Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

el

root. star, starry sky

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/EL; Ety/RIG; Ety/ROD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eled-nil

masculine name. Eled-nil

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eled

root. Star-Folk, Elves

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/EL; Ety/ELED; Ety/LED; Ety/RIS²; PE18/034; PE18/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eledandore

place name. *Elf-land

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ELED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eledā

noun. Star-folk, Elf

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/64; SD/358; SD/401; SDI2/Eledâi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helwe

masculine name. Elwe

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/ƷEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edel-

noun. Star-folk, Elf

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ELED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ʒel

root. sky

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky”, with derivatives like ᴹQ. helle/N. ell “sky” and ᴹQ. helwa/N. elw “(pale) blue” (Ety/ƷEL). It was the basis for the initial elements of the names N. Elrond, N. Elwing and ᴹQ. Elwe, but elsewhere Tolkien connected these names to √EL “star”. It was also an element in the word N. eilian(w) “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge”, later given as S. ninniach. On the basis of these changes, I think it is likely Tolkien abandoned ᴹ√ƷEL, but some of its derived words are still popular in Neo-Eldarin.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ƷEL; Ety/YAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yel

root. friend

A new gloss for the root ᴹ√YEL “daughter”, with a new set of derivatives like ᴹQ. -iel “-friend” and ᴹQ. yelda “friendly” (Ety/YEL), but it was rejected in turn and probably replaced by ᴹ√MEL.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nel

root. three

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/LEP; Ety/NEL; Ety/TIL; EtyAC/NEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

neled

root. three

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yel

root. daughter

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SEL-D; Ety/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edel

root. *star-folk

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

(l)alam

root. elm-tree

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/LÁLAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwen(ed)

root. Elf

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KWEN(ED); PE18/034; PE18/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwenedē

noun. Elf

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KWEN(ED); PE19/057; PE19/059; PE21/25; PE21/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rasat

root. twelve

The root ᴹ√RÁSAT “twelve” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and students of Elvish long supposed that its unattested derivative ✱rasta was the Quenya word for “twelve”. In later publications, however, the Quenya word for “twelve” was given as yunquë (VT47/41), derived from primitive ✶yūnekē.

This word yunquë dates back to Early Quenya, first appearing as ᴱQ. yunqe in the Early Qenya Grammar from the 1920s (PE14/82), so it is likely that the √RASAT “twelve” co-existed with ✶yūnekē when that root was introduced in the 1930s. In currently published materials, rasta only appears as a suffix in yurasta “twenty four” (twice-twelve) in a discussion of the Elvish duodecimal (base twelve) counting system, also probably from the 1930s (PE14/17). It may be that ✶yūnekē was used for the general word for “twelve”, while √RASAT was used for “groups of twelve” as part of this duodecimal system. If so, it may have only been used as a suffix in grouping words in this counting system.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RÁSAT; PE14/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

led

root. go, fare, travel

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ELED; Ety/LED; Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/LED; EtyAC/LEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edēlā

noun. firstborn, eldest

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minik(w)

root. *eleven

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turumbē

noun. shield

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TURÚM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turumā

noun. shield

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TURÚM; EtyAC/TURÚM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ku(ʒ)

root. bow

The root ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KUƷ), most likely a later version of ᴱ√KUVU “bend, bow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/49). One notable derivative in both periods was G. “bow, crescent” and N. “arch, crescent”, which regularly appeared as S. “bow” in later writings, for example in S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” (GL/27; Ety/KUƷ; S/209).

The probably-related root ᴹ√KUB “bow” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/102); ᴹQ. nukumna “humbled (?under-bowed)” from this period may also be related (SD/246). In notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien gave ✶kūma, Q. cúma and S. cû(f) next to Q. lúva “bow, bight (not for shooting)” < √LUB “bend”, so presumably cúma/cû was “bow (for shooting)” (PE17/122). Finally Q. cúna “bent, curved” appeared in notes associated with the version of the Q. Markirya poem from the late 1960s, along with a verb form cúna- “to bend” (MC/222-223).

These variations make it difficult to determine what Tolkien intended the root to mean, but for purposes of Neo-Eldarin I would assume a base root of √KU(Ʒ) or √KU(H) with perhaps a verbal variant √KUB based on its use in the 1940s, and with the primitive sense “bow, bend”.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUƷ; Ety/KWIG; EtyAC/KWIG; PE22/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mālō

noun. friend

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag

root. dig

A rejected root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dig” (Ety/DAG), it may have been a transient replacement for √SAP.

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ednōno

noun. firstborn

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/NŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glindi

root. pale blue

A rejected root in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “pale blue” used in an abandoned explanation of N. Eredlindon as “Blue Mountains” (Ety/GLINDI; EtyAC/GLINDI). Later this name was S. Ered Lindon “Mountains of Lindon” (Ety/LIN²; S/123).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GLINDI; EtyAC/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lot(h)

root. flower

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GOLÓS; Ety/LOT(H); Ety/WIG; EtyAC/LOT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lugni

adjective. blue

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tata

root. two

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AT(AT); Ety/TATA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

win(i)d

root. pale blue

A rejected with roots with derivatives having to do with “blue-grey” and “fading” (Ety/WIN), perhaps replacing another rejected root ᴹ√GWINDI (EtyAC/GWINDI).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/GWINDI; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

windı̯ā

adjective. pale blue

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yen

root. daughter

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YŌ; EtyAC/ƷAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gilya

noun. star

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepen

root. five

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alkwā

noun. swan

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAK; PE18/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atta

root. two

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AT(AT); Ety/TATA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atta

cardinal. two

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/63] Group: Eldamo. Published by

der

root. adult male, man

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

khōn

noun. heart

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55; PE21/64; PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kub

root. bow

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuu̯

noun. bow

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUƷ; EtyAC/KUƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwentā

noun. tale

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KWET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lep(e)ne

noun. five

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepek

root. five

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

tul-

verb. come, am coming, have come, am arrived, am here

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/095; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tār(ō)

noun. king

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TĀ; PE21/55] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tārī

noun. queen

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TĀ; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yend

noun. daughter

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by