Quenya 

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

er

adverb/adjective. one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single

Quenya [PE17/095; SA/er; VT44/17; VT48/06; VT49/45] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ercoirë

ercoirë

Ercoirë noun, alternative name of February (PM:135)

Erintion

erintion

Erintion noun, second half of the month of avestalis (January) (LT1:252)

Erquellë

erquellë

Erquellë noun, alternative name of September (PM:135)

Errívë

errívë

Errívë noun, alternative name of November (PM:135)

Ertuilë

ertuilë

Ertuilë noun, alternative name of April (PM:135)

Eruva

eruva

Eruva, see Eru

ercantië

proper name. Great Pattern

A term for the great pattern of existence set in motion by Eru in some notes from 1959 (NM/287), a combination of er “one” and cantië “pattern”.

erdë

seed, germ

erdë (1) noun "seed, germ" (ERÉD, VT45:12)

erúmëa

outer, outermost

erúmëa adj. "outer, outermost" (LT1:262)

eruhantalë

proper name. Thanksgiving of Eru

The name of a festival in Númenor (UT/166, UT/214). It is a compound of Eru “God” and hantalë “thanksgiving”.

Quenya [UT/166; UT/175; UT/214; UTI/Eruhantalë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eruhin

proper name. Child of Eru (God)

A name for Elves and Men as children of Eru (God), frequently appearing in its plural form Eruhíni (Let/189, MR/320, WJ/403). It is a compound of Eru “God” and a suffixal form -hin of hína “child” (SA/híni).

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared in the tales of the Fall of Númenor from the 1940s as the Adûnaic word #Êruhin, attested only in its plural forms Êruhîn(im) (SD/247-8, 311). See that entry for further discussion of its early history.

Quenya [Let/189; MR/320; MRI/Eruhín; PE21/83; PE22/158; SA/híni; WJ/403; WJI/Eruhíni] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erulaitalë

proper name. Praise of Eru

The name of a festival in Númenor (UT/166). It is a compound of Eru “God” and laitalë “praise”.

Quenya [UT/166; UTI/Erulaitalë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eruamillë

feminine name. *Mother of God

A title for Mary as the Mother of God in early drafts of Aia María, Tolkien’s translation of the Ave Maria prayer (VT43/26-7), and also as a rejected word in Ortírielyanna, Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Sub Tuum Praesidium (VT44/5). It is a compound of Eru “God” and amil(lë) “mother”. In later drafts of Aia María, this name was replaced by the term Eruo ontaril (VT43/27-28), and in the translation of other prayers he used the name Eruontarië of similar meaning.

Quenya [VT43/32; VT44/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eruontarië

feminine name. *Mother of God, (lit.) God-genetrix

A title for Mary as the Mother of God in Ortírielyanna (VT44/5), Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, as well as Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Litany of Loreto (VT44/12). It appeared in both the forms Eruontarië (VT44/12) and Eruontari (VT44/5). It is a compound of Eru “God” and the word ontarië “✱mother, genetrix”. In the final drafts of Aia María, Tolkien’s translation of the Ave Maria prayer, he used the similar term Eruo ontaril (VT43/27-28).

Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of these prayers, Tolkien used the name Eruamillë of similar meaning.

Quenya [VT44/05; VT44/07; VT44/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erukyermë

proper name. Prayer of Eru

The name of a festival in Númenor (UT/166, UT/215). It is a compound of Eru “God” and kyermë “prayer”.

Quenya [UT/166; UT/183; UT/204; UT/215; UTI/Erukyermë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Eruman

desert north-east of valinor

Eruman place-name; this is a word to which various meanings are ascribed, but it always denotes some region. In the earliest phases of Tolkien's mythology, it was a region south of Taniquetil (LT1:91, 252-253). In the Etymologies, entry ERE, Eruman is a "desert north-east of Valinor". In the final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, where the locative form Erumandë appears, Tolkien appears to have moved Eruman out of this world entirely, making it the abode of God (Eru); Erumandë translates "in heaven".

erda

solitary, deserted

erda adj. "solitary, deserted" (LT1:269)

erma

physical matter

erma noun "physical matter" (MR:338, 470)

erumë

desert

erumë noun "desert" (ERE)

erma

noun. (physical) matter

Quenya [MR/218; MR/338; MR/349; MR/359; MR/470; MR/471; NM/014; NM/250] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eru fai, sî, euva

*Eru (was) before, (is) now, will be (after)

erendis

feminine name. ?Lonely Bride

A Númenórean queen, the neglected wife of Tar-Aldarion (UT/173-217). Her name might be a compound of er “one, alone” and indis “wife, bride”, perhaps meaning “✱Lonely Bride”. The name of her mother (Núneth) and father (Beregar) appear to be Sindarin, so perhaps her name was Sindarin as well, with a different and a less unpleasant meaning (though such “prophetic” names are also common in Tolkien’s works).

