A noun for a “shingle, pebble bank” in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s from primitive ✶sarniye, the basis for the river name S. Serni (VT42/11). Here the gloss “shingle” is used in the sense of a mass of smell pebbles rather than as a roofing tile. This word is an unusual example of a final -i in Sindarin, because the i was protected by the final e that was itself lost. Tolkien indicated it might instead be an adjective formation (“pebbly”?) from the (rare) adjective suffix -i derived from primitive ✶-īya, -ēya (VT42/10-11).
Sindarin
sennas
noun. guesthouse
seidia-
verb. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner
sennas
noun. guesthouse
sennui
adverb. (?) rather, (?) instead (used as an adverb?)
sereg
noun. blood
serni
noun. shingle, pebble bank
sen
adjective. this
This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
sereg
noun. blood
n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn
seregon
noun. blood of stone
sereg (“blood”) + gond (“great stone, rock”)
seregorn
noun. 'blood of stone'
n. Bot. 'blood of stone', a kind of red flowered stone-crop. >> sereg
sevin
8r$5% verb. I have
v. aor. & pron. suff. I have. Q. samin. >> -n
sen
pronoun. this
seron
noun. lover
send
noun. (?) rest
senn
noun. (?) rest
sellath
noun. all the daughters
sen
pronoun. this
pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.
sereg
noun. blood
seregon
noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh
seron
noun. lover
se
pronoun. this
Sea of Núrnen
Sea of Núrnen
seidia
set aside
(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).
seidia
set aside
seidia- (appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
sennas
guesthouse
sennas (i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
sennas
guesthouse
sennas (i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
seidia
appropriate
(set aside) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20)
sell
daughter
(i** hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i** sill), coll. pl. *sellath***. **
sell
girl
(i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath.
sell
maid
(i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. *sellath*** **
sen
this
*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).
sen
this
lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).
send
grey-elf
#send (i hend, o send, construct sen) _(probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda)_, pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim.
send
sinda
#send (i hend, o send, construct sen) _(probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda)_, pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. _Elu-_people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves ELVES; see under FORSAKEN.
send
sinda
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. Elu-people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves
send
grey-elf (sinda)
#send (i hend, o send, construct sen) _(probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda)_, pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form). FORSAKEN ELVES (the Sindar in Beleriand), see FORSAKEN.
sennui
rather
sennui (instead) (SD:128-31)
sennui
instead
sennui (rather) (SD:128-31)
sereg
blood
1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)
sereg
blood
(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*
seregon
stonecrop
seregon (”blood of stone”, a kind of stonecrop with deep red flowers) (i heregon, o seregon), pl. seregyn (i seregyn)
seregon
stonecrop
(”blood of stone”, a kind of stonecrop with deep red flowers) (i heregon, o seregon), pl. seregyn (i seregyn)
serni
shingle
serni (i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)
serni
shingle
(i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)
serni
pebble-bank
serni (i herni, o serni) (shingle), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)
serni
pebble-bank
(i herni, o serni) (shingle), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)
sein
adjective. usual
@@@ should perhaps be sain
sennui
rather
(instead) (SD:128-31)
sennui
instead
(rather) (SD:128-31)
aerandir
masculine name. Sea-wanderer
A companion of Eärendil (S/248).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, his name was given as N. Airandir (LR/324), changed to Aerandir in revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/246).
Possible Etymology: The second element of this name is very likely S. randir “wanderer” (SA/ran), but the meaning of the initial element is unclear. Christopher Tolkien translated this name as “Sea-wanderer” in The Silmarillion index (SI/Aerandir). If correct, the initial element is probably some form of S. gaear “sea”. This is problematic, since in J.R.R. Tolkien’s late writings this word usually (but not always) began with a g, which would have no reason to vanish in the initial position.
The Noldorin form of this name was Airandir. In The Etymologies, the Noldorin word for “sea” was N. oer (Ety/AY). Noldorin [oe] sometimes appeared as [ai] in names from earlier narratives. For example, compare (ᴱN.) Aiglir Angrin “Iron Mountains” from the 1920s and early 1930s (SM/220) to [N.] oeglir “range of mountain peaks” in The Etymologies (Ety/AYAK), and later still (S.) aeglir “line of peaks” (RC/11). Perhaps Tolkien originally intended this element to mean “sea”, updating it phonetically ([[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]]) in later Silmarillion revisions without considering a change in meaning.
Absent any further evidence, “Sea-wanderer” remains the best available translation.
gaear
noun. sea
A word for “sea” variously attested as gaear (PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400), gaer (PE17/27; PE17/149), and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) in later writings. Of these, I prefer gaear for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reduced to gaer in compounds.
Possible Etymology: The presence or absence of the initial g- depends on whether the word’s root is √AY(AR) (as it appears in The Etymologies and some later writings) or √GAY(AR) (as it appears in other later writings). See the entry of the root √GAY(AR) for a discussion of this vacillation. Similarly, the form gaer appears primarily as an element in compounds, and can be explained as a reduced form of gaear in that context. For these reasons, this entry uses gaear as the ordinary Sindarin word for “sea”. This has the additional advantage of disambiguating it from the adjective gaer “dreadful”.
Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. oer or oear “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, reflecting the Noldorin sound change of ai to oe (Ety/AY). However name for the “Great Sea” was N. {Belegar >>} Belegaer in the narratives of this period (LR/19), and the name N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” appeared in draft Lord of the Rings maps from 1943 (TI/307). The element N. oer did appear in the day-of-the-week name N. Aroeren “✱Sea-day” in drafts of The Lord of the Rings appendices, but this was revised to S. Oraeron (PM/130, 138).
hadhu
noun. seat, seat, *chair
A word appearing as haðw “seat” in Late Notes on Verb Structure from 1969 derived from primitive ✶khadmā (PE22/148). In more typical Sindarin orthography it would be hadhu. Based on earlier versions of this word, it may mean “✱chair” as well (see below).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. dorn “seat” (GL/19), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” (QL/85). In Early Noldorin Word-lists this became ᴱN. {hód >>} haud “seat” (PE13/147).
A draft entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. hand “seat” and N. hanw “chair” derived from the root ᴹ√KHAD (EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien updated this root form to ᴹ√KHAM “sit” with a noun form N. ham or hanw, with a hard-to-read gloss that was probably “?chair” (Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien then created yet another root ᴹ√KHAM “call to, summon”, saying that “KHAM sit (replacing KHAD, cancelled)”, so apparently the root for “sit” reverted back to KHAD. This is supported by the 1969 “seat” word haðw seen above.
thurin
masculine name. Secret
Aerandir
noun. sea-wanderer
aer, aear (“sea”) + randír (“wanderer, pilgrim”)
Edegil
noun. seven stars (Great Bear)
odog (“seven”) + gîl (pl. of gîl “star”)
aear
noun. sea
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aear
Sea
aer
noun. sea
amar
Settlement
n. Settlement, appointed place; the Earth, the dwelling place or home of Elves (and Men) appointed by Eru. With the increase of knowledge it often excluded Aman, even before its removal from the 'circles of the world' after the Downfall. Q. ambar.
gaear
Sea
gaer
Sea
terech
noun. secret hole
n. secret hole, lair. >> torn
torech
noun. secret hole
_ n. _secret hole, lair.
edwen
ordinal. second
odog
cardinal. seven
othui
ordinal. seventh
tadui
ordinal. second
aear
noun. sea
edwen
ordinal. second
ethuil
noun. season of spring
firith
noun. season of fading
gaear
noun. sea
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
noun. sea
gaeruil
noun. seaweed
gwachaedir
noun. seeing-stone, palantír
iavas
noun. season of autumn
ivanneth
noun. september (month)
laer
noun. season of summer
lasbelin
noun. season of autumn
ochui
ordinal. seventh
ochui
ordinal. seventh
odo
cardinal. seven
odo
cardinal. seven
odog
cardinal. seven
odothui
ordinal. seventh
odothui
ordinal. seventh
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
othui
ordinal. seventh
tadeg
ordinal. second
tadui
ordinal. second
taid
adjective. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command)
lisg
noun. reed, reed, [G.] sedge
A word appearing as an element in the name Lisgardh “Land of Reeds” (UT/34).
Conceptual Development: An earlier version of this name was G. Arlisgion or Garlisgion “Place of Reeds” (LT2/153; GL/67), which contained G. lisg or lisc “reed, sedge” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54). This became ᴱN. lhesg “sedge” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/148).
aearon
noun. great sea, ocean
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
lebethron
noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor
In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
lung
adjective. heavy, heavy; [G.] grave, serious
Sindarin adjective meaning “heavy” attested only in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (S/185). Given this name’s Quenya cognate Q. Lungumá (VT47/19), S. lung probably developed from primitive ✱✶lungŭ, where the [[s|[u] was prevented from become [o] by the presence of the nasal [ŋ]]].
The Gnomish glosses for this word from the 1910s included the more metaphorical senses of “grave, serious” (GL/55). It’s possible the Sindarin word could be used in this way as well.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “heavy” was also G. lung (GL/55), an element in the name G. Mablung as well (LT2A/Mablung). Its primitive form was not given, but judging by the related word G. luntha- “to balance, weigh”, it might have been ✱ᴱ√LUŊU. The form ᴱN. lung “heavy” reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar from the 1920s (PE13/122), but became ᴱN. lhung in the (Early) Noldorin Dictionary (PE13/163), after Tolkien decided that [[en|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]].
In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin form of this word was N. lhong derived from primitive ᴹ✶lungā (Ety/LUG¹), where [[n|the [u] became [o] due to a-affection]]. At this point in time, Mablung was Doriathrin/Ilkorin rather than a Noldorin name (Ety/MAP), so there was no conflict.
After Tolkien abandoned the Ilkorin language, Mablung would have become a Sindarin name, and Tolkien needed a new etymology for it. Judging by its later Quenya cognate Lungumá (VT47/19), it seems that Tolkien revised the primitive form of this word from ✶lungā to ✶lungŭ, as described above, possibly a restoration of its etymology from the 1920s. This meant there was no a-affection in the Sindarin development, making S. lung the Sindarin form of the word.
