Quenya 

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Cognates

  • S. min “one, one, [G.] single” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. min “one” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

  • ✶min “one”
    • √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHIN > hinde[kʰinde] > [xinde] > [hinde]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • hinde ✧ PE17/157 (hinde)

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

naue

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶ndagwē > ndau̯we > nau̯we > naue[ndagwē] > [ndaɣwē] > [ndauwē] > [nauwē] > [naue]✧ PE19/094

Variations

  • nawe ✧ PE19/094 (nawe)

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101

Derivations

  • √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KAYA > caire[kaire]✧ PE17/101

Variations

  • caire ✧ PE17/101

finca

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. fing “lock of hair” ✧ PE17/017

Derivations

  • ✶phinik ✧ PE17/017
    • √SPIN(ID) “fine thread, filament; hair” ✧ PE17/017

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶finik/fink > finca[pʰinika] > [pʰinka] > [pʰiŋka] > [ɸiŋka] > [fiŋka]✧ PE17/017

Variations

  • finca ✧ PE17/017

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHIN > hindo[kʰindo] > [xindo] > [hindo]✧ PE17/157

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

Derivations

  • √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TOM > tompe[tompe]✧ PE17/138

Variations

  • tompe ✧ PE17/138

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • mahtya ✧ PE19/084 (mahtya)

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

Derivations

  • √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)”

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

WordGloss
-ya“verbal suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√AM > amya[amja-]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • amya ✧ PE17/157 (amya)

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/172

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SRA-G > asra > arra[asra] > [azra] > [arra]✧ PE17/172

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KOM “gather, collect” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

WordGloss
-ta“causative verb suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KOM > conta[komta-] > [konta-]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • conta ✧ PE17/157 (conta)

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. cû “bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon” ✧ PE17/122

Derivations

  • ✶kūma ✧ PE17/122
    • √KU(H) “bow, [ᴱ√] bend”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶kūma > cúma[kūma]✧ PE17/122

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > felca[pʰelka] > [ɸelka] > [felka]✧ PE17/118

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > felehta[pʰelektā] > [ɸelektā] > [ɸelextā] > [ɸelextā] > [felextā]✧ PE17/118

Variations

  • felehta ✧ PE17/118

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

  • Q. calma hendas “*light in the eyes” ✧ PMCH/02; TMME/192
Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SKOL “shut, close” ✧ PE17/098

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHOL > holde[kʰolde] > [xolde] > [holde]✧ PE17/098

Variations

  • holde ✧ PE17/098

háro

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶khādo > hāzo > hāro[kʰādo] > [xādo] > [xāðo] > [hāðo] > [hāro]✧ PE22/148

Variations

  • hāro ✧ PE22/148

malsa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶maslā > malsa[maslā] > [malsā] > [malsa]✧ PE19/101

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SAL “[unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SAL > azálie[asālie] > [azālie]✧ PE22/133

sélo

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶steglō > thélo > þélo > sélo[steglō] > [θeglō] > [θeɣlō] > [θēlō] > [θēlo] > [sēlo]✧ PE19/095

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶soglā > sóla[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]✧ PE19/095

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √STAR “*stiff, [ᴹ√] stiff” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√STAR > thar[star-] > [θar-]✧ PE22/133

Variations

  • thar ✧ PE22/133

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TOM > tomba[tomba]✧ PE17/138

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √UMU “not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems” ✧ PE17/172
    • √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√UMU > um(ba)[umba-]✧ PE17/172

Variations

  • um(ba) ✧ PE17/172 (um(ba))

éna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ✶eñna ✧ PE19/097
    • √EÑ “be, exist”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶eñna > enna > éna[eŋna] > [enna]✧ PE19/097

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ✶stuknā ✧ PE19/086
    • √STUK “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶stuknā > thúna[stuknā] > [stugnā] > [θugnā] > [θuŋnā] > [θūnā] > [θūna] > [sūna]✧ PE19/086

Variations

  • thúna ✧ PE19/086 (thúna)

felya

cave

felya noun "cave" (PHÉLEG), "mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]" (PE17:118)

rotelë

cave

rotelë noun "cave" (LT2:347)

rotto

cave, tunnel

rotto noun "cave, tunnel" (VT46:12), "a small grot or tunnel" (PM:365)

felco

cave, mine, underground dwelling

felco noun "cave, mine, underground dwelling" (PE17:118); also felca, felehta

felco

noun. cave, mine, underground dwelling

A word for “cave, mine, underground dwelling” Tolkien considered in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, derived from the root √PHELEK as a possible replacement for felya “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” < ✶phelgā (PE17/118).