Quenya [PMI/Aldarion; SDI2/Aldarion; UT/210; UTI/Erendis; WJI/Aldarion; WJI/Erendis] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erólamaitë

proper name. uniconsonantal

A term for the uniconsontal roots of Primitive Elvish (PE18/33, 84). It is a compound of er “one” and ólamaitë “consonantal”.

ercambo

masculine name. Onehand(ed), One-hand Man

The Quenya equivalent of S. Erchamion “One-handed” (VT47/8). It is a compound of er “one” and camba “(cupped) hand”, masculinized by changing the final letter to -o.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien rarely gave a Quenya equivalent for this name, but an early Qenya translation ᴱQ. Elmavoite appeared in the Lost Tales (LT2/34), the cognate of the Gnomish name G. Ermabwed. Its final element is clearly mavoite “having hands” (LT2A/Ermabwed, QL/57), and its initial element is probably er “one” (PE14/47), which according to the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s could appear as el- in its prefixal form (GL/32).

In the Early Qenya Grammar from the 1920s, Tolkien wrote erumaite “one handed” (PE14/51, 84; PE16/140), but whether this was a name or simply an ordinary adjective is unclear.

Quenya [PE21/86; VT47/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ermenië

proper name. One Beginning

A term for the single origin of life in some notes from 1959 (NM/256), a combination of er “one” and the gerund of men- “proceed”. In other notes it was described as the “Device of Eru”, but that seems to be a looser translation (NM/288).

Quenya [NM/250; NM/288] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er-

remain

#er- "remain", verb (LT1:269; given in the form erin and glossed "remains"; erin would have to mean "I remain" in Tolkien's later Quenya, if this word is to be adapted. However, the later synonym lemya- may be preferred.)

erca-

to prick

erca- ("k") (2) vb. "to prick" (ERÉK)

ercassë

holly

ercassë ("k") noun "holly" (ERÉK)

erë

iron

erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

eressëa

place name. Lonely (Isle)

Sometimes used as a short name for the Lonely Isle (S/50), more properly Tol Eressëa.

Quenya [Let/150; Let/386; LotRI/Eressëa; PE17/030; PMI/Eressëa; SA/er; SI/Eressëa; UTI/Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erusēn

collective name. Children of God

A variant form of Eruhin appearing in a few places (MR/423, RGEO/66). Its final element may be related to the root ᴹ√SEL(D) “child”. The similar word Melkorsēni “Children of Melkor” appears to have the same final element (MR/423). It is possible that Tolkien introduced the variation so that the Sindarin form would be S. Eruhîn, resembling the earlier Adûnaic form Ad. Êruhîn.

Quenya [MR/423; MRI/Eruhín; RGEO/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eruanna

proper name. [God’s] Grace

A term for God’s grace in Aia María, Tolkien’s translation of the Ave Maria prayer (VT43/27-8). It is a compound of Eru “God” and anna “gift”, so a more literal translation would be “✱God’s gift”. It is attested only in the genitive form Eruanno “✱of [God’s] grace”.

eruion

masculine name. *Son of God

A name of Yésus (Jesus) as the Son of God in Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Litany of Loreto (VT44/12). It is a compound of Eru “God” and the patronymic suffix -ion “-son”.

erulingar

collective name. Rohirrim

A hypothetical Quenya adaptation of the name of the Rohirrim, Eorlingas, but Tolkien rejected this name because Eorlingas itself was merely an Old-English representation of the actual Rohirric name, which was perhaps Thorunahim (PE22/158).

Quenya [PE22/158; PE22/166] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erulissë

proper name. [God’s] Grace

A term for God’s grace in early drafts of Aia María, Tolkien’s translation of the Ave Maria prayer (VT43/27-8). It is a compound of Eru “God” and lissë “grace”. In later drafts of Aia María, this name was replaced by the term Eruanna (VT43/27-28). It is attested only in the instrumental form erulissenen “✱[by means] of [God’s] grace”.

eruman

place name. Heaven

The Quenya name for Heaven in the final draft of Átaremma, Tolkien’s translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT43/12), attested only in the assimilated locative form Erumande. Its initial element is Eru “God” and its final element is probably related to the root √MAN “good, blessed, unmarred” also seen in the names Aman and Manwë, as suggested by Patrick Wynne, Arden Smith and Carl Hostetter (VT43/16).

Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of Tolkien’s legendarium, the name ᴱQ/ᴹQ. Eruman was used for the wasteland north of Valinor (LT1/91, Ety/ERE), but in the materials used for the published version of The Silmarillion, that name was changed to Q. Araman (MR/123). This freed Tolkien to use the name Eruman for “Heaven”, as suggested by Patrick Wynne, Arden Smith and Carl Hostetter (VT43/16-17).

In earlier versions of the Átaremma prayer, Tolkien used menel for “Heaven”, but it was rejected and elsewhere Tolkien said that menel referred only to “the heavens, firmament” where the stars reside (MR/387, PE17/152). In writings from the 1940s, Tolkien used ᴹQ. ilúve for “Heaven” (MR/355, SD/401), but later ilúvë meant “the whole, the all”, and was equated to “the Universe” (WJ/402, Ety/IL).

