Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

galad

root. tree

The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
  • galadā “great plant, tree”
    • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
    • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
    • S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
    • T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352
  • ᴹ✶galadā “tree”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • galādu “thicket”
  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD

Element in

  • Ilk. galbreth “beech” ✧ Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/NEL

Variations

  • GÁLAD ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/GALA; Ety/GALAD; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galas

root. joy, be glad

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “joy, be glad” that is an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAS). Its two most notable derivatives were ᴹQ. alasse and N. glass “joy”. The appearance of Q. alassë “happiness” in the so-called “Merin Sentence” (MS), probably written after the publication of The Lord of the Rings, indicates that this root may have remained valid.

Changes

  • GAL(AS)GALA “prosperity, abundance, wealth, gladness” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivatives

  • ᴺ✶. galast- “marble, (orig.) thing pleasant to touch”
    • ᴺQ. alas “marble”
    • ᴺS. glast “marble”
  • ᴺQ. alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
  • ᴺQ. alasta- “to be merry, rejoice”
  • Q. alassë “happiness, happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
  • ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
  • ᴺQ. alasta- “to make happy, cheer (up)”
  • ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴺS. galtha- “to be glad”
  • ᴺS. glaich “merry, joyous, happy”
  • N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
  • ᴺS. glasta- “to make happy”

Variations

  • GALÁS ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
  • GAL(AS) ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (GAL(AS))
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BOR; Ety/GALA; Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS); EtyAC/LAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galā-

verb. to grow

Changes

  • galāgolā ✧ PE22/113

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ PE22/098

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098; PE22/106
  • On. gala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/026

Variations

  • galā ✧ PE22/098; PE22/113 (galā)
  • galā́ ✧ PE22/106 (galā́)
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/026; PE22/098; PE22/106; PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gal

root. grow, thrive

Changes

  • GALGAL(AS) “grow, thrive, prosper, be healthy, be glad” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶galā- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098
    • ᴹQ. ala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098; PE22/106
    • On. gala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/026
    • N. gala- “to grow”
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
    • galadā “great plant, tree”
    • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
    • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
    • S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
    • T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352
    • ᴹ✶galadā “tree”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • galādu “thicket”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • ᴺ✶. galast- “marble, (orig.) thing pleasant to touch”
    • ᴺQ. alas “marble”
    • ᴺS. glast “marble”
    • ᴺQ. alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
    • ᴺQ. alasta- “to be merry, rejoice”
    • Q. alassë “happiness, happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
    • ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
    • ᴺQ. alasta- “to make happy, cheer (up)”
    • ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
    • ᴺS. galtha- “to be glad”
    • ᴺS. glaich “merry, joyous, happy”
    • N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
    • ᴺS. glasta- “to make happy”
  • ᴹQ. al- “to thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. almare “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alma “good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alta- “to (make) grow” ✧ EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alwa “well-grown” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alya “rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • N. gala- “to grow” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
  • N. galas “growth, plant, plant, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
  • N. Galdor ✧ Ety/GALA
  • N. galw “?increase, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²

Element in

Variations

  • GALA ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/GALA
  • GAL ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (GAL); PE22/098
  • gal- ✧ PE22/113
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS); PE22/098; PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadā

noun. tree

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
Middle Primitive Elvish [SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

golā-

verb. to grow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√OL “grow”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become” ✧ PE22/113

Variations

  • golā ✧ PE22/113
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ol

root. grow

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶golā- “to grow”
    • ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become” ✧ PE22/113
  • ᴹQ. ol- “to become” ✧ PE22/103
  • ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become”

Variations

  • ol ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (ol)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/GAL(AS); PE22/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by