Neo-Quenya: I prefer the root form √PHELEG over √PHELEK (see that entry for details) and as a result prefer felya over felco.

Cognates

  • S. feleg “cave, mine, underground dwelling” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > felco[pʰelko] > [ɸelko] > [felko]✧ PE17/118

felya

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave

A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 with Sindarin cognate S. fela, both derived from ✶phelgā (PE17/118). In the same note Tolkien seemed to consider replacing it with felco “cave, mine, underground dwelling” from the root √PHELEK.

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴹQ. felya “cave” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√PHELEG, with cognate N. fela (Ety/PHÉLEG). The latter form also appeared in notes from 1969 as S. fela “minor excavations, den”, again derived from ✶phelga indicating √PHELEK was a transient idea (NM/304).

Neo-Quenya: I prefer the root form √PHELEG over √PHELEK and thus would retain felya, but I would keep its 1957 meaning “mine, boring, tunnel” rather than adopting the 1969 Sindarin sense “den”.

Cognates

  • S. fela “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • ✶phelgā “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings” ✧ PE17/118
    • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶phelgā > felya[pʰelgā] > [ɸelgā] > [ɸelɣā] > [ɸeljā] > [ɸelja] > [felja]✧ PE17/118

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

Sindarin 

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Element in

  • S. Miniel “Vanyar”
  • S. minlamad “?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing”
  • S. minui “first” ✧ VT42/25
  • S. minuial “(dawn) twilight”

Variations

  • min ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • mîn ✧ VT42/25
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sabar

noun. delved mine

The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar

Sindarin [Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Q. cinta “small” ✧ PE17/157

Derivations

  • √KIT “*small” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KIT > cidinn[kitinne] > [kitinn] > [kidinn]✧ PE17/157
Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KIT “*small” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KIT > cinnog[kintok] > [kintʰok] > [kinθok] > [kinθog] > [kinnog]✧ PE17/157
Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

madu

?. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶matwā > madw̯ > maud[matwā] > [matwa] > [matw] > [maut] > [maud]✧ PE17/148
✶matwā > madw̯ > madu[matwā] > [matwa] > [matw] > [madw] > [madu]✧ PE17/148

Variations

  • madu ✧ PE17/148
Sindarin [PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

Sindarin [WJ/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fela

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave

A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, but also explained in notes from 1969 as “minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs” (NM/304). It was derived from primitive ✶phelgā (NM/304; PE17/118; Ety/PHÉLEG), and the final a in this word is the result of ancient ʒ (from g) become a when word-final after another consonant.

Abnormal Plural: This word has an abnormal plural form fili (NM/304; Ety/PHÉLEG): see the section on “Final a from ancient g” in the discussion of unusual plurals for more details.

Conceptual Development: This word was tied to the name of Felagund since its introduction in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. fela “cave” was derived from ON. phelga under the root ᴹ√PHELEG of the same meaning, already with the abnormal plural fili noted above (Ety/PHÉLEG). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, Tolkien again had S. fela from ✶phelgā, but there the gloss was “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” (PE17/118). In this note Tolkien considered instead S. feleg “cave, mine, underground dwelling” as the basis for the name Felagund, derived instead from √PHELEK (PE17/118).

In a note from 1959, Tolkien gave a completely different etymology of Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). In a note from 1969, however, Tolkien said instead that Felagund was a nickname meaning “den-dweller” (also used for badgers), and its initial element fela was again derived from ✶phelga or philga (NM/304), with a meaning as follows:

> It was used of minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs, and also as temporary dwellings by wandering folk, Dwarvish or Elvish; it was usually distinguished from the larger caves of geological formation used and extended by stone-workers. It was thus naturally used of the “setts” of badgers (which seem to have existed in great numbers in parts of Beleriand).

In this 1969 note Tolkien again mentioned its abnormal plural fili < ✶phelgai.

Neo-Sindarin: Of the various meanings for this name, I prefer its 1957 sense “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling”; its 1969 use for “den” (and felagund = “badger”) conflicts with the etymology of Felagund’s published in The Silmarillion. For “cave” I would use groth as in Menegroth “Thousand Caves” or feleg as a loan word from Khuzdul, and for “den” I would use torech as in Torech Ungol “Shelob’s Lair”.