Neo-Sindarin: I personally prefer S. lung for the Sindarin word for “heavy”, but some Neo-Sindarin authors use the reformed word ᴺS. ^long, based on the Noldorin word lhong in The Etymologies, switching to a voiced [l] because the unvoicing of initial [l], [r] does not happen in Sindarin phonology. This is not entirely consistent with my prefered Neo-Quenya word for “heavy”: lunga; I assume there was some divergent evolution in Sindarin and Quenya for this word.
nethig
noun. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
cen-
verb. to see, perceive, look
cened
noun. looking, looking, *seeing
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
leithia-
verb. to release, to release, [N.] set free
maud
?. [unglossed]
rhosc
adjective. russet, russet, [N.] brown
sael
adjective. wise
said
adjective. private, separate, not common, excluded
torn
adjective. hidden, secret
caw-, cewin
verb. taste, select, choose
dolen
adjective. hidden, hidden, [N.] secret
echuir
noun. a season, the beginning of spring
gaearon
noun. great sea, ocean
gaeron
noun. great sea, ocean
gleina-
verb. to bound, enclose, limit
This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
leithian
noun. release, freeing, release from bondage
lhûg
noun. snake, serpent
limlug
noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent
madu
?. [unglossed]
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
rhîw
noun. winter season
sael
adjective. wise
said
adjective. private, separate, not common, excluded
tíra-
verb. to see
tírad
gerund noun. to see, for the seing
êl
noun. star (little used except in verses)
îdh
noun. rest, repose
(lenited
second-in-command
conui (lenited gonui, no distinct pl. form). SECOND-IN-COMMAND taid (i daid, o thaid), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaid**). The word is also used as adj. ”supporting”.
adleitha
set free
b._, = "to release") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). SET FREE leitha- (i leitha, i leithar)
aear
sea
aear (ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i **aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i **aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
sea
(ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i ’aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i ’aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
cen
verb. see
cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)
cened
seeing
(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
golu
secret lore
*golu (i ngolu = i ñolu, o n**golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath** as the likely coll. pl.
gwachaedir
seeing stone
(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****
heria
set vigorously out to do
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)
heria
set vigorously out to do
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)
heria
set vigorously out to do
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something) (VT45:22)
heria
set vigorously out to do
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)
noen
sensible
noen (wise). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be ?nain for older ?nein.
noen
sensible
(wise). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be ?nain for older ?nein.
taid
second-in-command
(i daid, o thaid), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaid). The word is also used as adj. ”supporting”.
taid
second-in-command
taid (i daid, o thaid), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaid). The word is also used as adj. ”supporting”.
caweth
noun. sense of taste, taste, judgement
gaeruil
noun. seaweed
milt
noun. semen
nabas
noun. seizure
odob
cardinal. seventeen
odoph
cardinal. seventeen
paenodog
cardinal. seventeen
ad
second
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "Reunion", and also in the term for
ad
second
also meaning "back, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "Reunion", and also in the term for
aduial
second twilight
(evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail.
aduial
second twilight
. aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail.
baudh
sentence
(juridical) baudh (judgement) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)
baudh
sentence
(judgement) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)
buia
serve
buia- (hold allegiance to) (i vuia, i muiar)
buia
serve
(hold allegiance to) (i vuia, i muiar)
bŷl
w~×j noun. service, favour
A theoretical noun, from OS beule (< BEW). Cp. e.g. ngaule > (n)gaul.
cen
see
(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.
dolen
secret
(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin
echuir
stirring, season of
. No distinct pl. form.
echuir
season of stirring
echuir. No distinct pl. form.
echuir
season of stirring
. No distinct pl. form.
edwen
second
(pl. edwin).
eredh
seed
eredh (germ), pl. eridh
eredh
seed
(germ), pl. eridh
firith
season of fading
(no distinct pl. form).
firith
season of fading
firith (no distinct pl. form).
firith
season of fading
firith (no distinct pl. form)
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.****
golu
secret lore
golu (i ngolu = i ñolu, o n**golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath** as the likely coll. pl.
half
seashell
half (i chalf, o chalf), pl. helf (i chelf), coll. pl. halvath
half
seashell
(i chalf, o chalf), pl. helf (i chelf), coll. pl. halvath
iavas
season of autumn
iavas, pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath, also lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.
ivanneth
september
Ivanneth
laer
season of summer
laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
leitha
set free
(i leitha, i leithar)
leitha
set free
leitha- (i leitha, i leithar).
lhûg
serpent
lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, dragon), pl. lhuig (?i luig).
lhûg
serpent
(construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, dragon), pl. lhuig (?i luig).
limlug
sea serpent
limlug (”fish-dragon”), pl. limlyg
limlug
sea serpent
limlug (”fish-dragon”), pl. limlyg
limlug
sea serpent
(”fish-dragon”), pl. limlyg
odog
cardinal. seven
odog (also odo in Doriathrin Sindarin).
odog
seven
(also odo in Doriathrin Sindarin).
odothui
seventh
odothui, othui, also ochui (VT47:42)
odothui
seventh
othui, also ochui (VT47:42)
penia
set
penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).
penia
set
(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).
said
separate
said (lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (private, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
said
separate
(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (private, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
tadui
second
(adjective) 1) tadui (lenited dadui; no distinct pl. form), 2) edwen (pl. edwin).
tadui
second
(lenited dadui; no distinct pl. form)
thia
seem
thia- (appear)
thia
seem
(appear)
thurin
secret
(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;
thurin
secret
(hidden); no distinct pl. form
uil
seaweed
uil (no distinct pl. form). Also aeruil. No distinct pl. form. (In ”Noldorin” oeruil.)
uil
seaweed
(no distinct pl. form). Also aeruil. No distinct pl. form. (In ”Noldorin” oeruil.)
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
îr
sexual desire
îr (VT46:23)
îr
sexual desire
îr (VT46:23)
adleitha
release
(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain
heria
have an impulse
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
cesta-
ziF1`C= verb. to seek, search for
Sindarin cognate of the Quenya word cesta-.
