large fly
buzbō
noun. large fly
dat
root. fall down, fall
ednōno
noun. firstborn
edēlā
noun. firstborn, eldest
ga
pronoun. indefinite subject
khith/khis
root. mist, fog
ngalámbe
noun. barbarous speech
yen-rinde
noun. year
ndanithārō
masculine name. Saviour of the Dani
arʒāndōrē
place name. Dread Land
e mati-the
he eats him (another man)
etkat-
verb. to fashion
wa-nōrō
noun. one of kin
ai
adverb. possibility
alarʒǝ
proper name. very dread
dyel
root. feel fear and disgust, abhor
gos/goth
root. dread
pal
root. wide (open)
ēntrende
place name. Outer Lands, East
alakarƀǝ
proper name. very active
potō
root. animal’s foot
-k’to
suffix. maker, wright
-ā
suffix. present suffix
-ā
suffix. present suffix
a-²
prefix. a-²
a-¹
prefix. complete
amtā
noun. jaws, animal’s mouth
beuyā́-
verb. follow, serve
e
pronoun. he, she, it
ek
root. spear, (sharp) point, thorn
el
root. star, starry sky
en
adverb. yonder
en
root. yonder, over there
-ndo
verb. agental suffix
-bā
suffix. -bā
ala¹
root. *blessed
ankā
noun. jaw, row of teeth
anār
noun. Sun
ari
noun. day
atta
cardinal. two
atta
root. two
atyēnar
noun. anniversary day
bal
root. *power
balā
noun/adjective. powerful, Power, God
ban
root. *beauty
barathī
feminine name. Spouse of Manwe
bes
root. wed
dagdā
noun. pit
dal
root. flat
daram
root. beat, hew, *[ᴱ√] batter, *thud
dattā
noun. hole, pit
den
root. hole, gap, passage
dil
root. stop up, fill up hole
dun
root. dark (of colour)
enek
root. six
ezge
root. rustle, noise of leaves, shade
kub
root. bow
tal
root. foot
tata
root. two
tuı̯
verb. grow fat, swell?
beu̯rō
noun. follower, vassal
eph
root. emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)
ad
root. entrance, gate
adnō
noun. gate
amī̆l
noun. mother
anat
root. ANAT
arān
noun. arān
bad-
verb. to judge
bale
noun. Bale
banā
feminine name. Banā
bād-
noun. judgement
daiō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
darak
root. *wolf
daı̯ō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
dus
root. ?burn
eled
root. Star-Folk, Elves
eʒ-
verb. to be
amba-
adverb. amba-
baran
root. russet, brown
barat
root. *tower
barath
root. *queen
barnā
adjective. barnā
besnō
noun. husband
b’rōnā
adjective. b’rōnā
daʒ
root. great
dimbā
adjective. sad, gloomy
dimbē
noun. gloom, sadness
doron
root. oak
dyelek
root. sword?
edenā
adjective. first
esek
root. *sedge, reed
es²
root. *place
farā-
verb. farā-
ku̯ilẹz
noun. quiet
mbād-
noun. judgement, sentence
rautā
root. copper, metal
tiu̯kā
adjective. thick, fat
wā(n)
root. goose
ōmat-
verb. to eat away, devour, corrode
ū́banō
noun. monster
khus
root. up from below ground, to ground level
ammat-
verb. to devour
ar²
root. beside, outside
baryā-
verb. to protect
baryā́-
verb. to protect
bátā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
b’rittē
noun. broken stones, gravel
day
root. shadow
dem
root. sad, gloomy
erekwa
adjective. isolated
k’rikta
verb. reap
tambā́-
verb. to knock
turumā́
noun. shield
turúmbē
noun. shield
wed-tā
noun/verb. contract
battā
verb. trample
battā́
verb. trample
batā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
bálāre
place name. Bálāre
bérya-
verb. to dare
earendẹl
proper name. Earendẹl
gū/mū
root. no, not
phéren
noun. beech-tree
syad-ta
noun. axe-stroke
táwārē̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)
táwārō̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)
eter
root. open, come out (of flowers/sun/etc.)
abāro
noun. refuser, one who does not go forth
b’rás-sē
noun. heat
syatsē̆la
noun. broadsword-blade, axe-blade
epe ndere
after the man
ábārō̆
noun. departer, one who goes forth, refuser, one who does not go forth
b’rethā
noun. beech-mast
oy
root. ever, eternal
khusu
root. up from below ground, to ground level
thar
root. across, beyond
b’rekta
verb. break out suddenly
[y]
?. [y]
abar
root. *refuser
ambar
noun. ambar
am²
root. up
am¹
root. mother
amƀus
noun. breast
ap
root. ?cook
ar¹
root. day
arʒā
noun/adjective. dread
asat
root. *dust
ata
root. father
atar
noun. father
atū
noun. father
barad
root. BARAD
baras
root. *heat
bat
root. tread
bed
root. BED
bedū
noun. bedū
berek
root. BEREK
bereth
root. beech
b’rássē
noun. heat
doʒmē
noun. doʒmē
d’rāk
noun. d’rāk
epe
preposition. after
eredē
noun. seed
et
preposition. out, forth
et
root. out, forth
ezdē
noun. rest
eʒ
root. be
merek
root. MEREK
yē
root. to be@@@ rejection may be due to introduction of yén “year” (PE22/86)
* (g)laire
noun. long lay
* finweg
masculine name. Finwe
* eledā
noun. Star-folk, Elf
This root appeared in The Etymologies, with derivatives only in the Telerin and Noldorin languages, making it likely that Quenya did not use this root. Its most notable derivative was the name N. Beor “Vassal”, primogenitor of the House of Beor.
In later writings, Tolkien said that Bëor “signified ‘Vassal’ in the name of his people [that is, in Beorian]” (S/142), indicating that this name was not Sindarin. This calls into question whether √BEW remained valid as a Primitive Elvish root in later writings. It is possible, though, that beor was a loan word into Beorian from Sindarin or Nandorin, so that its Sindarin and Telerin derivatives remained valid.
@@@ Derivatives