Ercambo

one-hand man

Ercambo ("k") masc. name "one-hand Man" (VT47:7), the equivalent of Sindarin Erchamon, Erchamion as a title of Beren

Eremandu

hells of iron

Eremandu place-name "Hells of Iron", a name of Angband (LT1:249)

Eru

the one

Eru divine name "the One" = God (VT43:32, VT44:16-17), "the One God" (Letters:387), a name reserved for the most solemn occasions (WJ:402). Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" (cf. MR:112). Genitive Eruo (MR:329, VT43:28/32), dative Erun (VT44:32, 34). The adjectival form Eruva "divine" (Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18) would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men (WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. _Eruhîn _in Letters:345), Eruion *"son of God" (or "God the Son"?) (VT44:16), Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruamillë "Mother of God" (in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7), Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother (Begetter) of God" (VT44:7, 18), Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni.) #Eruanna and #erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively (VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen).

erca

prickle, spine

erca ("k") (1) noun "prickle, spine"

erdë

singularity

erdë (2) noun "singularity", the person as a whole (MR:216)

erdë

repose

erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.

eressë

solitude

eressë noun "solitude" (ERE). In early "Qenya", eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, alone" (LT1:269).

eressëa

lonely

eressëa adj. "lonely" (ERE, LT1:269), "solitary" (cf. Letters:386). Eressëa place-name "Lonely (One)", often used by itself for Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle (Silm) or Solitary Isle (Letters:386, footnote)

erinqua

single, alone

erinqua adj. "single, alone" (VT42:10)

erya

single, sole

erya adj. "single, sole" (ERE)

eru

noun. The One, God

Quenya [Let/190; Let/194; Let/204; Let/387; LotRI/One; LRI/Eru; LT1I/Eru; MR/329; MR/330; MRI/Eru; PE17/075; PE21/83; PE22/147; PE22/158; PE22/165; PMI/Eru; S/025; SA/er; SI/Eru; SMI/Eru; UT/215; UT/305; UT/317; UTI/Eru; VT43/32; VT44/07; VT44/17; VT44/34; WJ/402; WJI/Eru] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erdë

noun. singularity

Quenya [MR/216; MR/470] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erinqua

adjective. single, alone

eru-indonen

by the will of God

eressë

noun. solitude, [ᴹQ.] solitude; [ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once

eressëa

adjective. lonely

eruva

adjective. divine

erólamaite

adjective. uniconsonantal

uniconsonantal

Quenya [PE 18:33 PE 18:84] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

kyermë

prayer

kyermë noun *"prayer", isolated from Erukyermë (UT:166)

kyermë

noun. prayer

i eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa

(the one/they) who; (that) which

i (2) relative pronoun "(the one/they) who; (that) which" (both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "(they) who are sitting"); cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "(that) which you deem good" (VT42:33). Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" (WJ:391). According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form (corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya). This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal (Eru i...) and impersonal (i hamil). In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive (ion) and ablative (illon) cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion / illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" (referring to several persons) (VT47:21).

lerina

free

lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)

lerya-

release, set free, let go

lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)

mer-

wish, desire, want

mer- vb. "wish, desire, want" (the form merë given in Etym seems to be the 3rd person sg. aorist, *"wishes, desires, wants"); pa.t. mernë (MER)

ser-

rest

ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)

ser-

verb. rest,repose;stay, tarry, be at the moment

Quenya [PE 22:102; 125] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

erolamo

 masculine name. one who dreams alone, (lit.) alone-dreamer

An adaptation of the Qenya name Ereol given to Ælfwine by the elves of Tol Eressëa in Tolkien's earlier material. Formed in such a way as to preserve its original meaning of "One Who Dreams Alone." Derived from er "one, alone" and óla- "to dream."

Quenya [Parf Edhellen entrie(s): Eriol; Ereol; √ER; √OLOS] Group: Neologism. Published by

ermangolmë

noun. study of matter, physics, [possibly also] chemistry

@@@ Discord 2022-01-12; since in Arda physics and chemistry didn't (necessarily) have different origins developing form philosophy and alchemy respectively, perhaps not the same distinction was drawn.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erda

adjective. solitary, deserted

erutercáno

noun. prophet, (lit.) God-herald

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

eretildo

noun. unicorn

A neologism coined by Petri Tikka in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, a combination of Q. er “one” and Q. tildë “point”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

eritë

adjective. singular

An adjective for “singular”, a combination of er “alone” and the suffix -itë. Also used as a grammatical term.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ernóna

adjective. only-born, only-begotten

A neologism for “only-born, only-begotten” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), a combination of er “alone” and nóna “born”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erië

noun. oneness

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erta-

verb. to unite

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erdevainë

noun. seed pod, peapod

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ertië

noun. union

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ránen

errant

ránen adj. "errant" (RAN; may be a misreading for *ránëa)

ranya

noun. erratic wandering, erratic wandering; [ᴹQ.] free

Quenya [VT42/12; VT42/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vare

verb. err, stray

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

hyermë

noun. prayer

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

leryalë

noun. release

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

mermë

noun. wish

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Ellairë

summer

Ellairë alternative name of June (PM:135); evidently incorporating lairë "summer"; the el- part is probably an assimilated form of er-, an element meaning one or first, June being the first summer month.