Phonetic Developments:
ketʰta- > kesta-, cesta-
nosta-
5iH1`C verb. to notice, perceive, sense, smell
Cognate of Q. nusta-.
aif
adjective. same
avauth
noun. ravishment; seizure
barn
adjective. safe, protected, secure
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
adleitha
release
(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
adleithian
release
pl. adleithiain
belen
adjective. expanded, unrolled, unfurled, set (of sails)
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
cil-
verb. choose
glenia
enclose
*glenia- (bound, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glenia
enclose
(bound, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
leithian
release
(freeing), pl. leithiain
limlug
noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
rhosc
russet
rhosc (red, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc
rhosc
russet
(red, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
îdh
repose
îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.
îdh
repose
(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.
criss
noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine
A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.
N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).
Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.
galadh
noun. tree
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
gwend
noun. maiden, maiden, *young woman
A word for “maiden” or “✱young woman”, frequently appearing as suffixal -wen as an element in female names, derived from the root √WEN(ED) (PE17/191; Ety/WEN).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word G. gwin meant “woman, female” and G. {gwen >>} gwennin was “girl” (GL/45). The former was derived from the root ᴱ√giu̯i which had to do with pregnancy, but the latter was derived from {ᴱ√gw̯ene >>} ᴱ√gu̯eđe. In the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon {ᴱ√WENE >>} ᴱ√GWENE was the basis of words like ᴱQ. ’wen(di) “maiden” (QL/103). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips it seems G. gwin was also reassigned to the root ᴱ√(G)WENE [ᴱ√u̯enĭ-], derived from ᴱ✶u̯einā́, though possibly shifted or blended in meaning with an adjectival sense “womanly” (PE13/113).
In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. uin “woman” (PE13/123), a form that also appeared with this gloss in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists as a replacement for deleted {gwind, gwinn} (PE13/146, 155). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. gwend, gwenn “maiden” under the root ᴹ√WEN(ED) which he said was “often found in feminine names” (Ety/WEN). He noted that “since the [suffixed names] show no -d even in archaic spelling, they probably contain a form wen-”. Tolkien seems to have stuck with these forms thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for a young woman or adolescent girl, especially prior to marriage, but for female children I would use neth.
hen(d)
noun. eye
The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
êl
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
Lebennin
noun. five rivers
leben (“five”) + nîn (pl. of nen “lesser river”)
aearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
agar
noun. blood
A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.
Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
esten
adjective. thenna
adj. Q. thenna, senna. >> thenn
estent
adjective. (very?) short
The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122
gaearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear
galadh
tree
_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
tree
{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
gil
noun. star, bright spark
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
maew
noun. gull
A noun for “gull” first appearing as N. maew in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” (Ety/MIW). It appeared in later notes as an archaic genitive plural maewion in the phrase S. †glim maewion “(the) voices of gulls” (PE17/97). Its class plural mewrim seems to have appeared in S. Ras Mewrim “✱Cape of the Gulls”, an alternate name for S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/190). If so, the vowel e would be the result of the sound change whereby ae sometimes became e in polysyllables.
megil
noun. sword
mŷl
noun. gull
A word for “gull” in the name S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/379); its singular and plural forms would be the same. It might be derived from ✱miulē < ᴹ√MIW “whine”, the basis for other “gull” words, since iu became ȳ in Sindarin. I’d recommend using the better attested S. maew “gull” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
nethel
noun. sister
A word for “sister” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √NETH of similar meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †nîth (VT47/12, 14). The diminutive/affectionate form nethig “[little] sister” was used as a play name for the fourth finger (VT48/6); Tolkien considered an alternate diminutive netheg (VT47/14, 32) and also considered giving this diminutive an alternate meaning “little girl” (VT47/15, 33); see S. neth for discussion.
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. thêl “sister” from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES (Ety/THEL), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethir “sister” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.
nethig
noun. "litte sister"
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
riss
adjective. cleft
_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris
sabar
noun. delved mine
The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
salph
noun. broth, liquid food, soup
The form salf in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45:12
sarch
noun. grave
A word for “grave” in the phrase Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” (UT/140). Its etymology isn’t clear, but it might be related to sarn “stone” as in [N.] sarnas “cairn” (LR/406).
sarn
noun. stone (as a material)
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sarn
noun. small stone
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
thenn
thenna
adj. Q. thenna, senna. >> esten
torn
hidden
adj. hidden, secret. >> terech
lŷg
noun. snake
The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).
-il
point
calad
noun. light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad
caran
red
_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras
elen
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl
ena
usually
pl. enan** ** poss. art. usually, esp. later reduced to en before vowel (not when g was lost), na before consonant. Plural is enan > enn/, nan. >> na
ereg
noun. holly
_ n. Bot. _holly. >> Eregion
galad
light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon
gond
stone
_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor
gwen
noun. maiden
gwend
noun. maiden
maer
adjective. excellent
maetha-
verb. to handle
_ v. _to handle, treat, manage, etc. Q. mahta-. >> maeth
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
oron
noun. tree
n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn
pen-
without
thennes
noun. Grey-Elf
fem. n. Grey-Elf. >> -es
thenneth
noun. Grey-Elf
fem. n. Grey-Elf. >> -eth
thennon
noun. Grey-Elf
pl1. thennyn masc. n. Grey-Elf. Note the rule on the same page stating that the ending was "after n -or". >> -on
thindeth
noun. Grey-Elf
fem. n. #Grey-Elf. >> -eth
thindon
noun. Grey-Elf
masc. n. #Grey-Elf. >> -on
thinedh
noun. Grey-Elf
{ð} fem. n. #Grey-Elf. >> -eth
til
point
êl
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen
Aerandir
Aerandir
Aerandir is Sindarin, meaning "Sea-wanderer" (aer + randir). The name for the character appearing in an early manuscript was Airandir, a form later rejected by Tolkien.