Cognates

  • Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • ✶phelgā “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings” ✧ NM/304; NM/304; PE17/118
    • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Element in

  • S. felagund “den-dweller; brock, badger” ✧ NM/304
  • S. Felagund “Lord of Caves; Hewer of Caves; Den Dweller” ✧ NM/304

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶phelga > fela[pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ NM/304
✶phelgai > felʒi > fili[pʰelgai] > [pʰelgī] > [pʰelgi] > [ɸelgi] > [ɸelɣi] > [felɣi] > [filɣi] > [filī] > [fili]✧ NM/304
✶phelgā > fela[pʰelgā] > [pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ PE17/118
Sindarin [NM/304; PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

feleg

noun. cave

n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:118] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rond

noun. cave roof

Sindarin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Sindarin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

roth

noun. cave

n. cave. Q. rondo.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:117] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

feleg

noun. cave, mine, underground dwelling

A word for “cave, mine, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, derived from the root √PHELEK, that Tolkien considered as an alternative to fela (< ✶phelgā) for the initial element of the name Felagund (PE17/118).

Conceptual Development: N. feleg “(animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak” appeared in a deleted entry in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but that seems unrelated.

Neo-Sindarin: In a note from 1959, Tolkien derived Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). I prefer this as the basis for Felagund’s name, and √PHELEG over √PHELEK as the ancient Elvish root. Nevertheless I think feleg “cave” may remain viable in Neo-Sindarin as a loan word from Khuzdul. The similarity of ancient Elvish PHELEG and Dwarvish radical ✱F-L-K may be a coincidence or the result of Avari influence on Ancient Dwarvish.

Cognates

  • Q. felco “cave, mine, underground dwelling” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Element in

  • S. Felagund “Lord of Caves; Hewer of Caves; Den Dweller” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > feleg[pʰeleke] > [ɸeleke] > [feleke] > [felek] > [feleg]✧ PE17/118
Sindarin [PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

groth

noun. delving, underground dwelling

Sindarin [WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

groth

noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation

Sindarin [WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûd

mine

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).

rhûd

mine

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.

sabar

mine

1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _

sabar

mine

(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

Sindarin [Parviphith] Published by

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

eru

the one

isolated from

fela

cave

(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

groth

cave

(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)

grôd

cave

1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

grôd

cave

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

rond

cave

(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath

roth

cave

(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)

rhûd

artificial cave

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

rhûd

noun. dwelling underground, artifical cave, rockhewn hall, mine

A neologism proposed by David Salo in his Gateway to Sindarin, the equivalent of Q. hróta (GS/284). As we already have plenty of attested words for caves and mines, I see no need for this word.

Cognates

  • Q. hróta “dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn hall”

Derivations

  • √ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Telerin 

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ VT48/06

er

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ VT48/06

Adûnaic

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

Derivations

  • √Ad. ASAD “?” ✧ SD/421

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√Ad. ASAD > Asdi[asdi]✧ SD/421

Variations

  • Asdi ✧ SD/421

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).

Derivations

  • √Ad. SAPAD “?” ✧ SD/421

Variations

  • Sapda ✧ SD/421

Primitive elvish

min

cardinal. one

Derivations

  • √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Derivatives

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”

Element in

Variations

  • Min ✧ NM/060
Primitive elvish [NM/060; WJ/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imin

masculine name. One

Element in

Primitive elvish [NM/055; NM/060; WJ/380; WJ/421; WJI/Imin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Derivatives

  • Q. sal- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE22/133
Primitive elvish [PE22/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

Primitive elvish [PE19/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

Primitive elvish [PE18/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Derivatives

Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Derivatives

  • Q. tinga- “to go (for a long while)” ✧ PE22/157
Primitive elvish [PE22/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phelgā

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings

Changes

  • phelg- → phelgā ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Derivatives

  • Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave” ✧ PE17/118
  • S. fela “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave” ✧ NM/304; NM/304; PE17/118

Variations

  • phelga ✧ NM/304
  • philga ✧ NM/304
  • phelg- ✧ PE17/118 (phelg-)
Primitive elvish [NM/304; PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

Derivatives

  • ✶grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
    • Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
  • ✶grā “dog, bear” ✧ VT47/35
    • S. graw “bear” ✧ VT47/12

Variations

  • grāw(ɜ) ✧ VT47/35 (grāw(ɜ))
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > min[mini] > [mine] > [min]✧ Ety/MINI
Noldorin [Ety/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

menwed

?. [unglossed]