amil(lë)

noun. mother

Tolkien used a number of similar forms for “mother” for most of his life. The earliest of these are ᴱQ. amis (amits-) “mother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s along with variants ᴱQ. ambi, âmi, amaimi under the root ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). An additional variant ammi appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/30). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. ambe or mambe “mother” (PE16/135). This became ᴹQ. amil “mother” in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√AM “mother” (Ety/AM¹).

This 1930s form amil appears to have survived for some time. It appeared in a longer form Amille in Quenya Prayers of the 1950s (VT43/26; VT44/12, 18), and as an element in the term amilessi “mother-names” in a late essay on Elvish naming (MR/217). In the initial drafts of Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s Tolkien used the form amilye or amye as an affectionate word for “mother”, and amaltil as the finger name for the second finger (VT47/26-27 note #34 and #35).

However, in those documents Tolkien seems to have revised the root for “mother” from √AM to √EM and the affectionate forms from amye to emya or emme (VT47/10; VT48/6, 19). The revised word for “mother” appears to be emil based on the 1st person possessive form emil(inya) (VT47/26).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain the root √AM for “mother”, since that is what Tolkien used for 50 years, and ignore the very late change to √EM. As such, I would recommend amil(le) for “mother” and affectionate forms amme “mommy” and amya. However, if you prefer to use Tolkien’s “final” forms, then emil(le), emme and emya seem to be what Tolkien adopted in the late 1960s.

Quenya [VT44/18; VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ilúvatar

all-father

Ilúvatar masc. name "All-father", God (SD:401, FS, IL; Ilúv-atar, ATA, Iluvatar with a short u, SD:346). Often in combination with the divine name as Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather", cf. MR:112. "Qenya" genitive Ilúvatáren "of Ilúvatar" in Fíriel's Song, LR:47 and SD:246, the genitive ending is -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. the later genitive Ilúvataro in the phrase Híni Ilúvataro (see "Children of Ilúvatar" in the Silmarillion Index)

Yón

region, any (fairly extensive) region between obstacles such as rivers or mountains

yón (2), variant of yondë, q.v. Defined as "a region, any (fairly extensive) region _between obstacles such as rivers or mountains" (PE17:43)_

amal

mother

amal noun "mother"; also emel (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

amil

mother

amil noun "mother" (AM1), also emil (q.v.) Longer variant amillë (VT44:18-19), compounded Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary (VT43:32). If amil is a shortened form of amillë, it should probably have the stem-form amill-. Also compare amilyë, amya, emya. Compounded amil- in amilessë noun "mothername" (cf. essë "name"), name given to a child by its mother, sometimes with prophetic implications (amilessi tercenyë "mother-names of insight"). (MR:217).

ammë

mother

ammë noun "mother" (AM1)

condo

prince, leader; lord

condo ("k")noun "prince, leader; lord" (PE17:113,117); possibly replaces cundu, q.v.

emel

mother

emel noun "mother"; also amal (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

emil

mother

emil noun "mother", emilinya "my mother" (also reduced to emya) the terms a child would use in addressing his or her mother (VT47:26). Emil would seem to be a variant of amil. Also compare emel.

en

there, look! yon (yonder)

en (1) interjection "there, look! yon (yonder)" (EN, VT45:12)

etsë

outside, exterior

etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)

lairë

summer

lairë (1) noun "summer" (Letters:283, VT45:26), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Oiolairë "Eversummer", name of a tree (UT:167), see also Coron Oiolairë. Lairelossë noun *"Summer-snow", name of a tree (UT:167), perhaps with white flowers.

mamil

mother, mummy

mamil noun *"mother, mummy" (UT:191)

ontari

mother

ontari noun "mother" or etymologically "begetter, parent" (fem.); clashing with the plural ontari "parents", this was apparently an emphemeral form (see ontarë, ontaril, ontarië for other feminine forms of "begetter, parent") (VT44:7)

ontaril

mother

ontaril noun "mother", female *"begetter" (cf. onta-). Variant of ontarë. (VT43:32)

orma

physical matter

orma noun "physical matter" (MR:218, 231, 471)

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

ravanda

wilderness

?ravanda noun?, a form cited by Tolkien to elucidate the Noldorin word rhofan "wilderness"; it is not clear whether ravanda is meant as a Quenya cognate or just as an etymological (Old Noldorin?) form (VT46:10)

ránë

straying, wandering

ránë noun "straying, wandering" (RAN)

ráva

free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.

sanomë

there

sanomë adv. "there" (PE17:71). Cf. sinomë, tanomë.

