er

root. be alone, deprived

eremaloitē

adjective. eremaloitē

eredē

noun. seed

erekwa

adjective. isolated

ered

root. *seed

wad

root. err, stray

In the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, Tolkien gave the verbal root {ᴹ√MAD >>} ᴹ√WAD “err, stray” as the basis {ᴹQ. mare >>} ᴹQ. ware “err” (PE22/102), but neither the root nor the verb seem to be mentioned anywhere else.

sel(d)

root. child, child; *daughter

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, initially glossed “daughter” but later “child” with derivatives ᴹQ. selde, ᴹQ. seldo, ᴹQ. selda = female, male and neuter “child” (Ety/SEL-D). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 Tolkien gave sel-de “daughter” (PE17/170), while S. sel(l) = “daughter” appeared in both the King’s Letter from the late 1940s (SD/129) as well as the Túrin Wrapper from the 1950s (VT50/5). The diminutive form for “daughter” appeared as Q. selyë in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/10).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer √YEL for “daughter” as a variant of ᴹ√SEL(D) under the influence of √YON “son”, mostly so I can still use the 1930s “child” words for other genders, at least in the Quenya branch. I would still use Q. seldë and S. sell for “daughter”, however, with a bit of semantic drift, with “girl” words becoming Q. nettë and S. neth.

red

root. scatter, sow

am

root. mother

amī̆l

noun. mother

khal

root. uplift, erect, lift from ground, (make) stand up

(e)rek

root. thorn, holly

The root ᴹ√EREK appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “thorn” and derivatives meaning “prick” or “holly” in both Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/ERÉK). Elsewhere in the document it appeared in its unaugmented form ᴹ√REK (EtyAC/REK). It was the basis of the two names Ilk. Region and N. Eregion “Hollin”. The continued appearance of these names in the Legendarium indicates the continued validity of these roots.

galad

root. tree

The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

sī̆/sē̆

pronoun. she

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

orta-

verb. to rise

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

anga

root. iron

edenā

adjective. first

ezdē

noun. rest

galadā

noun. tree

kundu

root. prince

orku

noun. goblin

sed

root. rest

settā

adjective. first

tār(ō)

noun. king

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

bay

root. [unglossed]

lak

root. swift

stin

root. [unglossed]