Element in

porennin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • porannin ✧ RS/451

borth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BOR(ON) “endure” ✧ Ety/BOR

Element in

  • N. Borthandos “*Steadfast-intelligence” ✧ Ety/BOR

Variations

  • Borth ✧ Ety/BOR

clei

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coen

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

diragas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • diragath ✧ RS/451

mauth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nith

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. nitse > nĭth[nitse] > [niθθe] > [niθθ] > [niθ]✧ PE22/037

Variations

  • nĭth ✧ PE22/037
Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

Element in

níth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. nikthe > níth[niktʰe] > [nixθe] > [nīθe] > [nīθ]✧ PE22/037
Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

telwen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

fela

noun. cave

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fela

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
    • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Element in

  • N. Felagund “Lord of Caves” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. phelga > fela[pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
On. phelga > fili[pʰelgi] > [ɸelgi] > [ɸelɣi] > [felɣi] > [filɣi] > [filī] > [fili]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Noldorin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gathrod

noun. cave

Noldorin [Ety/358] gath+grôd (GAT(H)). Group: SINDICT. Published by

gathrod

noun. cave

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cave”, apparently a combination of N. gath “cavern” and ᴹ√ROT “tunnel” (Ety/GAT(H)). Its initial element also appeared in the name N. Doriath “Land of the Cave”, but in later writings S. Doriath was redefined as “Land of the Fence” with final element S. iath “fence” (WJ/370), so N. gathrod “cave” was probably abandoned.

Elements

WordGloss
gath“cavern”
ROT“bore, tunnel”
Noldorin [Ety/GAT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rond

noun. cave

rhond

noun. cave roof

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhonn

noun. cave roof

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhonn

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

phuru

noun. mine

Changes

  • kubal → phurūn ✧ PM/058

Element in

  • Wes. Phurunargian “Dwarf-delving, Moria” ✧ PM/044; PM/058 (Kubalnargia); PM/058

Variations

  • phūru ✧ PM/044
  • kubal ✧ PM/058 (kubal)
  • phurūn ✧ PM/058
Westron [PM/044; PM/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient quenya

caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell”
Ancient quenya [PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

inya

pronoun. *mine

mine

cardinal. one

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • N. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > mine[mine]✧ Ety/MINI
ᴹ√MINI > min[min]✧ Ety/MINI

Variations

  • mine ✧ Ety/MINI
Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”

niule

?. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶magyā ✧ PE19/046; PE19/062
    • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a[magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia]✧ PE19/046
ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia[māja] > [maija] > [maia]✧ PE19/062

Variations

  • maia ✧ PE19/062
  • maiya ✧ PE19/062
Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

a

preposition. [unglossed]

Variations

  • a ✧ PE21/03

alama

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
Anar“Sun”
istya“knowledge”

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa[eŋma] > [eŋgwā]✧ PE19/047

Variations

  • eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
  • ḗma ✧ PE19/047

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) > hyelma[kʰjelma] > [xjelma] > [j̊elma]✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
Qenya [EtyAC/KHYEL(ES)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kaltwa “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kalt-wa > kaltua[kaltwa] > [kaltua]✧ PE19/048

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kandā “bold” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060
    • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kándāvā̀ > kandava[kandāwā] > [kandawā] > [kandawa] > [kandava]✧ PE19/060
ᴹ✶kandālī́nen > kandalīnen[kandālīnen] > [kandalīnen]✧ PE19/060

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
karpalimā

Variations

  • kà¹rpalimái²te ✧ PE19/058

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
lá“no, not”
qet-“to say”

Variations

  • laqe[t] ✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶dagwe > lau(w)e[dagwe] > [lagwe] > [laɣwe] > [lauwe] > [laue]✧ PE19/046

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • maitya ✧ PE19/042 (maitya)
  • maštša ✧ PE19/042 (Lin. maštša)
Qenya [PE19/042; PE22/014; PE22/020] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/112

Elements

WordGloss
nak-“to kill, slay; to hate”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK- > nandakka-[ndandakka-] > [nandakka-]✧ PE22/112

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶auluta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

  • olta ✧ PE19/058

rampa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAP “climb (as a tree by clinging[?])” ✧ PE22/127

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAP² > rampa[rampa]✧ PE22/127

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
sirya-“to flow [smoothly]”

Variations

  • sisíria ✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)

séra

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶stegrā > thḗra[stegrā] > [θegrā] > [θeɣrā] > [θērā] > [θēra] > [sēra]✧ PE19/046