ta

there

ta (5) adv. "there" (VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or "element" rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta #1).

tassë

there

tassë adv. "there" (VT49:11), short form tás. These seem to be properly locative forms of ta "that, it", hence "in that [place]". Compare allative tanna "thither" and ablative talo "thence".

tás

there

tás adv. "there" (VT49:11); also tassë, q.v.

vinta-

scatter

*vinta- (1) vb, later pronunctiation of winta- "scatter", q.v.

winta-

scatter, blow about

winta- vb. "scatter, blow about" (both transitive and intransitive) (PM:376)

melin

dear

melin adj. "dear" (MEL)

lanotoitë

adjective. innumerable

arya

adjective. excelling, *better

Quenya [PE17/057; PE17/058; PE17/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lairë

noun. summer

Quenya [Let/282; LotR/1107; LotR/1111; PE17/159; PE22/167; PM/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tassë

adverb. there

Quenya [PE22/155; VT49/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ampanóta-

verb. build, erect a building, construct

Quenya [PE 22:114,118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

emil

noun. mother

laire

noun. summer

Quenya [PE 22:125; PE 22:167] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lanotoite

adjective. innumerable

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

orma

noun. (physical) matter

sanomë

adverb. there

tasse

there

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tás

adverb. there

hravanda

noun. wilderness

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hyamië

noun. prayer

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

oryat

noun. badger

ranyaila

adjective. wandering

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

necel

noun. thorn

A word for “thorn” in notes on the Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, derived from the root √NEK having to do with angles (PE17/55).

toina

adjective. wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood

A word glossed “wood” appearing in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 derived from primitive ✶tawĭnā (PE17/115) and hence probably an adjective “✱wooden, (made) of wood” as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/toina).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. taurina “of wood”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” (Ety/TÁWAR). The word ᴹQ. toina appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, but was unglossed, so whether it meant “✱wooden” is unclear.

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Quenya [Let/426; LotR/0377; LotR/1113; LotR/1123; MR/100; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/126; PE17/135; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE22/160; RC/385; RGEO/58; RGEO/65; SA/alda; UT/167; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

almaren

place name. Almaren

An island in a lake at the center of Arda where the Valar dwelled when they first came to the world (S/35). The mean of this name is unclear, but it is similar in form and perhaps in meaning to [ᴹQ.] almare “blessedness”. It could be derived from the roots √AL(A) “blessed” or √GAL “thrive”.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien considered several other names for the island, Eccuilë >> Eremar >> Almar, but quickly settled on Almaren (MR/22-23).

Quenya [LT1I/Almaren; MR/022; MR/023; MRI/Almaren; RSI/Almaren; SI/Almaren; SMI/Almaren] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hína

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN (PE17/157; WJ/403), most notably an element in Eruhíni “Children of God”, a term for Elves and Men as the children of Eru. This word illustrates that hína has an abnormal plural form: híni rather than the expected ✱✱hínar. A variant hina with a short i was “only used in the vocative addressing a (young) child, especially in hinya (< hinanya) ‘my child’ (WJ/403)”.

Conceptual Development: The term Êruhîn “Children of God” first appeared as an Adûnaic word in the 1940s (SD/247-8, 358), later adapted as Quenya Eruhíni and Sindarin Eruchîn, which seems to be the source of Q. hína and S. hên “child”. At one point Tolkien coined masculine and feminine variants Q. hindo and Q. hindë, but they were deleted (PE17/157). Tolkien occasionally used an alternate Quenya form sén (MR/423; UT/274), perhaps out of a desire to have a Sindarin form Eruhîn that was closer to the original Adûnaic form; this variant continued to appear as late as 1969, where sén was written below Eruhíni as a variant form in Late Notes on Verbs (LVS: PE22/158).

Quenya [PE17/157; PE21/83; SA/híni; SI/Children of Ilúvatar; VT44/35; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

onna

noun. child, child, *offspring; [ᴹQ.] creature

A word for “child” appearing in various late notes and phrases (NM/31; PM/391; VT49/42), derived from the root √NŌ/ONO “beget, be born” and once appearing in a variant form onwe (PE17/170). Giving its derivation, its actual meaning may be closer to “✱offspring”, as first suggested to me by Tamas Ferencz.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. onna was instead glossed “creature”, though it was still derived from the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO).

Quenya [PE17/170; PM/391; VT49/42] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oron

noun. mountain

A word for “mountain” in Quenya whose stem form was oront-, so that it’s plural would be oronti (Ety/Ety/ÓROT).

Conceptual Development: There were a number of competing “mountain” words in Quenya of similar derivation, all based on the root √ORO “rise”; its Sindarin cognate S. orod “mountain” was much more stable in form. The earliest iteration of these Quenya words was ᴱQ. oro “hill” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ORO, unglossed but with other derivatives like ᴱQ. oro- “rise” and ᴱQ. orto- “raise” (QL/70). The word oro “hill” also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from this period, alongside a variant form oron(d) of the same meaning (PME/70).

