karan

root. red

This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic ṛ (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
• ᴹ✶k’rannā “ruddy (of face)” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
  • N. crann “ruddy (of face); face, blush, the cheeks, ruddy (of face); blush, the cheeks, face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
• ᴹQ. karanya- “to make red, redden”

Element in

• N. Caradras “Redhorn” ✧ Ety/RAS
• N. Cranthir “Ruddy-face” ✧ Ety/THĒ

Variations

• KARÁN ✧ Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ

karani

adjective. red

Changes

• kárāni → karani ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
• N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

• kárāni ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (kárāni)

kuldā

adjective. red

Derivations

• ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Derivatives

• N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Variations

• guldā ✧ Ety/GUL (guldā)

red

root. scatter, sow

Changes

• ERĒD → ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶eredē “seed” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
  • Ilk. erdh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD
  • ᴹQ. erde “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
  • N. eredh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
• ᴹ✶reddā “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
  • ᴹQ. resta “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
  • N. rîdh “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
• ᴺQ. rel- “to sow”
• ᴹQ. rer- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED
• N. rhedh- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Variations

• ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD; Ety/RED
• ERĒD ✧ EtyAC/ERÉD (ERĒD)

kul

root. golden-red

Changes

• GUL → KUL “glow, shine gold or red” ✧ Ety/GUL
• KUL → KUL “gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KUL
• KUL → KUL “red” ✧ Ety/KUL

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶kuldā “red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
  • N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kulda “flame-coloured, golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kulina “flame-coloured, golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kullo “red gold” ✧ Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kulo “flame” ✧ EtyAC/KUL
• ᴹQ. kulu “gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KUL; Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kuluina “orange (coloured); of gold, golden” ✧ Ety/KUL; Ety/KUL
• ᴹQ. kuluma “orange [fruit]” ✧ Ety/KUL
• N. côl “gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KUL
• N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/KUL
• N. cûl “flame” ✧ EtyAC/KUL

Element in

• ᴹ✶lingikā̆la “Hanging-flame” ✧ EtyAC/KAL (lingi-kulda)

Variations

• GUL ✧ Ety/GUL (GUL); EtyAC/KUL; EtyAC/YUL
• KULU ✧ Ety/KUL (KULU)

roy

root. ruddy, red

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. roina “ruddy” ✧ Ety/ROY²
• N. gruin “ruddy” ✧ Ety/ROY²

Variations

• GROJ ✧ Ety/ROY²

gay

root. *red, copper-coloured, ruddy

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” with the derived adjectives ᴹQ. aira and N. goer of similar meaning (Ety/GAWA). It replaced a (deleted) root ᴹ√GAIRĀ (EtyAC/GAIRĀ). Its most notable derivative is the name N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn” (Ety/TARÁK), which was the precursor in Lord of the Rings drafts of 1940s to the name of S. Caradhras “Redhorn” (RS/419). Given the eventual replacement of this name in the final version of The Lord of the Rings Tolkien likely abandoned this root, especially given its conflict with the later root √GAY(AR) “awe, dread” that was the basis for words for “sea”.

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. aira “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY
• N. goer “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY; EtyAC/GAIRĀ

Element in

• N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn” ✧ Ety/TARÁK

Variations

• GAIRĀ ✧ EtyAC/GAIRĀ (GAIRĀ)