Variations

  • thḗra ✧ PE19/046

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶soglā > sóla[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]✧ PE19/046

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
talta-“to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope”

Variations

  • tatalta ✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√STAR “stiff” ✧ PE22/112

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√STAR > thare[star-] > [θar-]✧ PE22/112

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶torōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶torṓmā > toróma[torōmā] > [torōma]✧ PE19/059
ᴹ✶torṓmànna > torō̆mánna > torománna[torōmanna] > [toromanna]✧ PE19/059

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEL “friend” ✧ Ety/YEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEL > yelme[jelme]✧ Ety/YEL

Variations

  • yelme ✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)

éma

?. [unglossed]

felya

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹT. felga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉLEG > felya[pʰelgā] > [ɸelgā] > [ɸelɣā] > [ɸeljā] > [ɸelja] > [felja]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Qenya [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

rôth

noun. cave

A Doriathrin noun for “cave”, also appearing as roth, derived from primitive ᴹ✶rǭda or ᴹ✶roda (Ety/ROD, EtyAC/ROD). The [[ilk|[d] spirantilized to [ð] (“dh”)]] as usual, then after the final vowel was lost the [[ilk|final [ð] became [θ]]] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/roth). The original sound [ð] is preserved in the plural rodhin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD
  • ᴹ✶rǭda “cave” ✧ Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD
    • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD

Element in

  • Ilk. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ Ety/ROD

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rǭda > rōdh > rōth[rǭda] > [rōda] > [rōða] > [rōð] > [rōθ]✧ Ety/ROD
ᴹ✶roda > rodh > roth[roda] > [roða] > [roð] > [roθ]✧ EtyAC/ROD

Variations

  • roth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. roth); EtyAC/ROD (Dor. roth)
  • rōth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. rōth)
Doriathrin [Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er Reconstructed

cardinal. one

The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. er “one, alone”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived”

Element in

Old Noldorin 

phelga

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivatives

  • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉLEG > phelga[pʰelga] > [ɸelga]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Old Noldorin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

stin

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/STIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Variations

  • maiga ✧ PE18/066
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/IW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. olta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

  • áuluta- ✧ PE19/058
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bay

root. [unglossed]

Variations

  • BAYA ✧ EtyAC/WAY (BAYA)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/WAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kaltua “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Variations

  • kalt-wa ✧ PE19/048
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kóma “*ball” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

  • kṓmā ✧ PE19/059
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/PHAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” ✧ EtyAC/KHAW
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. toróma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

  • torṓmā ✧ PE19/059
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/URUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/US] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pheleg

root. cave

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
    • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • ᴹT. felga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Variations

  • PHÉLEG ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rǭda

noun. cave

Changes

  • roda → rǭda ✧ Ety/ROD

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD

Derivatives

  • Ilk. rôth “cave” ✧ Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD
  • On. rauda “hollow, cavernous” ✧ Ety/ROD
    • N. rhaudh “hollow, cavernous” ✧ Ety/ROD

Variations

  • rōda ✧ EtyAC/ROD
  • roda ✧ EtyAC/ROD
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

felga

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Middle Telerin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

gerd(h)olm

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gerdolm and gerdholm, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. dolm “pit” (GL/38).

Variations

  • gerdolm ✧ GL/38
  • gerdholm ✧ GL/38

gersauth

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gersauth and gersoth, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. sauth “hole” (GL/38).

Elements

WordGloss
ger“ore, metal”
sauth“a hole, tunnel”

Variations

  • gersoth ✧ GL/38

gersoth

noun. mine

er

adjective. one

Cognates

  • Eq. er “one, only, alone, a single” ✧ GL/32
  • Eq. er “only, but, still” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Element in

  • G. ereg “alone, only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. ereth “solitude, oneness, loneliness” ✧ GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa
  • G. ert “once, once only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erw “only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. er(e)tha- “to isolate, rob, deprive” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erwed “unique” ✧ GL/32

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ERE > er[er]✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
Gnomish [GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sind

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” ✧ GL/68

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. qilde “quiet, rest, hush” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√qḷd > clidhron[kwḷðron] > [kḷðron] > [kliðron]✧ GL/23

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

Element in

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

Element in

  • G. bridol “changing, varying, variable”

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish”

Element in

Variations

  • Climbol ✧ PE13/104

dôn

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

pad

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PATA “*rap, tap” ✧ GL/63

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rô

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

  • rô ✧ GG/14 (rô)

thail

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. saile “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SILI “*gleam”