The variant oron reappeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, now with the gloss “mountain” (PE21/33); its inflected forms indicate a stem form of {orom- >>} orum- (PE21/34 and note #125). ᴹQ. oron “mountain” appeared again in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√OROT, this time with a stem form oront- as indicated by its plural oronti (Ety/ÓROT). Oron appeared once more in the name Q. Oron Oiolossë “Mount Everwhite” from the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/403).

In Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien gave the variant forms oro, orto “mountain” as derivatives of √ORO/RŌ “rise, mount” (PE17/63-64). ᴹQ. orto had previously appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√OROT but with the gloss “mountain-top” (Ety/ÓROT). Hints of this earlier meaning can be seen in the 1968 word Q. orotinga “mountain-top” though in this compound the second element Q. inga also means “top” (VT47/28). Orto “mountain” may be the final element of the 1968 name Q. Tarmacorto “High Mountain Circle”, but more likely the last element is derivative of √KOR “round”, perhaps ✱Q. corto “circle” (NM/351).

As for oro, it meant “mountain” as an element in many late names: Q. Orocarni “Red Mountains” (MR/77), Q. Orofarnë “Mountain Ash” (PE17/83), Q. oromandi “mountain dweller[s]” (PE16/96), and Q. Pelóri “Mountain Wall” (PE17/26), though in one place Tolkien glossed the prefix oro- as “hill” (PE17/83), perhaps a callback to its meaning in the 1910s.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I feel oron(t) for “mountain” is better established among Neo-Quenya writers; it is the form used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT), for example. The word Q. orto was not used for “mountain” until quite late, and I would stick with its 1930s meaning “mountain-top”. As for Q. oro, I would use it as “mountain” only in compounds, not as an independent word.

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

Aino

god

Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

Enu

the almighty creator who dwells without the world

Enu masc. name, "the Almighty Creator who dwells without the world" (LT2:343 - in Tolkien's later Quenya, the divine name appears as Eru instead)

Ezellohar

the green mound

Ezellohar noun "the Green Mound" where the Two Trees grew; adopted and adapted from Valarin; also translated as Coron Oiolairë, Corollairë (WJ:401). The name must have become *Erellohar in Exilic (Noldorin) Quenya.

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

anga

iron

anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)

anna

gift

anna noun "gift" (ANA1, SA), "a thing handed, brought or sent to a person" (PE17:125), also name of tengwa #23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar). Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" (VT43:38)

apa

on

apa (2) prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall). Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts (VT44:26), but apa is also used for "after" (see apa #1 above), and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants , pa (q.v.) mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa #2. Another variant gives apa, "on (above but touching)" (VT49:18).

ar-

outside

ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.

ara

outside, beside, besides

ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)

aran

king

aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.

aranya

free

aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arya

excelling

arya (1) adj. "excelling", used as the comparative form of mára "good", hence "better" (PE17:57). The superlative ("best") is i arya with the article, with genitive to express *"the best of…" Cf. mára.

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

et

out

et prep. (and adv.?) "out", when followed by ablative "out of" (VT45:13) or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps "out of the mouth" (VT47:35). Prefixet- "forth, out" (ET), also in longer form ete- (as in etelehta, eteminya); verb ettuler "are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). (SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya). The forms etemmë and etengwë (VT43:36) seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively (Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. "you" from -llë to -ldë).

fainu-

release

fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.

fairë

free

fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)

hantalë

thanksgiving

hantalë noun "thanksgiving", isolated from Eruhantalë (UT:166; see also VT43:14). A verbal stem #hanta- "thank, give thanks" may apparently be isolated from this word.

haran

king, chieftain

haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)

hrón

flesh/substance of arda

hrón noun "flesh/substance of Arda", "matter" (PE17:183), also at one point used = hroa "body", q.v. Compare erma.

hína

child

hína noun "child", also hina used in the vocative to a (young) child (also hinya "my child", for hinanya) (WJ:403). Pl. híni (surprisingly not **hínar) in Híni Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" (Silmarillion Index); dative hínin in VT44:35. In compounds -hin pl. -híni (as in Eruhíni, "Children of Eru", SA:híni). According to one source, the word is hín(i) and solely plural (PE17:157), but this is obviously contradicted by some of the sources quoted above.