Edegil
Edegil
The elements of the name are odog 'seven' and gil 'star'.
Teler
teler
(member of the Third Clan of the Elves) 1) Teler (i Deler), pl. Telir (i Thelir) or coll. pl. Tellerrim (PM:385). See REAR. 2) glinnel (i **linnel), pl. glinnil** (in glinnil), coll. pl. glinnellath.
ad
again
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
again
also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
aear
ocean
aear (sea), pl. aeair.
aear
ocean
(sea), pl. aeair.
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
caran
red
1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also
cened
sight
#cened (i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
cened
sight
(i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see
dolen
hidden
1) dolen (secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen. 2) hall (veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”, 3) thoren (guarded, fenced), pl. thorin, 4) thurin (secret); no distinct pl. form_.
dolen
hidden
(secret), lenited dholen, pl. dolin. Archaic daulen.
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
falas
surf, line of
(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)
gaear
ocean
gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).
gaear
ocean
(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).
gaer
holy
gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gaer
holy
(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gaer
red, reddish
(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
galadhon
of or related to trees
(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.
glenia
bound
(verb) *glenia- (enclose, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glenia
bound
(enclose, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
golu
wisdom
*golu (i ngolu = i ñolu, o n**golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath** as the likely coll. pl.
golu
wisdom
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
gondrath
street of stone
(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)
gonhir
master of stone
(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
haust
resting
: this is the etymological meaning of the word for ”bed” (haust); see BED.
haust
resting
); see BED.
hethu
obscure
_(adjective) _1) *hethu (foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hethu
obscure
(foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
iell
daughter
1) iell (-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath**. **DAUGTHER OF TWILIGHT, see NIGHTINGALE
iell
girl
1) iell (-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill; 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath. 3) (girl in her teens, approaching the adult) neth (also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
iell
maid
1) iell (-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath** **
iûr
blood
iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP
land
open space
(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.
lhûg
dragon
lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).
lhûg
dragon
(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).
limlug
fish-dragon
(sea serpent), pl. limlyg
limlug
fish-dragon
limlug (sea serpent), pl. limlyg
limlug
fish-dragon
limlug (sea serpent), pl. limlyg. FISH-WATCHER, see KINGFISHER
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
lŷg
snake
1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.
mab
grasp
*mab*-[or maba-?] (i vâb, i mebir**) (seize). Only the ”Old Noldorin” form map- is cited in the source (LR:371 s.v. MAP)
mab
grasp
[or ✱maba-?] (i vâb, i mebir) (seize). Only the ”Old Noldorin” form map- is cited in the source (LR:371 s.v. MAP)****
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
neth
sister
1) neth (also used = ”girl”). (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6), pl. nith. Notice the homophone neth ”young”. Also nîth (no distinct pl. form though the plural article with show pluarlity when the noun is definite: in nîth) (VT47:14). 2) gwathel (i **wathel), pl. gwethil (in gwethil). 3) muinthel (i vuinthel), pl. muinthil (i muinthil), more usual than the shorter form thêl (stem thele-), pl. theli. In “Noldorin”, the pl. was thelei** (LR:392 s.v. THEL).
neth
girl
(also used = ”sister”), pl. nith (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6). Notice the homophone neth ”young”. – The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
partha
arrange
partha- (i bartha, i pharthar) (compose)
partha
arrange
(i bartha, i pharthar) (compose)
pen
without
1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)
pen
without
(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.
penia
fix
penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (set);
penia
fix
(i benia, i pheniar) (set);
pân
fixed board in a floor
(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.
rhosc
red
(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also
ross
foam
(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”
rêg
holly
rêg (construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh rîg). See also LOW-GROWING TREE
rêg
holly
(construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh** rîg**). See also
sabar
mine
1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _
sabar
mine
(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).
sadron
faithful one
?sadron (i hadron, o sadron), pl. sedryn (i sedryn), coll. pl. sadronnath. Only attested in the pl.; the singular could be either *sadron* (as here supposed), sodron** or *sedron.
sadron
faithful one
(i hadron, o sadron), pl. sedryn (i sedryn), coll. pl. sadronnath. Only attested in the pl.; the singular could be either ✱sadron (as here supposed), ✱sodron or ✱sedron.
said
private
said (lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
said
private
(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, not common, excluded) (VT42:20)
salab
herb
salab (i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. _ÁK-(W_Ē).
salab
herb
(i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). – In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. SALÁK-(WĒ).
salph
liquid food
(i halph, o salph) (soup, broth), pl. seilph (if the word goes like alph ”swan”), with article i seilph.
salph
soup
salph (i halph, o salph) (liquid food, broth), pl. seilph (if the word goes like alph ”swan”), with article i seilph.
salph
soup
(i halph, o salph) (liquid food, broth), pl. seilph (if the word goes like alph ”swan”), with article i seilph.
