mi

preposition. *in

Changes

• mi → vi “*in” ✧ VT50/18

Cognates

• Q. mi “in, in, [ᴹQ.] within”

Derivations

• ✶mī “in, within”
  • √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30

Element in

• S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
• S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
• S. bo Ceven sui vi Menel “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/27
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/18
• S. inn dha v’im “I have a good mind (to do so), (lit.) there is an ‘inn’ in me” ✧ PE22/165
• ᴺS. mivan “where, (lit.) in/at what”
• S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18; VT50/18

Variations

• vi ✧ VT50/18; VT50/19

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

uin

preposition. of the

erin

preposition. on the

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

Cognates

• Q. i “the” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

• S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
• S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings”
• S. anglennatha i Varanduiniant erin dolothen Ethuil “will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring” ✧ SD/129
• S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/24
• S. Annon-in-Gelydh “Gate of the Noldor” ✧ S/238
• S. aran Gondor ar Arnor ar Hîr i Mbair Annui “king of Gondor and Arnor and Lord of the Westlands” ✧ SD/129
• S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/24
• S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
• S. Athrad i-Negyth “Ford of the Dwarves” ✧ WJ/338
• S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” ✧ WJ/379
• S. Bar-in-Gwael ✧ WJ/418
• S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
• S. caro den i innas lin “thy will be done” ✧ VT44/24
• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
• S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164
• S. cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102
• S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106
• S. Dor i Thuin
• S. Dúnad in Gyrth “Descent of the Dead” ✧ NM/364
• S. Echad i Sedryn “Camp of the Faithful” ✧ UT/153
• S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ SD/129; SD/129
• S. Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807
• S. Gwaith-i-Mírdain “People of the Jewel Smiths”
• S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054
• S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
• S. i chîn Húrin “*the children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/18
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/12; VT50/15
• S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
• S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/12
• S. Men-i-Naugrim “Dwarf Road, (lit.) Way of the Dwarves” ✧ NM/372; UT/280
• S. Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ MR/373; S/198; UT/057
• S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/039
• S. Nern in Adanath “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
• S. Nern in Edenedair “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
• S. Nîn-in-Eilph “Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans” ✧ NM/378
• S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
• S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061
• S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18
• S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
• S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
• S. Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” ✧ UT/319
• S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ UT/054
• S. tolo i arnad lín “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT44/24

Variations

• i ✧ Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; NM/164; NM/372; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/066; S/198; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; UT/280; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/18; VT50/18; VT50/23; WJ/338
• i- ✧ LotR/1061; LotR/1114
• in ✧ NM/364
• i· ✧ PE17/147
• ir ✧ VT50/23

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

în

noun. year

A Sindarin word for “year”, derived from the primitive root ᴹ√YEN of similar meaning, with its vowel sound the result of [[s|a long [ē] becoming [ī]]].

Conceptual Development: The word în first appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the gloss and derivation given above. It did not directly appear in Tolkien’s later writings, but was an element in several later words such as S. ínias “annals” and S. iphant “aged” (lit. “year full”). Furthermore, its Quenya cognate yén did reappear in the Lord of the Rings appendices.

In The Etymologies, both N. în and ᴹQ. yén were glossed “year”, and there were other words for longer periods of time, such as ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” and N. anrand “cycle, age”. In the Lord of the Rings and other later writings, Tolkien changed the meaning Q. yén to an “Elvish century” of 144 years. It is quite likely that S. în also changed to this meaning, but since it did not appear as an independent word in later writing, we have no direct confirmation of this.

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers continue to use în with the sense “year” (that is, a solar year of 365 days). If you are concerned with this word’s true meaning, you might instead use a neologism for this period of time, such as ᴺS. lóran or ᴺS. coranor, but since these are not in widespread use, it is less likely a reader would understand your meaning.

Cognates

• Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”

Derivations

• ᴹ√YEN “year”

Element in

• ᴺS. edinor “anniversary day”
• S. ínias “annals” ✧ MR/200
• S. iphant “*aged, [N.] aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full”
• ᴺS. penninor “full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve”

Variations

• ín ✧ MR/200

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

bo

preposition. on

na

preposition. at

prep. at (a point of time or place). Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

idhrinn

noun. year

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

nan

preposition. of

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042

sui

conjunction. as, like

be

preposition. in; ?as, like, as, like; in

A preposition appearing in the King’s Letter, glossed “in”. Carl Hostetter’s suggested it is connected to the root √MI/IMI “in” via the strengthened form MBI that appears in Q. imbë “between” (VT31/19-20). David Salo instead proposed that it may be a cognate of Q. ve “as, like” derived from primitive ✶bē, suffixed with a form of the definite article -n and having the sense “as in the [Shire-reckoning]” (SG/226). This second option seems more likely to me; the primitive form ✶bē was not published when Carl Hostetter made his analysis. @@@

Cognates

• Q. ve “as, like, similar, after the manner [of], as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; [ᴹQ.] with”

Derivations

• ✶bē “as, like”

Element in

• S. egor ben genediad Drannail erin Gwirith edwen “or in the Shire-reckoning the second day of April” ✧ SD/129
• ᴺS. govai “alike, similar”

he

she

he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

• √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

ind

mind

ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

în

year

1) în, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath. 2) idhrinn (no distinct pl. form). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

na

at

na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

ne

in, inside

ne- (prefix) (mid-)

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

sui

as

1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)