laita-

bless, praise

laita- vb. "bless, praise": a laita, laita te! Andavë laituvalmet! ... Cormacolindor, a laita tárienna "bless them, bless them! Long shall we bless them! ... [The] Ring-bearers, praise [them] to [the] height!" (lait[a]-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them) (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308; the meaning of the suffix -lmë _was revised from inclusive to exclusive "we", VT49:55). Verbal noun laitalë "praising", isolated from Erulaitalë (UT:166, 436)_

lehta

free, released

lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)

lissë

sweet

lissë adj. "sweet" (Nam, RGEO:66); also noun "sweetness", used metaphorically for "grace" (VT43:29, VT44:18); in this sense the word may be compounded as #Erulissë, q.v. Genitive lissëo in VT44:18. - In the entry LIS in the Etymologies, Tolkien originally gave lissë as the noun "honey", but then changed it to lis with stem liss- (VT45:28)

léra

free

léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)

maitë

handed

maitë (stem *maiti-, given the primitive form ¤ma3iti) adj. "handed" or "handy, skillful" (VT49:32, 42) in Angamaitë, hyarmaitë, lungumaitë, morimaitë, Telemmaitë, q.v. Etym gives maitë pl. maisi "handy, skilled" (MA3), but Tolkien later eliminated the variation t/s (compare ataformaitë "ambidextrous", pl. ataformaiti).

manya-

bless

manya- vb. "bless" "sc. either to afford grace or help or to wish it" (VT49:41)

melda

beloved, dear, sweet

melda adj. "beloved, dear, sweet" (MEL, VT45:34), superlative arimelda *"dearest" (PE17:56, see ar- #2), meldielto "they are beloved" (sc. meld[a]--lto "beloved-are-they" however, both the stative verb ending - "is/are" and the ending -lto "they" may be obsolete in LotR-style Quenya) (FS) PE17:55 gives the comparative form as arimelda or ammelda and the superlative as eremelda, anamelda or once again ammelda (PE17:55).

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

mirima

free

mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)

málos

forest

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

nassë

thorn, spike

nassë (2) noun "thorn, spike" (NAS). Not to be confused with nassë "(s)he is", VT49:30 or nassë # above. Note that in late material, the unambiguous word necel appears for "thorn" (PE17:55).

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

oro-

rise

oro- (2) vb. "rise" (LT1:256; Tolkien's later Quenya has orta-, but cf. oro #1)

oron

mountain

oron (oront-, as in pl. oronti) noun "mountain" (ÓROT; the root occurs in orotinga, q.v.) Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite" (WJ:403)

orta-

rise

orta- vb. "rise", also transitive "raise, lift up", pa.t. ortanë (Nam, RGEO:67, ORO; misreading "ortani" in Letters:426). According to PE17:63-64, this pa.t. form ortanë is only transitive ("raised"), whereas the intransitive pa.t. ("rose") is orontë. Cf. orya-.

orto-

raise

orto- vb. "raise" (LT1:256; in Tolkien's later Quenya orta-)

on

, pa (1) prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall); also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" (VT44:26). Another variant gives (and apa) with the meaning "on (above but touching)". (2) Variants of apa "after" (VT44:36), which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" (see entries for apa #1 and #2), or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa "after", as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *"years upon years" (VT44:36)

ranya-

to stray

ranya- (1) vb. "to stray" (RAN), (2) ranya noun "erratic wandering" (VT42:13), (3) ranya, also aranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

selda

child

selda adj.?noun? (meaning not clear, related to seldë "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter") and seldo "boy". Thus selda may be an adjective "childlike", since -a is a frequent adjectival ending. Alternatively, as suggested in VT46:13, selda may be a neuter noun "child", corresponding to masc. seldo "boy" and fem. seldë "girl" (before Tolkien changed the meaning of the latter to "child"). (SEL-D, cf. VT46:22-23)

seldë

child

seldë noun "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter"; in his later texts the Quenya word for "child" is rather hína, and the final status of seldë is uncertain. See also tindómerel.) (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23) In one late source, Tolkien reverts to the meaning "daughter", but this may have been replaced by anel, q.v.

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

sén

children

#sén collective (?) noun "children", isolated from Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74, VT49:35). The word would seem to be a collective, since it has no plural ending.

sérë

rest, repose, peace

sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song

taran

king

taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)

tauno

forest

tauno noun "forest" (LT1:267; in Tolkien's later Quenya taurë)

turu

wood

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

túr

king

túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)

umpano

build

umpano noun "build" (read: building), alternative form of ampano, which form is probably to be preferred (VT45:36, compare PAN; VT46:8 records how Tolkien in one case altered umpano to ampano)

vardar

king

vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)

ëa

ëa (1) (sometimes "eä")vb. "is" (CO), in a more absolute sense ("exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29) than the copula . "it is" (VT39:6) or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "who is above all thrones" (CO) and i ëa han ëa "who is beyond [the universe of] Eä" (VT43:14). is said to the be "pres[ent] & aorist" tense (VT49:29). The past tense of ëa is engë (VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30), the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva (VT49:29). See also ëala. is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe (WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote), but this term for the universe "was not held to include [souls?] and spirits" (VT39:20); contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" (VT43:14). Tolkien noted that ëa "properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately", hence he deleted the example Eru ëa "God exists" (VT49:28, 36). However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO (i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa** "the One who is** above all thrones") as well as in various Átaremma versions (see VT49:36), so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the "loremasters" rather than to everyday useage.