salph
broth
salph (i halph, o salph) (liquid food, soup), pl. seilph (if the word goes like alph ”swan”), with article i seilph.
salph
broth
(i halph, o salph) (liquid food, soup), pl. seilph (if the word goes like alph ”swan”), with article i seilph.
sarch
grave
(noun) 1) sarch (i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath
sarch
grave
(i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch)
sarn
stone
1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).
sarn
stone
(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.
sarn
made of stone, stony
(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.
sarnas
cairn
sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)
sarnas
cairn
(i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)
sarnas
pile of stones
sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais)
sarnas
pile of stones
sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais).
sarnas
pile of stones
(i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais)
sîdh
peace
sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
taid
supporting
(adj.) taid, lenited daid, no distinct pl. form. Also used as a noun ”second-in-command”.
taid
supporting
lenited daid, no distinct pl. form. Also used as a noun ”second-in-command”.
talt
falling
(adj.) talt (lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)
talt
falling
(lenited dalt, pl. ?telt) (slipping, insecure)
thala
firm
1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).
thand
firm
(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).
thia
appear
thia- (seem)
thia
appear
(seem)
thinnas
shortness
(also used for a “breve”, a mark indicating that a vowel is short). Verb
thurin
hidden
(secret); no distinct pl. form
toss
low-growing tree
(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see
wen
maiden
, see MAIDEN. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
îdh
rest
_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),
îdh
rest
(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
Lebennin
Lebennin
Lebennin means "five rivers" in Sindarin, consisting of leben ("five") + nin ("rivers").
caran
adjective. red
e
pronoun. he
edaid
adjective. double
ein-
prefix. excellent, admirable
einior
adjective. elder
esten(t)
adjective. short
mellon
noun. friend
nîth
noun. sister
per-
prefix. half
sadron
noun. trusty follower, loyal companion
sav-
verb. to have
thent
adjective. short
conui
adjective. commanding
dannad
noun. falling
melethor
noun. lover
saelas
noun. wisdom
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
Ēd
noun. Rest
Dor. Rest
Lebennin
place name. Lebennin
topon.
Thend
Grey-Elf
pl2. thendrim, thennath n. #Grey-Elf. Tolkien notes that in the plural forms "The e is analogical from (rare) sg. thend" (PE17:141).
adu
adjective. double
aer
adjective. holy
aew
noun. (small) bird
aewen
adjective. of birds
agar
noun. blood
amar
world
n. world.
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
aned
give
anno
verb. give!
anwar
noun. awe
anwar
noun. awe
aníra-
verb. to desire
aphad-
verb. to follow
In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada-
apharch
adjective. very dry, arid
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
belegaer
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
calad
gerund noun. light
car-
verb. to do
caran
adjective. red
caro
verb. do! make!
cerveth
noun. july (month)
cirith
noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile
conui
adjective. commanding, (?) ruling
cîr
adjective. renewed
cýr
adjective. renewed
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
edaid
ordinal. double
einior
adjective. elder
el
star
n. star.
elen
noun. star
ened
noun. centre
ereg
noun. holly-tree, thorn
faer
noun. spirit
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
falch
noun. deep cleft, ravine
gaer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
gaer
ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaeron
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
galad
noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)
galadh
noun. tree
gil-
noun. star
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gill
noun. star
gond
noun. great stone, rock
gondren
adjective. (made) of stone
gwael
noun. gull
gwain
adjective. new
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gûl
noun. black arts
n. black arts, sorcery. Q. ñúle, B.S. gûl 'wraith' is probably derived from Sindarin.
hen
noun. eye
hen
pronoun. this
pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.
hend
noun. eye
heneb
adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes
henn
noun. eye
hû
spirit
_ n. _spirit, shadow.
im
preposition. between
lain
adjective. free, freed
leweg
noun. snake
_ n. _snake.
lhaew
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
lind
noun. air, tune
long
adjective. heavy
lîr
noun. row, range
lýg
noun. snake
_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.
lŷg
noun. snake
maetha-
verb. to handle
v. to handle. Q. mahta-.
malhorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mallorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
malthorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
megil
noun. sword
_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.
mein
ordinal. first
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
minui
ordinal. first
minui
ordinal. first
mŷl
noun. gull
na
preposition. at
prep. at (a point of time or place). Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.
neth
noun. sister
neth
noun. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult)
nîth
noun. sister
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
orn
noun. (any large) tree
peleth
noun. fading, withering
pen
preposition. without, lacking, -less
penninor
noun. last day of the year
raeda-
verb. to catch in a net
raud
excellent
_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.
rhîw
noun. winter
riss
noun. ravine
ruin
adjective. (fiery) red
rî
noun. crown, wreath, garland
sadar
noun. trusty follower, loyal companion
sain
adjective. new
sarch
noun. grave
sui
conjunction. as, like
taug
adjective. firm
adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
thanc
adjective. cleft, split, forked
then
adjective. short
thenn
adjective. short
thenn
Grey-Elf
pl1. thinn n. Grey-Elf. Q. thinda, sinda. The form thinn is given with a dagger, indicating an archaic or poetical form.
thennor
noun. Grey-Elf
pl1. thennyr masc. n. Grey-Elf.
thent
adjective. short
thind
Grey-Elf
pl2. thindrim n. #Grey-Elf.
