pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.
Sindarin
sen
adjective. this
sen
pronoun. this
sen
pronoun. this
Changes
sĭn→ sen ✧ PE17/044th[en]→ hen ✧ VT50/18Derivations
- ✶sĭnā “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34
Element in
- S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
- S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/14; VT50/18; VT50/18
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶sĭna > sen [sinā] > [sina] > [sena] > [sen] ✧ PE17/044 Variations
- sĭn ✧ PE17/044 (
sĭn)- then ✧ VT50/14
- th[en] ✧ VT50/18 (
th[en])
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
e
pronoun. he
Cognates
- ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”
Element in
- S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
hen
noun. eye
hen
pronoun. this
pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.
hen(d)
noun. eye
The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.
Cognates
- Q. hen “eye”
Derivations
- √KHEN “base of eye-words, base of eye-words; [ᴹ√] look at, see, observe, direct gaze”
Element in
- S. Amon Hen “Hill of Sight, (lit.) Hill of the Eye” ✧ PE17/077
- S.
Emyn Hen Dúnadan“Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan” ✧ PM/186 (Emyn Hen Dúnadan*)- S. Finellach “?Flame of Hair and Eye”
- ᴺS. hendelu “brow”
- S. henneth “window”
- S. Lachend “Flame-eyed”
- S. maecheneb “sharp-eye[d]” ✧ WJ/337
- ᴺS. orchen “dandelion, (lit.) day-eye”
Variations
- Hen ✧ PE17/077; PM/186 (
Hen)- hen ✧ WJ/337 (hen)
hend
noun. eye
henn
noun. eye
sui
conjunction. as, like
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
heneb
adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
na
preposition. at
prep. at (a point of time or place). Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.
na
at
na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
at
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
se
pronoun. this
Derivations
- √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”
sen
this
*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).
sen
this
lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
e
he
(SD:128-31)
sein
adjective. usual
@@@ should perhaps be sain
Cognates
- Q. senya “usual, usual, *common, typical”
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
as
(VT44:23)
hend
eye
hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
hend
eye
(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
heneb
eyed
(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)
This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69