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OSO “*enclosure” ✧ QL/041

grûda

noun. cave

Early Noldorin

celin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ciann

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

delin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glewin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isteth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/128] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Variations

  • bhreigros ✧ PE13/139
  • bhregint ✧ PE13/139
Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cai

?. [unglossed]

Element in

  • En. caiad “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
  • En. ciann “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caiad

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Variations

  • ai- ✧ PE13/161
Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

farn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FEDE “*law, bond”

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/142; PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flair

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

floth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fraith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

geryd

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
glaith“[unglossed]”
fedhui“[unglossed]”
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glich

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • gú ✧ PE13/145
Early Noldorin [PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hî

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶lopse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

leus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶lepse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • luaith ✧ PE15/62
Early Noldorin [PE13/149; PE15/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

  • lhú ✧ PE13/149
Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luaith

?. [unglossed]

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. qapa- “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter” ✧ PE13/132

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QAPA “chaffer”

Element in

  • En. gobab- “to shake” ✧ PE13/132

Variations

  • pap ✧ PE13/132
Early Noldorin [PE13/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Pethil ✧ PE13/152
Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

scarn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stroth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tharn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thesg

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • thrann ✧ PE13/154
Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrann

?. [unglossed]

tû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • tú ✧ PE13/154
Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gorod

noun. cave

Early Primitive Elvish

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Element in

  • Eq. enye- “to think out, plan, devise” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. enya “device, method, trick; machine, engine” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. inye- “to imitate, make like”

Variations

  • Yǝ ✧ QL/035
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • En. leus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • En. laus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Derivatives

  • Eq. sauke “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Derivatives

  • Eq. sivilda “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Variations

  • SIWI ✧ QL/084
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • Eq. Teler “little elf” ✧ PE13/154
  • En. Tiledh “Sea-elf” ✧ PE13/154
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ√TOLO “*stick up” ✧ PE12/016
    • Eq. tolda “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill” ✧ QL/094
    • Eq. tóle “centre” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tol “island, isle” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tolos “knob, lump” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tolma “helm”
    • G. tol “isle (with high steep coast)” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
  • ᴱ√TOẆO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TOŁᵂO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

Variations

  • toẇo- ✧ PE12/016
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

sinqele

noun. mine

A noun for “mine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. sink (sinq-) “mineral, gem, metal” (QL/83). This word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/83).

Early Quenya [PME/083; QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

el

adverb/adjective. one

mir

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • G. min “one, single” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MĪ “*one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MĪ¹ > mir[mir]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • àukáine ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • G. thail “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72
Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • En. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” ✧ PE13/161

Derivations

Variations

  • tánie ✧ PE13/161
Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • úmpài ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Nierme ✧ VT40/08
Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • nyuuken ✧ PE16/077
Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • anaükante ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • éant ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶lṇ̹ta̜nwa > lanta̹nwa[lṇtanwā] > [lṇtanwa] > [lantanwa]✧ PE12/006

Variations

  • lanta̹nwa ✧ PE12/006
Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAQA “catch” ✧ QL/051

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAQA > las[lakʷsǝ] > [lakʷs] > [laks] > [las]✧ QL/051
Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
LAWA“*life (esp. plants)”
KELE“flow, run; ooze, trickle”

Variations

  • lāwakēle ✧ QL/052
Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”
Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”
Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PO “‽” ✧ QL/074

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√PO > pōya[pōjā] > [pōja]✧ QL/074

Variations

  • pōya ✧ QL/074
Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAW̯A “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SAW̯A > sauke[sawkē] > [sawke] > [saule]✧ QL/082
Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SIVI “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SIVI > sivilda[siβildā] > [siβilda] > [sivilda]✧ QL/084
Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08
Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
TṆTṆ“*bounce”
-lta“?causative”

Variations

  • tantilta ✧ PE14/058
Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TORO “*bake” ✧ QL/094

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TORO > toron[toron]✧ QL/094
Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
tulu-“to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit”
Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

Variations

  • uká̹rele ✧ PE12/006
Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Variations

  • upaitya ✧ QL/034
Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SULU “*support” ✧ QL/087
Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orot

noun. cave

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” ✧ QL/071

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√roto- > orot[orot]✧ QL/071
Early Quenya [QL/071; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rótele

noun. cave

Cognates

  • G. roth “cave, grot” ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin; QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ROTO > rōtele[rōtelē] > [rōtele]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rotelë ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin
  • rōtele ✧ QL/080
Early Quenya [LT2A/Rothwarin; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by