órë

rising

órë (2) noun "rising", anarórë "sunrise" (ORO). Cf. early "Qenya" órë "the dawn, Sunrise, East" (LT1:264). See under Melkor concerning the final element of Melkórë.

rië

adverb. only

rëa

adjective. single

aryë

adverb. also, as well, besides, too

A neologism for “also” coined by Elaran on 2023-06-22 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) derived from primitive ASjē based on the root √AS “beside” which is also the basis for ar “and”. I personally would limit this neologism to expressions like “also known as ...”, while for the sense “also” = “too” I would use attested: [ᴹQ.] (PE22/121-2).

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

nyanda-

verb. to gnaw

A neologism for “to gnaw” created by Petri Tikka in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s. An attested verb ᴹQ. ñwara- with the gloss “gnaw” as published in 2010, and I’d use that instead for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

was the word spoken by Eru Ilúvatar by which he brought the universe into actuality.

Quenya [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

carasta-

verb. to build, to build, construct

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

háro

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

naue

?. [unglossed]

rindë

adjective. swift

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

éna

?. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

anga

noun. iron

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/056; PM/347; SA/anga] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aran

noun. king

Quenya [LotR/0864; LotRI/Asëa aranion; MR/121; PE17/049; PE17/100; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186; PE22/158; VT49/27; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arquen

noun. noble, knight

Quenya [PE17/147; WJ/372] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hantalë

noun. thanksgiving

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linta

adjective. swift

Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/059; PE17/063; PE17/076; PE17/147; RGEO/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lissë

adjective. sweet

Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/064; PE17/154; RGEO/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melda

adjective. dear, beloved, beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet

Quenya [PE17/041; PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orta-

verb. to rise

Quenya [PE17/052; PE17/064; PE21/77; PE22/157; PE22/159; PE22/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orya-

verb. to rise

Quenya [PE17/064; PE17/077; PE22/133; PE22/139; PE22/156; PE22/157; PE22/163; PE22/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sén

noun. child

ellumë

adverb. once, one time

aino

noun. god

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

millumë

adverb. once, one time

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

saitalë

noun. education

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

tyulya-

verb. to rise

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

maitya

?. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

-tar

king

-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.

Este

noun. Rest

Rest

Quenya [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Estë

repose, rest

Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alarca

swift, rapid

alarca ("k")adj. "swift, rapid" (LAK2)

alda

noun. tree

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124; PE 22:160] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ampan-

verb. build

Quenya [PE 22:108] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

amu-

raise

amu- vb. "raise" (LT2:335; LotR-style Quenya has orta-)

anna, anwa

noun. gift

Quenya [PE 22:163] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

anwa

noun. gift

arauca

swift, rushing

arauca ("k")adj. "swift, rushing" (LT2:347). Compare arauco.

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

ava

outside, beyond

ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)

carasta-

build

carasta- vb. "build" (PE17:84)

cundu

prince

cundu ("k")noun "prince" (KUNDŪ; the "†_" indicating that this word is poetic or archaic was omitted in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:24)._ Cf. condo.

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

ettë

outside

ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

larca

swift, rapid

larca ("k")adj. "swift, rapid" (LAK2)

lemya-

remain, tarry

lemya- vb. "remain, tarry" (VT45:27)

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

linta

swift

linta adj. "swift"; pl. lintë attested (PE17:63. Nam, RGEO:66) Cf. lintië.

manta-

bless

*manta- vb. "bless", only attested in the present/continuative tense: mánata (VT49:39, 52, 55)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

ména

region

ména noun "region" (MEN). Not to be confused with the present/continuative tense of #men- "go".

nasta-

prick, sting

nasta- (2) vb. "prick, sting" (NAS)

necel

thorn

necel ("k") noun "thorn" (PE17:55)

nëa

once, at one time

nëa (1) "once, at one time" (in the past) (VT49:31). Also néya.

onwë

child

onwë noun "child" (PE17:170)

onwë

noun. child

orta

verb. raise

Quenya [PE 22:159, 164] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

orta-

verb. raise

raise

Quenya [PE 18:39 PE 18:89] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

orta/orya

verb. rise

Quenya [PE 22:104, 114, 117; PE 22:133; PE 22:157,159,163f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ortea

adjective. rising, ascendant

Quenya [PE 22:111] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

orya-

rise

orya- vb. "rise" (intrasitive only, contrast orta-), pa.t. oronyë (PE17:64)

rea

adjective. single

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rie

adverb. only

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

seldo

child

seldo noun (meaning not quite clear, likely the masculine form of seldë "child", hence *"boy") (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23)

sonda

dear, fond

[sonda adj. "dear, fond" (VT46:15)]

taure

noun. forest

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tavar

wood

tavar (1) noun "wood" (TÁWAR)

tyelca

swift, agile

tyelca ("k")adj. "swift, agile" (KYELEK), "hasty" (PM:353)

tár

king

tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.

yando

also

yando adv. "also" (QL:104)

yón

noun. region

úcalima

adjective. dim, murky

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

eldatár

`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king

Quenya [Compound of elda and tar] Group: Neologism. Published by