thinidh
Grey-Elf
pl2. thinidhrim {ð} n. #Grey-Elf.
thinidhes
noun. Grey-Elf
{ð} fem. n. #Grey-Elf.
ti
pronoun. them
îdh
noun. peace
peace, tranquillity
adleitha
free
(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
aew
bird
(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or
aew
bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aewen
of birds
pl. aewin.
agarwaen
bloodstained
(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
anc
row of teeth
(jaw), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
anna
give
anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
anna
give
(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
anwar
awe
anwar (pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
anwar
awe
(pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
aphada
follow
(i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)
aphada
follow
aphada- (i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)
aphadon
follower
(pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath
apharch
very dry
(pl. epherch) (VT45:5, 36)
ar
without
(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)
ar
without
(outside)
ardhon
world
ardhon (great region/province), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath
ardhon
world
(great region/province), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
be
like
(as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
born
red
(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn
byr
follower
). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
byr
vassal
). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr), coll. pl. býrath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
bŷr
vassal
*bŷr (follower) (i vŷr, construct byr). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr), coll. pl. býrath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
caew
resting place
(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
calad
light
_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calad
light
(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
car
do
car- (i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415),
car
do
(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, build) (WJ:415)
caran
red
(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)
caul
heavy burden
(i gaul, o chaul) (affliction), pl. coel (i choel), coll. pl. colath;
cerveth
july
Cerveth (na Gerveth, o Cherveth), also Cadlaer
cirith
cleft
(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)
coll
red
(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".
conui
commanding
(lenited gonui, no distinct pl. form).
crann
ruddy
(lenited grann, pl. crain).
criss
cleft
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”
cuen
small gull
(i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)
cuen
small gull
cuen (i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24).
cîl
cleft
(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.
cîl
renewal
(i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)
cîr
renewed
clashes with the word for ”ship”.s
cîw
new
(lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh)
cýron
new moon
(i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic ✱cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).
dad
downward
;
dadbenn
do
(downhill, sloping down, inclined), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn. Verb
dadbenn
downhill, sloping down
(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;
dath
hole
1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)
dath
hole
(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)
dram
heavy stroke
(i dhram) (blow), pl. draim (in draim)
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
e
he
(SD:128-31)
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
edaid
double
(adj.) 1) edaid; no distinct pl. form, 2) tadol (lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
edaid
double
; no distinct pl. form
eden
begun again
(new), pl. edin
eden
new
(begun again), pl. edin
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
einior
elder
einior (pl. einioer). Archaic *einiaur.
einior
elder
(pl. einioer). Archaic ✱einiaur.
emlinn
yellowhammer
(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.
enaith
sixth part
. No distinct pl. form. Archaic eneith.
enedh
middle
enedh (core, center), pl. enidh
enedh
middle
(core, center), pl. enidh
eruchen
children of the one
)
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
escal
cover that hides
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
fae
spirit
1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
fae
spirit
(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.
faer
spirit
(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
falch
cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch
falch
ravine
(deep cleft), pl. felch
falf
foam
(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath
faltha
foam
(i faltha, i falthar)
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fileg
bird
pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.
gad
catch
(i ’âd, i ngedir = i ñedir), pa.t. gant;
gaearon
great ocean
(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.
gail
light
(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
gail
light
(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)
galadh
tree
1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
galadh
tree
(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien). Adj.
galas
plant
galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**
galas
plant
(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath
gardh
bounded or defined place
(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);
gass
hole
(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim).
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim)
gilion
of stars
(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.
glaur
golden light
(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).
glawar
sunlight
(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
gond
stone
(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).
gondren
made of stone, stony
(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gwael
gull
(i ’wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael)
gwain
new
1) #gwain (gwin-), lenited wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya. 2) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh), 3) eden (begun again), pl. edin; 4) sain (sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn;
gwain
new
(gwin-), lenited ’wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya.
gwathra
obscure
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwathra
obscure
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwend
maiden
gwend (i **wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath**. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwend
maiden
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwing
foam
(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)
gîl
star
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
star
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
gôn
stone
(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
had
hurl
had- (i châd, i chedir), pa.t. hant, with endings hanni- as in hennin *”I hurled”.
had
hurl
(i châd, i chedir), pa.t. hant, with endings hanni- as in hennin ✱”
hain
them
hain (of inanimates) One entry in the Etymologies ( LR:385 s.v. S-) may be taken as implying that the pronouns ”they” (and ”them”?) are hein of inanimates, hîn of women and huin of men. For ”Noldorin” hein and huin we may have to read hain and hŷn, respectively, in Third Age Sindarin.
hain
them
(of inanimates) One entry in the Etymologies ( LR:385 s.v. S-) may be taken as implying that the pronouns ”they” (and ”them”?) are hein of inanimates, hîn of women and huin of men. For ”Noldorin” hein and huin we may have to read hain and hŷn, respectively, in Third Age Sindarin.
hall
hidden
(veiled, shadowed, shady); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”high, exalted”
hathel
broadsword blade
(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)
haudh
grave
(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath
hend
eye
hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
hend
eye
(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.
heneb
eyed
(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)
huorn
walking tree of fangorn
(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
hûr
fiery spirit
(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
iaun
holy place
(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaw
ravine
1) iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)
iaw
ravine
(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.
iell
daughter
(-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill
iell
girl
(-iel) (daughter, maid), pl. ill
iell
maid
(-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
ist
lore
ist (knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
ist
lore
(knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
iûr
blood
(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:
lang
sword
(cutlass), pl. leng.
lebethron
oak tree
.
lim
light
(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
lisc
reed
lisc, no distinct pl. form.
lisc
reed
no distinct pl. form.****
long
heavy
long (pl. lyng);
long
adjective. heavy
long
heavy
(pl. lyng);
m
gull
ŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl).
maetha
handle
(i vaetha, i maethar) (wield, manage, deal with). In Tolkien’s earlier material, the verb maetha- meant ”fight”.
maew
gull
1) maew (i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim; 2) gwael (i **wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael), 3) mŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl**).
maew
gull
(i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim
magol
sword
(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.
mann
food
mann (i vann, construct man), pl. main (i main) (VT45:35).
mann
noun. food
mann
food
(i vann, construct man), pl. main (i main) (VT45:35).
math
noun. food
matha
handle
(i vatha, i mathar) (stroke, feel; wield)
megil
sword
1) megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.
megil
sword
(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).
mela
love
(vb.) mela- (i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
mela
love
(i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
meleth
love
(noun) meleth (i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
meleth
love
(i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
melethril
lover
1) (fem.) melethril (i velethril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i melethril), coll. pl. melethrillath. 2) (masc.) melethron (i velethron), pl. melethryn (i melethryn), coll. pl. melethronnath. Also (when lover = ”friend”) mellon (i vellon), pl. mellyn (i mellyn). Coll. pl. mellonnath.
melethril
lover
(i velethril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i melethril), coll. pl. melethrillath.
melethron
lover
(i velethron), pl. melethryn (i melethryn), coll. pl. melethronnath. Also (when lover = ”friend”) mellon (i vellon), pl. mellyn (i mellyn). Coll. pl. mellonnath.
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
mîl
love
mîl (i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
love
(i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
mûl
slave
mûl (i vûl, construct mul) (thrall), pl. muil (i muil)
mûl
slave
(i vûl, construct mul) (thrall), pl. muil (i muil)
na
at
na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
at
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
nartha
kindle
(i nartha, in narthar) (VT45:37)
naru
red
(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
naud
bound
(adj.) naud, pl. noed
naud
bound
pl. noed
neitha
deprive
(or, to wrong) #neitha- (i neitha, in neithar), isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
neitha
deprive
(i neitha, in neithar), isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
ni
pronoun. I
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
nothlir
family tree
(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
nuitha
stop short
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)
nínui
february
Nínui
orn
tree
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
paen
small gull
(i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24.
paen
small gull
1) *paen (i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24. 2) cuen (i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)
parch
dry
parch (lenited barch; pl. perch);
parch
dry
(lenited barch; pl. perch);
pathu
level place
(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in
pelin
fading
(noun) 3) *pelin (i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.
pelin
fading
(i belin) (withering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelin), 2) #peleth (i beleth, o pheleth) (withering), pl. pelith (i phelith). Isolated from the name of the month Narbeleth.
penna
slant down
(i benna, i phennar)
per
half
(adj. prefix) per-.
per
half
.
peringol
half-elf
(i beringol, o pheringol), pl. peringyl (i pheringyl), coll. pl. ?peringollath
pol-
verb. can
raeda
catch in a net
(i raeda, idh raedar) (VT42:12)
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
rain
free
rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)
ress
ravine
(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)
rest
cleft
(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rest
ravine
(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
rhîw
winter
rhîw (?i thrîw or ?i rîw the lenition product of rh- is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
rhîw
winter
(?i thrîw or ?i rîw – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain*); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
rhûd
mine
*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).
rhûd
mine
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.
riss
ravine
(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****
rist
cleft
(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch
rist
cleft
(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”
rî
wreath
rî (construct ri) (crown, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî), coll. pl. ríath
rî
wreath
(construct ri) (crown, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî), coll. pl. ríath
rî
crown
rî (construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
rî
crown
(construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
sain
adjective. new
sain
new
(sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn
salph
noun. broth
sant
privately owned place
(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sath
noun. part
siniath
news
(tidings) (i siniath).
solph
noun. soup
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sui
like
(prep. ”as, like”) 1) sui (VT44:23), 2) #be (as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
like
(VT44:23)
sâd
place
sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sâd
place
(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sîdh
peace
(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.
tadol
double
(lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
talaf
ground
talaf (i dalaf, o thalaf) (floor), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.
talaf
ground
(i dalaf, o thalaf) (floor), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.
tanc
firm
(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tanc
firm
(lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tang
string
(bowstring) tang (i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)
tang
string
(i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)
tangada
make firm
(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)
tangada
make firm
tangada- (confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)
tangada
make firm
tangada- (confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)
tess
fine pierced hole
(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****
thala
firm
(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili
thanc
cleft
(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
cleft
(forked, split), pl. thainc
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
thent
short
thent (pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).
thent
short
(pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).
thibin
noun. flute
thoren
hidden
(guarded, fenced), pl. thorin
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tin
pronoun. them
torech
hole
torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.
torech
hole
(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.
torn
down
(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
torn
down
(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.
tî
row
tî (i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;
tî
row
(i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;
tîr
looking
(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tîr
looking
(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
uiveleth
hJrな$3F noun. eternal love, love that will last for ever
The prefix ‘ui-’ that means eternal plus lenited form of meleth (love) ‘veleth’.
ú
without
(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ú
without
u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).